It is a branch of chemical uses in textile

1. DYEING OF BLENDED FIBRES

2. CONTENT
1. OBJECTIVE
2. NEED OF BLENDING
3. HISTORY
4. POPULAR BLENDS
5. BLENDS AND THEIRS RECIPE AND METHODS.

3. BLENDED FIBRES
BLENDING, IN YARN PRODUCTION, PROCESS OF
COMBINING FIBRES OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS, LENGTH,
THICKNESS, OR COLOUR TO MAKE YARN. WHEN A FABRICS
MADE FROM SUCH FIBRES ARE
CALLED BLENDS. BLENDING ALSO REFERS TO THE PROCESS
OF COMBINING SMALL AMOUNTS OF THE SAME FIBRE TAKEN
FROM DIFFERENT LOTS TO ACHIEVE A UNIFORM RESULT.
BLENDED FABRICS:-
SIMPLY PUT IT’S WHEN TWO OR MORE TYPES OF FIBERS ARE
COMBINED TOGETHER INTO THE ONE FABRIC.

4. NEED OF BLENDED FABRICS
BLENDS ARE CREATED TO IMPROVE THE FEEL, PERFORMANCE
OR DURABILITY OF THE FABRIC.
EXAMPLE:-
WHEN COTTON AND SPANDEX ARE COMBINED IT OFTEN
CREATES A FABRIC THAT IS THAT IS LIGHTWEIGHT, COOL AND
WITH SOME DEGREE OF STRETCH. THE PERCENTAGE OF EACH
FIBER IS IMPORTANT AS MORE OR LESS OF EACH CAN MAKE OR
BREAK THE FABRIC. TOO HIGH A PERCENTAGE OF A STRETCH
FIBER IN A FABRIC AND THE GARMENT CAN TURN INTO A SAGGY
MESS, TOO LITTLE AND YOU CAN FEEL OVERLY CONSTRICTED.

5. HISTORY OF BLENDED FABRICS
THE FIRST COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF A MAN-MADE FIBER WAS
ACHIEVED IN 1889 BY FRENCH CHEMIST, CHARLES CHAMBERLAND,
WHO CAUSED A SENSATION IN THE PARIS EXHIBITION WHEN HE
SHOWED HIS ‘ARTIFICIAL SILK’. NEXT CAME RAYON IN 1910 AND
NYLON IN 1939. BY THE 1950′S MADE-MADE FABRICS WERE TAKING
20% OF ALL FIBERS BEING PRODUCED BY AMERICAN MILLS. THESE
FIBERS WERE DEVELOPED TO SOLVE SOME OF THE MORE
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL FIBERS SUCH AS
MOTHS, WRINKLES, AND DURABILITY.

6. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS:-
MAN-MADE FIBERS INCLUDE WATER AND STAIN RESISTANCE,
STRETCH, STRENGTH, DURABLE, RETAIN SHAPE AND
COMPARABLY LESS EXPENSIVE.
NEGATIVES CHARACTERISTICS:-
HOT TO WEAR, THEY DO NOT ABSORB WATER, SEAMS DO NOT
HOLD AS TIGHT AS NATURAL FABRICS, PRONE TO SKIN ALLERGIES
AND THEY ARE NOT BIODEGRADABLE.

7. POPULAR/COMMON BLENDED FABRICS
THE MORE POPULAR BLENDED
FABRICS INCLUDE:
• POLYESTER / COTTON
• RAYON / COTTON
• WOOL / COTTON
• LINEN / COTTON
• LINEN / SILK
• LINEN / RAYON
• SILK / WOOL
•WOOL/ACRYLIC

8. SPECIALITY OF BLENDED FIBRES
 SPANDEX ADDS ELASTICITY AND COMFORT.
 POLYESTER GIVES WASH AND WEAR BENEFITS, INCREASES WRINKLE RESISTANCE, SHAPE
RETENTION AND DURABILITY AND LOWERS THE FABRIC COST.
 RAYON IMPROVES MOISTURE ABSORBENCY, ATTRACTS LESS STATIC AND ADDS LUSTER.
 ACRYLIC IMPROVES SOFTNESS AND GIVES THE FABRIC WOOL-LIKE QUALITIES.
 ACETATE ADDS LUSTER AND SHINE, LOWERS THE COST OF THE FABRIC AND IMPROVES
DRAPEABILITY.
 COTTON LESSENS STATIC, INCREASES ABSORBENCY, COMFORT, AND DYE-ABILITY.
 WOOL ADDS WARM AND BULK, HELPS RETAIN SHAPE, INCREASES ABSORBENCY AND
WRINKLE RESISTANCE.
 SILK ADDS COMFORT, LUSTER, AND PRESTIGE.
 ANGORA HAIR ADDS FLUFFINESS.

