Transactional Analysis is a theory of personality and psychotherapy that views the personality as composed of three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. It analyzes interactions as transactions consisting of strokes between ego states. The goal of Transactional Analysis psychotherapy is to help people choose which ego state to be in rather than allowing one to dominate, and to replace dysfunctional scripts with cooperative behavior.

1. Transactional Analysis ?

2. What is Transactional Analysis ?
 A theory of personality as well as a systematic
psychotherapy for personal growth and personal
change.
 Among psychological approaches, it is
outstanding in the depth of its theory and the
wide variety of its applications.
 It is finding wide application in organizations and
education.

3. Ego States
 Eric Berne made complex interpersonal transaction
understandable when he recognized that the
human personality is made up of three "ego
states"; each of which is an entire system of
thought, feeling, and behavior from which we
interact with each other.
 The distinctions of Parent, Adult and Child ego
states form the foundation of Transactional
Analysis theory.
 These concepts have spread into many areas of
therapy, education, and consulting as practiced
today.

4. Strokes and Transactions
 TA suggests that all interactions are made up
of strokes and transactions, which we aim
from one ego state to another.
 A STROKE is a single unit of recognition
between two people. Strokes can be verbal or
non-verbal, positive or negative, and of
varying degrees of intensity.

5. A Transaction
 A TRANSACTION is an exchange of two strokes
between two people. The first stroke is called
the stimulus, the second is called the response.
 Sometimes transactions get 'crossed', or are
'ulterior', causing misunderstandings to occur,
and communication to break down.

6. Games People Play
 Berne labeled socially dysfunctional behavioral
patterns as games, i.e.
 the repetitive, non-productive transactions to
obtain strokes which reinforce negative feelings
and self-concepts, and
 which mask the direct expression of thoughts,
wants and needs.

7. Life Script
 Eric Berne proposed that dysfunctional behavior
is the result of self-limiting decisions made in
childhood in the interest of survival.
 Such decisions culminate in what Berne called
the Life Script, which is
 the unconscious life plan derived 'from early
experiences that govern the way life is lived out.

8. Contracts
 Transactional Analysis is based upon mutual
contracting for change.
 Transactional Analysts view people as capable
of deciding what they want for their lives.

9. Ego States Basic Needs I’m Not OK,
You’re Not
OK
I’m OK,
You’re not
OK
I’m OK
You’re OK
I‘m Not
OK,
You’re OK
Life Positions
ADULT Rationality Cynical
Task
Obsessive
Problem
Solving
PARENT
Over-
whelming
Regulating Love,
Care
Power
Traditional
Over
Indulgent
Prescriptive
Rescuing
Normative
Supportive
Indifferent
Ingratiating
CHILD
Adaptive
Reactive
Creative
Nurturing
Approval,
Safety
Aggression
Creativity
Sulking
Withdrawn
Humorous
Complaining
Aggressive
Bohemian
Resilient
Confronting
Innovative
Dependent
Intropunitive
Satirical

10. Typical Behaviors
Advising
Criticizing
Ordering
Telling
Fault Finding
Moralizing
Scolding
Nurturing
Caring
Loving
Fact Finding
Questioning
Analyzing
Problem Solving
Helping
Cooperating
Planning
Coordinating
Scheduling
Thinking
Laughing
Crying
Sulking
Being Frightened
Playing
Enjoying
Dancing
Curiosity
Obeying
Dependent
ADULT
PARENT CHILD

11. Aim of Transactional Analysis psychotherapy
 To help a person to choose to be in a particular
inner state, instead of just allowing the current
ego-state to dominate feelings, attitudes and
behavior.
 Changing the Life Script
 Replacing organizational or societal scripting
with cooperative non-violent behavior is the aim
of other applications of Transactional Analysis.

12. "I'm OK - You're OK"
This is probably the best-known expression of
the purpose of Transactional Analysis, which is
 To establish and reinforce the position that
recognizes the value and worth of every person.
 Transactional Analysts regard people as
basically "OK" and thus capable of change,
growth, and healthy interactions.