Mark Hogan gave a presentation about the global water crisis and the work of Engineers Without Borders at Missouri S&T. He discussed how over 140 million hours each day are spent collecting water, negatively impacting health, education, and economic opportunities. EWB-S&T has ongoing water, sanitation, and hygiene projects in Bolivia, Honduras, and Guatemala. Their largest project provides potable water to the community of Nahualate, Guatemala through a well, water storage tank, and 7.5 mile distribution system. The project aims to be sustainable through community ownership and an elected water committee for operations and maintenance. Hogan encouraged support through donations, volunteering, or providing technical expertise to help address

1. The GlobalWaterCrisis and
Missouri S&T’s Chapter of
EngineersWithout Borders
MO-AWWA/MWEA Joint Conference 2015
Mark Hogan

2. About Me – Mark Hogan
• Senior in Environmental Engineering
• Minor: Global Studies
2 Source: http://mst.edu/

3. About Me – Mark Hogan
• Senior in Environmental Engineering
• Minor: Global Studies
• Water Environment Federation (WEF)
• 2012-2014: Missouri StreamTeam
Coordinator
3

4. About Me – Mark Hogan
• Senior in Environmental Engineering
• Minor: Global Studies
• Water Environment Federation (WEF)
• 2012-2014: Missouri StreamTeam
Coordinator
• Engineers Without Borders (EWB)
• 2013: Guatemala Program Leader
• NowVice President
4

5. Outline
 How bad is the global water crisis?
 Who is doing something about it?
 What is Missouri S&T doing?
 Guatemala potable water project
 What can you do?

6. 6

7. TheWater Crisis Is Everywhere
Gathering water in Ghana
Rodrigo de Freitas Lake – to host the rowing
events for the Rio de Janiero 2016 Olympic Games
7 Source: http://thomaslee.photoshelter.com/ Source: http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/

8. Water Affects Health AndTime
• Lack of clean drinking water affects
not only health, but also TIME
• Women and children spend 140
MILLION HOURS each day
collecting water.
• How many minutes have passed?
• It is estimated that a child dies from
water borne illnesses every minute.
8 Source: http://water.org/water-crisis/water-facts/women/

9. SafeWork Hours
• 140 MILLION HOURS = 20 empire state buildings
• How many companies have 1 million safe work hours?
• 2 million safe work hours?
• 3 million safe work hours?
• Imagine what could be done with that time.
• For women:
• Earn more family income
• For children:
• More quality time at school
• Time to be a kid and play!
9 Source: http://water.org/water-crisis/water-facts/women/

10. Geniuses who almost didn’t get the chance to shine:
• Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826)
• Orphan at 11, labored in mirror making workshop.
• Upon collapse of master’s house, soon-to-be King of Bavaria Maximillian,
rescued Joseph and offered him a position at the Optical Institute.
• By 27, he was the world’s greatest designer of lenses, which paved the
way for better telescopes.
• Became famous for Fraunhofer lines, which are the dark lines in the light
spectrum emitted by the sun.
10 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_von_Fraunhofer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines

11. Geniuses who almost didn’t get the chance to shine:
• Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)
• Real life GoodWill Hunting
• Professor Hardy from Cambridge University
accepted his mathematical theorems.
• Contributed to mathematical analysis,
number theory, infinite series, and
continued fractions.
11 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan

12. 12 Source: http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2015/#read

13. Outline
 How bad is the global water crisis?
 Who is doing something about it?
 What is Missouri S&T doing?
 Guatemala potable water project
 What can you do?

14. Who is doing something about the GlobalWater Crisis?
14 Source: http://www.unicef.org/ http://water.org/ https://www.engineeringforchange.org https://www.globalbrigades.org http://www.ewb-usa.org/ https://www.charitywater.org/ http://www.waterforpeople.org/

15. • GaryWhite: UMR alumnus!
• What makes water.org unique?
• Approach:
• Local Partners and Community
Ownership
• AppropriateTechnology
• The WaterCredit Initiative
15 Source: http://water.org/

16. • What makes charity:water unique?
• Fundraising campaigns
• Birthday donations
• Creating your own campaign profile
• Seeing exactly where your money goes 
16 Source: https://www.charitywater.org/

17. • What makes EWB-USA unique?
• You can be directly involved:
• 250+ student and professional
chapters
• Student: MU, S&T,Wash U, SLU,
UMKC, KU, SIU Edwardsville, SIU
Carbondale
• Professional: Gateway (STL),
Kansas City, Sunflower State
(Topeka)
17 Source: http://ewb-usa.org/get-involved/chapters

18. Outline
 How bad is the global water crisis?
 Who is doing something about it?
 What is Missouri S&T doing?
 Guatemala potable water project
 What can you do?