9. DYEING ON POLYESTER & COTTON FABRIC
POLYESTER:
COTTON:
DISPURSE
DYE
Carrier
HTHP
Thermosol
Reactive
Dye Vat dye

10. BASIC RULES FOR DYEING:- For dyeing of a p/c fabric, we should have to
know the amount of cotton and polyester present in the blended fabric. Then as per
the present of polyester and cotton we have to take the dye chemicals for the
dyeing. We should have to dyed the polyester part fast using disperse dye and then
dyed the cotton part with the reactive dye or vat dye.
Polyester
Dyeing
(Disperse Dye)
Cotton dyeing
(Vat/Reactive
Dye)

11. STANDARD RECIPE OF P/C BLEND
 POLYESTER RECIPE
 Disperse dye– 3% (own)
 Dispersing Agent– 1gpl.
 Acetic Acid---- 1gpl.
 Anti Creasing agent– 1gpl.
 PH– 5.5
 Time– 50 min
 ML ratio---- 1:10
 COTTON RECIPE
 Reactive dye– 2%(own)
 Sequestering Agent– 1gpl.
 Salt --- 20gpl.
 Soda--- 10gpl.
 Temp– 85 c
 PH---11.5
 Time--- 90 min

12. DYEING ON RAYON & COTTON FABRIC
VISCOSE
Reactive
Dye
COTTON
Reactive
Dye
COTTON
• Dyeing with the viscose with
reactive dye.
VISCOSE
• Dyeing with the cotton with
reactive dye.

13. REACTIVE DYE
Reactive dye– 2%(own)
Sequestering Agent– 1gpl.
Salt --- 20gpl.
Soda--- 10gpl.
Temp– 85 c
PH---11.5
Time--- 90 min

14. DYEING ON ACRYLIC & COTTON FABRIC
ACRYLIC
Dyeing by Cationic
dye
COTTON
Dyeing by Direct dye.

15. RECIPE FOR ACRYLIC/COTTON FABRIC
 ACRYLIC DYE
 Cationic dye--- 2%
 Acetic Acid--- 3%
 Glablur Salt--- 0.5gpl
 Potassium bicarbonate – 0.05 –
0.1 gpl
 • pH – 4 – 5
 • Levelling agent – 0.5 – 1 %
 DIRECT DYE
 Direct dye---- 2%
 Salt------ 10gpl
 Soda ash--- 10gpl
 Time--- 60 min
 Temp---- 80 C

16. DYEING OF ACRYLIC/WOOL BLEND
Acrylic by basic dye
Wool by acid dye

17. RECIPE FOR ACRYLIC/WOOL FABRIC
 WOOL
 Acid dye--- 3%
 Acetic Acid--- 3%
 Glablur Salt--- 0.5gpl
 PH---- 5-6
 ACRYLIC
 Dye stuff – x%
 A. acid – up to pH 5 – 5.5
 Retardar – 4%
 G. salt – 5 – 10 %
 Dyeing Temperature – 140°C

18. RECIPE
• Cationic dye – x %
• Sulphuric acid (96%) – 3 %
• Formic acid (85 %) – 5 %
• pH – 2 – 3
• Pottasium bicarbonate – 0.03 – 0.1 % ( add if necessary).

19. ACRYLIC/WOOL BLEND DYEING PROCESS
In this dyeing process, first off all the goods are enterduce at 70°C
and then raise the temperature 80°C in 10 – 15 mint. Before adding
x% metal complex dye and then take 1 – 2 % dispersing agent.
And then the dye bath is heated 100°c within 40 mint. And then
dyeing is done at 100°C for 1hours (60 mint) then cool at 60°C and
then drain, wash, soap, wash, and then finally complete dry is
required.

20. DYEING FOR LINEN/COTTON FABRIC
COTTON • By reactive dye.
LINEN • By reactive dye.

21. REACTIVE DYE
Reactive dye– 2%(own)
Sequestering Agent– 1gpl.
Salt --- 20gpl.
Soda--- 10gpl.
Temp– 85 c
PH---11.5
Time--- 90 min

22. DYEING FOR SILK/WOOL FABRIC
SILK
Acid dye
WOOL
Acid dye

23. RECIPE:
Acid dye--- 3%
Acetic Acid--- 3%
Glablur Salt--- 0.5gpl
PH---- 5-6
TEMP--- 85C
TIME--- 60 MIN