health awareness for females

1. WOMEN HEALTH
ISSUES
Dr Maryam Alam Khan

3. • Breast cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Anal fissure and hemorrhoids
• Reproductive Health
• Nutrition
• Psychiatric problems and drugs
• Osteoporosis
• Diabetes, heart disease and HTN

5. Statistics
• Global burden rises to 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million
cancer deaths in 2012!
• 34.6% of female cancers in Pakistan!
• 1 in 9 women!

6. Risks for Breast Cancer
• Family history of malignancies
• Early Menarche Late menopause
• Nulli parity
• Having children in later age
• Estrogen therapy/ OCP/HRT
• Lack of breast feeding
• Genetics
• Obesity and lack of exercise
• Smoking and alcohol
• Radiation history
• Xenoestrogens!
• Sleep!

7. Sleep…and breast cancer risk
• Hormone of sleep--melatonin
• Immune booster, decreases circulating sex hormones
(estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone)
• Breast cancer is less common in women who sleep > 9
Hrs / night than in women who sleep less.
• Women who consistently sleep more than 9 hours/night
have less than 1/3rd the risk of developing a breast tumor
than women who sleep 7 or 8 hours per night
• Women who work shifts have a 50% increase in breast
cancer (same with men and prostate cancer and
shiftwork)
(Cancer Research, October 15, 2005)

8. MYTH BUSTERS!!
• Abortion
• Under wire Bras
• Deodorants
• Fertility treatments
• Folic acid (folate)
• Viruses

11. SELF BREAST EXAMINATION

12. CERVICAL CANCER

13. RISK FACTORS
• cervical cancer is the fourth most
common cancer affecting women
worldwide (after breast, colorectal,
and lung cancers)
• HPV 16 and HPV 18

14. Screening: the PAP smear
Age group (years)
Frequency of
screening
25 First invitation
25 - 49 3 yearly
50 - 64 5 yearly
65+
Only screen those
who have not
been screened
since age 50 or
have had recent
abnormal tests

15. ANAL FISSURE AND HEMORRHOIDS

16. CAUSES
• Constipation!!!!!!!
• Low fiber diet!
• Prolonged straining!
• Meat!
• Pickles and spices!
• Pulses!

17. PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT
• Lifestyle modification
• Medications
• Surgery

18. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

19. EARLY
MARRIAGES!
• Psychological issues
• STDs and cervical cancer
• Pregnancy and nutritional
problems
• Childbirth : VVF
• Incompetent mothers

20. LATE MARRIAGE
• Down’s syndrome!
• Weak bones
• Co morbidities
• Mother hood potentials

21. FAMILY PLANNING
• Reduce health burden
• Decreased abortions
• Reduce financial burden
• Focus one child at a time
• Population control

22. METHODS

23. PREGNANCY
• Regular check ups!
• Proper diet
• Multi vitamins
• Back ache and relation to spinal anesthesia!!!!

24. INFERTILITY
• Male vs female infertility

25. Causes of Female Infertility
• Ovulation problems
• Poly cystic ovaries
• Endometriosis
• Tubal problems(PID)
• Fibroids

26. Methods to Conceive
• Medical
• Surgical
• Male partner
• IVF (in vitro fertilization)
• GIFT (Gamete intra fallopian transfer)
• ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection)
• Choosing Sex= Male child!?

27. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
• Chlymadia
• Gonorrhea
• Syphillis
• Hepatitis B/C
• Scabies
• Trichomoniasis
• Herpes
• HPV
• HIV/AIDS
• Honeymoon cystitis

28. PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS AND DRUGS

29. • Depression !
• Pre Menstrual Syndrome
• Obsessive Compulsive Syndrome

30. Treatmentsfor PMS & PMDD
• Lifestyle changes and psychosocial interventions
(no controlled trials)
• Dietary modifications (reduce refined sugars, caffeine,
salt, alcohol), Exercise, ,Stress management, Cognitive
Psychotherapy, Relaxation training, Group therapy,
Charting symptoms
• Vitamins and nutritional supplements
• Calcium, Linoleic acid (Evening primrose oil),
Pyridoxine (Vit. B6)-limited evidence, mixed results
• Bright light, Sleep deprivation
Parry et al (1987, 1989, 1993, 1995)

31. ANOREXIA NERVOSA
An eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat.

32. BULLIMIA NERVOSA
• A serious eating disorder
marked by binging,
followed by methods to
avoid weight gain
• potentially life-
threatening eating
disorder.
• Treatments include
counseling, medications,
and nutrition education

33. CHRONIC DISEASES!
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• ARTHRITIS
• DIABETES
• HYPERTENSION
• HEART DISEASE

35. CONTACT INFORMATION
• Drmaryamalamkhan@gmail.com
• Surgical E Ward, Khyber Teaching Hospital
• Thursday and Saturday OPD
• 10:30am -1:00pm