19. What Is Missouri S&T Doing?
• Research in India
• Focused onWater, Food, andWellness
• Led by Dr. DanielOerther
• International Senior Design (Geo Eng.)
• Ceramic Pot Filters (EcoFiltro)
• Led by Dr. Curt Elmore
• Engineers Without Borders
• 4 programs, each with 2 or 3 ongoing projects
• 10 years strong - 10,000 lives
19

20. EWB-S&T:Tacachia, Bolivia
• In the Andes, 17 miles southwest of La Paz
• About 120 community members
• Potable water project
• Hydraulic Ram Pumps (natural spring)
• SettlingTanks
• FerrocementTank
• Distribution System
• Biosand Filters
• Erosion control project
• Implemented Riverbank Protection

21. • Almost 30 houses and 120 people
• Built by Habitat for Humanity-Bolivia
• Projects:
• Flooding Counter-measures
• Well, Pump and Electricity
• FerrocementTank
• Distribution System
EWB-S&T Los Eucaliptos, Bolivia

22. • Approximately 9,000 people
Problems and their solutions:
• Outdated water system designed for 3,000
people
• Performed leak study
• High levels of arsenic
• Drilled a 4th well, with ample production and
(luckily) low arsenic levels
• Unstable levels of chlorine (using drip)
• Installed chlorine injection pumps
• Extreme hardness clogs injector parts
• Backwash daily with vinegar solution
EWB-S&T Santiago, Honduras

23. • Approximately 3,000 people
• Goal: Establish a dependable potable
water system that can be maintained
• 430’Well
• Pump and Chlorination System
• ElevatedTank
• 7.5 Mile Distribution System
EWB-S&T Nahualate, Guatemala

24. Outline
 How bad is the global water crisis?
 Who is doing something about it?
 What is Missouri S&T doing?
 Guatemala potable water project
 What can you do?

25. • Infrastructure:
• Electricity
• Cell phone coverage
• Nearby EMS care
• Jobs:
• Work on sugar cane & rubber tree
plantations
• Chop and haul wood
• General labor
• 3 Schools and 5+ Churches
EWB-S&T Nahualate, Guatemala

26. • Nahualate River: poor quality, but constant
• Canals: worse quality, also constant
• RainWater Collection: seasonal, attracts mosquitos
• Shallow Wells: better quality, depletes in dry season
• Ceramic Pot Filters: slow operation, maintenance costs
Water Sources

27. Getting Started (2008-2010)
Abandoned well

28. Getting Started (2011)

29. NewWell Location
(Completed Sept.18, 2012)

30. NewWell Location (2012)

31. WELL LOCATION
HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING
NAHUALATE, GUATEMALA
Rio Nahualate
(perennial stream)
Elev. ~ 347 m
Rio Nimaquiej
(perennial stream)
Elev. ~ 378 m
370
400
390
380
400
Elevation
In meters
Elevation
In meters
Drawing Not
to Scale
Well Depth:
Drilled to 430 feet
or ~131 meters
Hypothetical
piezometric
surface
Worst case
scenario
piezometric
surface
390~7 meters
~38 meters
360
350
340
330
320
310
370
380
390
300
290
280
270
Soil
Bedrock:
Quaternary
Volcanics
Well Location Elev.
~396 m

32. Rio Nahualate
(perennial stream)
Elev. ~ 347 m
Rio Nimaquiej
(perennial stream)
Elev. ~ 378 m
370
400
390
380
400
Elevation
In meters
Elevation
In meters
Well Location Elev.
~396 m
Drawing Not
to Scale
390
360
350
340
330
320
310
370
380
390
300
290
280
270
Bedrock:
Quaternary
Volcanics
115 gpm well pumping
~40 meter drawdown
piezometric surface
Drawdown
~40 meters
Static water level
piezometric surface
Contaminated
Surface Water
Soil
WELL LOCATION
HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING
NAHUALATE, GUATEMALA
Well Depth:
Drilled to 430 feet
or ~131 meters

33. • Located near the Church’s property, center
of the community
• The well house provides shelter for:
• Pump controls
• Chlorination system
• Extra supplies
NewWell House

34. 230V
30 Gallon Drum
PowerTransformer
Two Metering
Pumps operating
at 50% capacity
Chlorine Feed
Well Pump
Control
Panel
120V
CheckValves
4” Fill Line
insideWell
House
Two-Pump Chlorination System

35. Water StorageTank
(Completed May, 2014)

36. • The required size of the elevated
tank was calculated to be 58,000
Liters (15,000 Gallons)
• Size was determined for a per day
method via EPANET
• The pump will operate at 125 GPM
for nearly 12 hours a day
Sizing ofWater StorageTank

37. The elevated tank was the
most expensive single project,
totaling ~$86,000
Design of Steel ElevatedTank (2013)
Designs were guided and reviewed by RoyWall, P.E.

