Do you think how big companies like google, facebook , adobe, ...etc, are store millians of data and also how they secure all those data. Please watch to know all these actual reality.

1. Presentation By:
 Arth Patel (CE-090)
 Meet Paija (CE-083)

2. What is data center?
 A large group of networked computer servers
typically used by organizations for the remote
storage, processing, or distribution of large
amounts of data.
 They are called “the brain” of the company.

3.  A data center is a facility used to house
computer systems and associated
components, such
as telecommunications and storage systems.
It generally includes backup power supplies,
redundant data communications connections,
environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning,
fire suppression) and various security devices.
 Hence it is just a “centralised” repository
either physical or virtual , for storage and
management of data.

4.  At one time companies needed fast internet
connectivity and non stop operation to
deploy systems and to establish a presence
on the Internet. Installing such equipment
was not viable for many smaller companies.
Many companies started building very large
facilities, called Internet data centers (IDCs),
which provide commercial clients with
solutions for system deployment and
operations.

5.  New technologies and practices were
designed to handle the scale and the
operational requirements of such large-scale
operations. These practices eventually
migrated toward the private data centers, and
were adopted largely because of practical
advantages. Data centers for cloud
computing are called cloud data
centers (CDCs).

6. Data center model

7.  Data centers are used to house large IT
infrastructures. They are commonly operated
by government agencies or large companies to
support the organization’s own business and
also, in the case of cloud providers like SAP, to
provide cloud services for customers.
 A company’s success typically depends on the
smooth operation of its software. This is
guaranteed through the very construction of
the data center, the use of failsafe technology,
and optimized organizational processes.

12.  While the generators
go through a short
start-up phase,
batteries deliver power
so that operations can
continue uninterrupted.
 The diesel
generators then take
over and provide the
complete power supply
for the data center.

13. Batteries can provide
power during short
outages.
When electricity fails
completely, power is
delivered via this
uninterruptible power
supply (UPS) until the
emergency standby
system is active.
The UPS apparatus also
compensates for voltage
fluctuations and
distortions.

14. High-efficiency cooling
units remove the heat
emitted by the air
conditioning system and
release it into the outside
air via heat exchangers on
the roof.

15. Located on the data
center's roof, heat
exchangers release
excess heat from the
turbo-cooling units into
the air.
 When outside
temperatures are high,
the exchangers are
sprinkled with water to
increase the efficiency of
heat dissipation.

16. If a cooling system
should fail, the time
until the backup unit is
operational must be
covered. For this
purpose, the data
center houses six
tanks, each filled with
50,000 liters of ice-
cold water (4°C), to
absorb heat from the
air-conditioning
system.

17. Servers and storage
units are located in SAP
standard racks in
especially secured server
rooms.
The racks are kept in an
enclosed area to enable
optimal cooling.
Server rooms are only
entered sporadically and
for short periods of time.

18. Control stations for the
IT and building security
serve as command central
in the data center.
 All important
information is displayed
here on large screens.
Any variation from
standard operation is
promptly reported.

19.  Other important aspects are:
• Power supply
• Cooling
• Access control
• Internet access
• Automated fire extinguishers
• Whether conditions of the area where data
centers are to be setup.

20.  Redundancy is another critical aspect. For
example, the data center is connected to
two different grid sectors of the local utility
company and has batteries that can cover
short power outages. In addition, diesel
generators provide electricity in an
emergency. The cooling system is built in
such a way to ensure efficient cooling, even
if parts of the equipment fail.
 Redundant connections to the Internet
ensure high availability in the data center.

21.  A tier rating indicates the security level as
defined by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI). On a scale of 1 to 4, SAP’s
data center is designed to exceed the
requirements for a Tier 4 rating.
 Fundamental to the data center is a robust
building with multiple partitions that can
stop the spread of a potential fire.

22.  They are based on tiers.
 Tier 1 to 4 data center is nothing but a
standardized methodology used to define
uptime of data center. This is useful for
measuring:
 a) Data center performance
b) Investment

23.  Single non-redundant distribution path
serving the IT equipment
 Non-redundant capacity components
 Tier 1 (99.671%) status would allow 1729.224
minutes or 28.817 hours

24.  Meets or exceeds all Tier 1 requirements
 Redundant site infrastructure capacity
components with expected availability of
99.741%
 Tier 2 (99.741%) status would allow 1361.304
minutes or 22.688 hours

25.  Meets or exceeds all Tier 2 requirements
 Multiple independent distribution paths
serving the IT equipment
 All IT equipment must be dual-powered and
fully compatible with the topology of a site's
architecture
 Concurrently maintainable site infrastructure
with expected availability of 99.982%
 Tier 3 (99.982%) status would allow 94.608
minutes or 1.5768 hours

26.  Meets or exceeds all Tier 3 requirements
 All cooling equipment is independently dual-
powered, including heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning (HVAC) systems
 Fault-tolerant site infrastructure with
electrical power storage and distribution
facilities with expected availability of 99.995%
 Tier 4 (99.995%) status would allow 26.28
minutes or 0.438 hours

28.  Less heat buildup:
Millions of dollars have gone into the research
and design of heat dissipation and control in
the data center. But the cold, hard fact is, all
of those servers generate heat. The only way
around that? Use fewer servers. How do you
manage that? Virtualization. Virtualize your
servers and you're using less physical
hardware. Use less physical hardware and you
generate less heat. Generate less heat in your
data center and a host of issues go away.

29.  Reduced cost:
Hardware is most often the highest cost in the
data center. Reduce the amount of hardware used
and you reduce your cost.
 Easier backups:
Not only can you do full backups of your virtual
server, you can do backups and snapshots of your
virtual machines. These virtual machines can be
moved from one server to another and redeployed
easier and faster.

30.  Better testing:
What better testing environment is there than a
virtual one? If you make a tragic mistake, all is
not lost. Just revert to a previous snapshot and
you can move forward as if the mistake didn't
even happen.
 Faster redeploy:
When you use a physical server and it dies, the
redeploy time depends on a number of factors:
Do you have a backup server ready? With
virtualization, the redeploy can occur within
minutes

31.  Its harder to find a proper location for data
center setup as its are is continuously
increasing with the increase of data size.
 Power consumption is in high amount.
 Too much dissipation of heat.
 More Efficient cooling system is required.
 Small error in the whole system is
equivalent to find a pin in the hay.
 As data must be secured, Security becomes
issue sometimes.

32.  There are about 3 million data centers in the
United States. That’s 1 data center for every 100
people. Scattered across the nation, these energy
intensive complexes require a lot of power and
electricity to run the internet—at big costs.
 Data center energy use has grown rapidly in
recent years. And it’s expected to continue to
grow. In 2013, U.S. data centers consumed about
100 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity,
representing more than 2% of all U.S. electricity
use.

33.  Data centers provide an opportunity for improving
U.S. energy efficiency. If all U.S. data centers were
20% more efficient, we could save more than 20
billion kWh by 2020 as a nation. That translates to
roughly $2 billion in cost savings.
 A significant percentage of government electricity
usage comes from data centers. The Department of
Energy estimates that 10 percent of the federal
government’s electricity use goes to data centers.

34.  Google Data Center:
 At last count, Google has approximately 16
data centers throughout the world. Per a
recent estimate conducted by Microsoft,
Google has around 900,000 servers in all its
data centers based in world. Google’s data
centers use around 260 million watts of
power which accounts to 0.01% of global
energy. This power is enough to consistently
power 200,000 homes.