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Sports Injuries(Classification).pptx
- 2. Sports injuries can be defined as the physical alignment that hinder a person’s sports performance and prevent him/her from performing .
- 3. Sportsinjuries Reportable Minor Moderately Serious Non reportable •Minor & Major •Soft tissue and Hard tissue •Marotrauma & Microtrauma •Acute and Chronic Classification of sports injuries Reportable Non reportable
- 4. Classified according to the types of body tissue damage – 1. ACUTE 2. CHRONIC/OVERUSED
- 5. Site Acute Injuries Overuse Injuries Bone FracturePeriosteal contusion Stress fractureBone strain Stress reaction Osteitis Periostitis Apophysitis Articular cartilage Osteochondral/chondral fractureMinor osteochondral injury/lesion Chondropathy (e.g. chondromalacia) Joint DislocationSubluxation SynovitisOsteoarthritis Ligament Sprain/tear (grades I - III) Inflammation Muscle Strain/tear (grades I - III)Contusion Cramp Compartment syndrome (acute) Compartment syndrome (chronic)Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) Focal tissue thickening/fibrosis Tendon Tear (complete or partial) Tendinopathy Bursa Traumatic bursitis Bursitis Nerve Neuropraxia Nerve entrapmentMinor nerve injury/irritation Adverse neural tension Skin LacerationAbrasion Puncture wound BlisterCallus
- 6. Injury occurs suddenly to previously normal tissue. Acute injuries occur due to sudden trauma to the tissue, with the symptoms of acute injuries presenting themselves almost immediately. The principle in this instance is that the force exerted at the time of injury on the tissue (i.e. muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone) exceeds the strength of that tissue. Forces commonly involved in acute injury are either direct or indirect. Acute injuries can be classified according to the site of the injury (e.g. bone, cartilage, ligament, muscle, bursa, tendon, joint, nerve or skin) and the type of injury (e.g. fracture, dislocation, sprain or strain).
- 7. A direct injury is caused by an external blow or force (extrinsic causes) A collision with another person e.g, during a tackle in rugby or football Being struck by an object e.g. a basketball or hockey stick
- 8. An indirect injury can occur in two ways (intrinsic causes): The actual injury can occur some distance from the impact site e.g. falling on an outstretched hand can result in a dislocated shoulder The injury does not result from physical contact with an object or person, but from internal forces built up by the actions of the performer, such as injuries that may be caused by over-stretching, poor technique, fatigue, and lack of fitness. (e.g. muscle strain or ligament sprain)
- 9. Ankle Sprain Quadriceps Strain Clavicular Fracture Shoulder Dislocation
- 10. Sprain Strain Bruising Pulls Blisters Cuts Fractures Greenstick Dislocation Luxation Sub-Luxation Transverse Oblique Comminuted Impacted compound spiral Soft tissue injury Bone injury Joint injuries Simple
- 12. •Simple Fracture: Bone breaks into two pieces. •Stress: It is a peculiar form of fracture. In this type of fracture, hairline break occurs which is usually invisible (even on X-ray) during first few weeks from the time of pain. •Comminuted Fracture: The bone is crushed into number of pieces •Impacted Fracture: In this type of fracture embedding of one bone fragment into another bone fragment is apparent. •Compound fracture: It is also known by common name open fracture. In this type the bone protrudes through skin. •Complete Fracture: Bone snaps totally in two or more pieces •Incomplete Fracture: Though the bone develops crack it is not separated.
- 13. Dislocation -The joint which loses its original place or slips out from its natural place is termed in medical terminology as ‘dislocated joint’. Shoulder,finger,patella more prone for disloction
- 14. It is part of capsule ,acute lig.. Injury or tear called sprain.
- 15. GRADE 1 – Microscopic injury on stretching of leg at macroscopic level. - Normal ROM on streching the lig, - mild swelling GRADE 2-There is considerable propertion of fibres of lig. Are involved and therefore stretching of the joint and stressing the lig. -show increase laxicity - swelling -,pain functional deformity -,reduce ROM, GRADE 3-There is complite tear or repture of lig. - Painfree tear, - extensive swelling, -tenderness, -loss of muscle instability Mx-PRICE techniques - crape bandage
- 16. Cause- macrotrauma,muscle tear . muscle lengthening+force= tear non-contact force =muscle tear contact force = contusion 3 categories of sprain,d/o severity grade1-mild,involves only smaller no.of fibres in muscle , -no reduction in sprain -,active nd passive ROM is full. Grade2-moderate strain and involves asignificant no.of muscle fibres Swelling nd pain during muscle contraction ,movment is limited by pain Grade3-complete tear and rupture of the muscle -severe swelling nd pain -complete loss of function -mostly occur at the musculo-tendinous function
- 17. 1.inadequate worming up nd doing heavy exercises 2.insufficient ROM 3.excessive muscle tightness 4.fatigue nd overuse 5.inadequate recovery 6.muscle imbalance 7.previous injury 8.faulty tech +biomechanics 9.spinal dysfunction COMMON MUSCLES AFFECTED BY STRAIN- -Hamstring,Quuadricep,Calf groin,Rotator cuff, long head of biceps,achilis.
- 18. Acute injury due to direct blow or trauma from an opposition player or contact with an equipment in collision sports such as football and hockey. There occur local muscle damage which give rise to bleeding.
- 20. ALHAMDUILLAH