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UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE MACHALA
ACADEMIC UNIT OF CHEMICAL
SCIENCES AND HEALTH
MEDICINE SCHOOL
ENGLISH
DYSPEPSIA
STUDENTS
William Cruz
Kevin Herrera
TEACHER:
Mgs. Barreto Huilcapi Lina Maribel
CLASS:
EIGHTH SEMESTER ‘’A’’
Machala, El Oro
2018

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Dyspepsia
Definition
Dyspepsia or indigestion refers to discomfort and / or pain that occurs in the upper
abdomen. Some patients complain of pain, swelling, heartburn or nausea, while
others experience indigestion, but, in general terms, all suffer discomfort in that area.
Dyspepsia is defined as a set of symptoms that originate in the upper gastrointestinal
tract, in the absence of any structural cause or metabolic disease that can explain
them.
In patients with dyspepsia, the stomach does not relax in response to a meal, and
alterations in contractions and gastric emptying are also observed.
In some cases, it may also present a greater perception of gastric activity, which is
called visceral hypersensitivity.

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Etiology
The causes of this condition are unknown in most patients. In some cases, symptoms
may occur after an excessive meal or by having ingested certain medications that
produce lesions in the gastric mucosa, such as aspirin or anti-inflammatories.
It is also possible that the cause is due to psychological problems, such as stress,
anxiety or depression.
Some patients with dyspepsia may have a wound or erosion, called an ulcer, in the
stomach or in the area of the duodenum, caused mostly by a bacteria called
Helicobacter pylori.
The causes for most cases of dyspepsia are excessive consumption of alcohol, the
intake of spicy foods, or very greasy, and ingest large amounts of food in a short
time.
Other reasons can be smoking, foods with a lot of fiber or consuming too much
caffeine.
Signs and symptoms
The main symptom of dyspepsia in the discomfort produced in the upper abdomen,
which happens during or after meals.
This pain is described as heat or burning in the area between the navel and the lower
part of the sternum, and the feeling of swelling is annoying when you start eating or
afterwards.
Other symptoms that may also occur, although to a lesser extent, are abdominal
distension or nausea.
This condition is not the same as gastric acidity because the symptoms of it usually
originate in the chest and can radiate to the neck or throat.

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Diagnosis
Dyspepsia can be detected through the following procedures:
 Abdominal ultrasound.
 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Also called gastrointestinal endoscopy. It is a
test that visualizes the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to detect if there are
injuries.
Treatment
If the discomfort does not occur frequently, in principle, it is not necessary to go to
the specialist. The symptoms will disappear on their own, but if not, the treatment
concentrates the following guidelines:
Diet: In most cases, patients have symptoms associated with food intake. Therefore, it
is recommended that you make low-fat and low-calorie meals, and in small
quantities.
Eradicate Helicobacter pylori through antibiotics in cases where this bacterium is the
cause.
Administer medications that reduce acid (an example is omeprazole).
Prevention
The measures that can be carried out to prevent this condition are:
 Relax and rest after meals if stress can cause indigestion to the patient.
Therefore, specialists recommend avoiding exercise immediately after
ingestion.
 It is important to allocate enough time for meals, chewing food carefully and
not swallowing hastily.

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If the patient is prone to dyspepsia, it is usually advised to avoid taking medications
such as acetylsalicylic acid and some anti-inflammatories on an empty stomach.
Bibliography
 Working group on CPG. Preparation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in the
National Health System. Methodological Manual. Madrid: National Plan for
the SNS of the MSC. Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences-I + CS; 2007.
Clinical Practice Guidelines in the SNS: I + CS Nº 2006 / 0I
 March Castillejo M, Montaño Barrientos A. The GRADE system for clinical
decision making and the preparation of recommendations and clinical practice
guidelines. Aten Primaria. 2007; 39: 457-60
 Gisbert JP, Alonso-Coello P, Piqué JM. [How can we find, design, and use
clinical practice guidelines?]. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 31: 239-57.