38. Lesson Learned

39. Lesson Learned (continued)

40. Success of the construction was favored by
scheduling it during the dry season (note the
cloudy skies upon completion).
Construction of ElevatedTank

41. Water Distribution System
(approximately 7.5 miles)

42. Distribution System Map and Elevations

43. • Used AutoCAD Civil 3D to plot pipe locations
• Used EPANET to analyze pressure and model 
• Various valves:
• Gate and ball shut-off valves
• Air release valves
• Pressure reducing valves
• Most houses are <20 meters from distribution line
• Individual homes will purchase a connection
Designs were guided and reviewed byTodd Williams, P.E.
Water Distribution Design (2011-2012)
EPANET pressures at peak demand

44. Plan and Profile Construction Drawings

45. Distribution System Construction (2013-ongoing)

46. Sustainability and Monitoring

47. 1. Construction Manual for the Construction Manager and the
NahualateWater Committee
2. Operation & Maintenance Manual for the O&M Manager
and the Nahualate Water Committee
3. Management Manual for finances and management within
the NahualateWater Committee
4. General info tri-fold brochures to keep community
members updated and interested in project
Literature for the Community

48. EWB-S&T is partnering with Masters of Public Health
(MPH) students from University of Missouri-Columbia
• July 2012 health surveys of 180 homes
• Will continue to help with the education of the
community
• Health Clinic constructed by fellow volunteer group, but
ran out of funding
Education

49. Will be in charge of:
• Hiring and overseeing the O&M Manager
• This is the only paid position
• Handling money - collecting fees, paying
temporary laborers, etc.
• Making executive decisions
The community will contribute financially:
• Installation fee: ~$15
• Monthly service fee: $3
• Community members agree that these
are reasonable amounts
Water Committee =Water Utility Company

50. During construction and at completion of project, a local
engineer visits and takes notes on our behalf 
EWB-S&T and MPH will travel to community to monitor
success of project
Metrics to monitor:
• Health surveys by MPH
• Monitoring of system water meters
• Analyzing the cost and maintainability of the water
supply system
• Periodic water quality tests
Monitoring the Project
Jeanny Rios:
NGO Engineering Liaison
Source: http://publichealth.missouri.edu/

51. Outline
 How bad is the global water crisis?
 Who is doing something about it?
 What is Missouri S&T doing?
 Guatemala potable water project
 What can you do?

52. What CanYou Do?
Companies, Foundations, and
Individuals Can:
52
• Give advice
• Lead training sessions on
modeling software
• Network with international
companies and NGOs
Who Helped EWB-
S&T
HowThey Helped
ToddWilliams (M3
Engineering)
Guatemala Distribution
System
Vince Stollhans
(STLMSD)
Guatemala Pump Controls
Steve Hubbs (W4P,
LouisvilleWater Co.)
Honduras and Guatemala
Chlorination
Sal Elkott (Elkott
Engineering)
Bolivia SurfaceWater
Countermeasures
RoyWall (MECS, Inc.) Structures in Guatemala,
Honduras, and Bolivia
Dan Israel (Terracon) Advise Guatemala
Kent Mace Bolivia Surveying
Craig Erdman
(Geoengineers)
Bolivia ErosionControl

53. What CanYou Do?
Companies, Foundations, and
Individuals Can:
53
• Give financial support
• Donations
• Merchandise
• Grants
• Participate in events!
Donate this week!
Source: http://www.waterforpeople.org/

54. Fundraising Events and Ideas
EWB-S&T’s 5k on April 11th in STL
Shop on Amazon? Use Amazon Smile
54 Source: https://racesonline.com/events/engineers-without-borders-run-for-water Source: http://smile.amazon.com/ Source: http://www.ewb-stl.org/drupal/
• Just search “EWB 5k STL” and you’ll find
the registration site.
• Find us on Facebook!
• Amazon will support the charity of your
choice (EWB,W4P, water.org,
charity:water)
EWB-Gateway Pro Chapter is hosting
aTrivia Night April 24th
• ewb-stl.org or find them on FB

55. 55 Source: http://water.org/
When you give awareness of a
problem that is serious, but also
give awareness of a solution that is
practical, I think it’s in people’s
nature to want to step up and do
their part.
--Matt Damon, co-founder of
Water.org

56. Thank you! Any questions?
Mark Hogan: markhogan89@gmail.com
EWB-S&T: ewb-mst.org – cewb@mst.edu