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Clifford Will Washington University Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Conference Penn State University, August 9-11, 2007 On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics
Interferometers Around The World LIGO Hanford 4&2 km LIGO Livingston 4 km GEO Hannover 600 m TAMA Tokyo 300 m Virgo Cascina 3 km
LISA: a space  interferometer for 2018
Inspiralling Compact Binaries - The Workhorse Source ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extremely  accurate theoretical templates needed to maximize detection and parameter estimation Last 4 orbits A chirp waveform Merger waveform Ringdown
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clifford Will, IGC Conference, August 9-11, 2007 On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics PN Theory Rocks!
The post-Newtonian approximation
The problem of motion & radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DIRE: Direct integration of the relaxed Einstein equations Einstein’s Equations “ Relaxed” Einstein’s Equations
PN equations of motion for compact binaries B  F  S W  B  W  W B = Blanchet, Damour, Iyer et al F = Futamase, Itoh S = Schäfer, Jaranowski  W = WUGRAV
Gravitational energy flux for compact binaries W B  W  B  W B  B = Blanchet, Damour, Iyer et al F = Futamase, Itoh S = Schäfer, Jaranowski  W = WUGRAV B  B  Wagoner & CW 76
Clifford Will, IGC Conference, August 9-11, 2007 On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Binary Pulsar:  Is strong gravity “effaced”? Discovery: 1974 Pulse period: 59 ms (16cps) Orbit period: 8 hours -2.4184(9) Orbit Decay (dP b /dt 10 -12 ) 4.2919(8) Pulsar Clock Shifts (ms) 4.226595(5) Periastron Shift (d  /dt  o /yr) Post-Keplerian 0.6171338(4) Eccentricity 0.322997448930(4) Orbit Period (days) 59.029997929613(7) Pulse Period (ms) Keplerian Value Parameter
m p  = 1.4411(7) M sun   m c  = 1.3874(7) M sun PSR 1913+16: Concordance with GR
Decay of the orbit of PSR 1913+16 From Weisberg & Taylor (astro-ph/0407149)
The Double Pulsar ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clifford Will, IGC Conference, August 9-11, 2007 On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Numerical Relativity meets PN Theory (NRm3PN)
Radiation of momentum and the recoil of  massive black holes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How black holes get their kicks Favata,  et al Getting a kick out of numerical relativity Centrella, et al A swift kick in the  as trophysical compact object Boot, Foot, et al Recoiling from general relativists The Abhorrent Collaboration Total recoil: the maximum kick…. Gonzalez  et al
Radiation of momentum to 2PN order Blanchet, Qusailah & CW (2005) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recoil velocity as a function of mass ratio X = 0.38 V max  = 250 ± 50km/s V/c ≈ 0.043 X 2 Blanchet, Qusailah & CW (2005) X=1/10 V = 70 ± 15 km/s
Maximum recoil velocity: Range of Estimates 0 100   200   300   400 Favata, Hughes & Holtz (2004) Campanelli (Lazarus) (2005) Blanchet, Qusailah & CW (2005) Damour & Gopakumar (2006) Baker et al (2006)
Getting a kick from numerical relativity Baker  et al  (GSFC), gr-qc/0603204
The end-game of gravitational radiation reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],T. Mora & CMW, PRD 66, 101501 (2002) (gr-qc/0208089)   PRD 69, 104021 (2004) (gr-qc/0312082) E. Berti, S. Iyer & CMW, PRD 74, 061503 (2006) (gr-qc/0607047)
Ingredients of a PN Diagnostic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Eccentric” orbits in relativistic systems Define “measurable” eccentricity and semilatus rectum: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Eccentric” orbits in relativistic systems. III 3PN ADM energy and angular  momentum at apocenter
How well does the PN expansion converge?
Tidal and rotational effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Corotating Black Holes - Meudon Data
Corotating and Non-Spinning Binary Black Holes Caudill et al Caudill et al Tichy-Brügmann, Lazarus Cook-Pfeiffer, Caudill et al
Energy of Corotating Neutron Stars - Numerical vs. PN Simulations by Miller, Suen & WUGRAV
Energy of irrotational neutron stars - PN vs Meudon/Tokyo Data from Taniguchi & Gourgoulhon PRD 68, 124025 (2003) Diagnostic by Berti, Iyer & CMW (2007)
E b J Inferred eccentricities: irrotational neutron stars
BH - NS Initial Configurations Data from Taniguchi et al, gr-qc/0701110 Grandclement, gr-qc/0609044 [v5]
r ≈ 5M NRm3PN Comparing High-order PN with Numerical Waveforms Baker  et al.  gr-qc/0612024
r ≈ 4.6M NRm3PN Comparing High-order PN with Numerical Waveforms Hannam  et al . arXiv:0706.1305
Reasonable vs. Unreasonable End of PN  validity “ Best” numerical relativity
NRm3PN Current Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clifford Will, IGC Conference, August 9-11, 2007 On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics PN Theory Rocks! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics

  • 1. Clifford Will Washington University Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Conference Penn State University, August 9-11, 2007 On the unreasonable accuracy of the post-Newtonian approximation in gravitational-wave physics
  • 2. Interferometers Around The World LIGO Hanford 4&2 km LIGO Livingston 4 km GEO Hannover 600 m TAMA Tokyo 300 m Virgo Cascina 3 km
  • 3. LISA: a space interferometer for 2018
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 7.
  • 8. DIRE: Direct integration of the relaxed Einstein equations Einstein’s Equations “ Relaxed” Einstein’s Equations
  • 9. PN equations of motion for compact binaries B F S W B W W B = Blanchet, Damour, Iyer et al F = Futamase, Itoh S = Schäfer, Jaranowski W = WUGRAV
  • 10. Gravitational energy flux for compact binaries W B W B W B B = Blanchet, Damour, Iyer et al F = Futamase, Itoh S = Schäfer, Jaranowski W = WUGRAV B B Wagoner & CW 76
  • 11.
  • 12. The Binary Pulsar: Is strong gravity “effaced”? Discovery: 1974 Pulse period: 59 ms (16cps) Orbit period: 8 hours -2.4184(9) Orbit Decay (dP b /dt 10 -12 ) 4.2919(8) Pulsar Clock Shifts (ms) 4.226595(5) Periastron Shift (d  /dt o /yr) Post-Keplerian 0.6171338(4) Eccentricity 0.322997448930(4) Orbit Period (days) 59.029997929613(7) Pulse Period (ms) Keplerian Value Parameter
  • 13. m p = 1.4411(7) M sun m c = 1.3874(7) M sun PSR 1913+16: Concordance with GR
  • 14. Decay of the orbit of PSR 1913+16 From Weisberg & Taylor (astro-ph/0407149)
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Numerical Relativity meets PN Theory (NRm3PN)
  • 18.
  • 19. How black holes get their kicks Favata, et al Getting a kick out of numerical relativity Centrella, et al A swift kick in the as trophysical compact object Boot, Foot, et al Recoiling from general relativists The Abhorrent Collaboration Total recoil: the maximum kick…. Gonzalez et al
  • 20.
  • 21. Recoil velocity as a function of mass ratio X = 0.38 V max = 250 ± 50km/s V/c ≈ 0.043 X 2 Blanchet, Qusailah & CW (2005) X=1/10 V = 70 ± 15 km/s
  • 22. Maximum recoil velocity: Range of Estimates 0 100 200 300 400 Favata, Hughes & Holtz (2004) Campanelli (Lazarus) (2005) Blanchet, Qusailah & CW (2005) Damour & Gopakumar (2006) Baker et al (2006)
  • 23. Getting a kick from numerical relativity Baker et al (GSFC), gr-qc/0603204
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. “ Eccentric” orbits in relativistic systems. III 3PN ADM energy and angular momentum at apocenter
  • 28. How well does the PN expansion converge?
  • 29.
  • 30. Corotating Black Holes - Meudon Data
  • 31. Corotating and Non-Spinning Binary Black Holes Caudill et al Caudill et al Tichy-Brügmann, Lazarus Cook-Pfeiffer, Caudill et al
  • 32. Energy of Corotating Neutron Stars - Numerical vs. PN Simulations by Miller, Suen & WUGRAV
  • 33. Energy of irrotational neutron stars - PN vs Meudon/Tokyo Data from Taniguchi & Gourgoulhon PRD 68, 124025 (2003) Diagnostic by Berti, Iyer & CMW (2007)
  • 34. E b J Inferred eccentricities: irrotational neutron stars
  • 35. BH - NS Initial Configurations Data from Taniguchi et al, gr-qc/0701110 Grandclement, gr-qc/0609044 [v5]
  • 36. r ≈ 5M NRm3PN Comparing High-order PN with Numerical Waveforms Baker et al. gr-qc/0612024
  • 37. r ≈ 4.6M NRm3PN Comparing High-order PN with Numerical Waveforms Hannam et al . arXiv:0706.1305
  • 38. Reasonable vs. Unreasonable End of PN validity “ Best” numerical relativity
  • 39.
  • 40.