2. Contents of
this lecture:
Source
Life cycle
Occurrence
Signs in plants
Ergot alkaloids
Mechanism of action
Signs and symptoms of poisoning
Discovery of ergotism
Fatality
Treatment
Post mortem appearance
ML Aspects
3. Source:
The sclerotium
of a parasitic
fungus (Claviceps
purpura), is
known as ergot.
Ascomycete fungus;
makes a hard black
elongated structure
6. SIGNS OF ERGOT IN PLANTS
Signs of ergot first appear as droplets of a sticky
exudate (called honeydew) on immature grain
heads.
Honeydew contains asexual spores of the
ergot fungus.
insects are attracted to honeydew and can carry
spores from infected to healthy plants.
After approximately two weeks, infected grains
are replaced by dark, compact fungal structures
(called sclerotia).
9. MECHANISM OF ACTION
(2 types of actions)
EFFECT ON CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Some ergot alkaloids have a
vasoconstrictor effect on
circulatory system
EFFECT ON NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Some ergot alkaloids have
serotonergic effect on
nervous system
11. 1)ACUTE ERGOT POISONING
(rare case)
Vasoconstrictor effects Serotonergic effects
Leading to smooth muscle
contractions
• Tingling in hands and feet
• Cold feeling
• Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea
• Muscle cramps
• Abortion in cases of pregnancy
• Hemorrhages in uterus
• Pain in abdomen
12. CHRONIC ERGOT POISONING
AKA Ergotism
(was common in the past)
The common name for ergotism is
"St. Anthony's Fire"
in reference to an order of monks (cases of 1905) and the
severe burning sensations in the limbs which was one of the
symptoms.
13. CHRONIC ERGOT POISONING (2 TYPES)
GANGRENOUS FORM
(due to vasoconstrictive effect)
CONVULSIVE FORM
(due to seretonergic effect)
• Resmbles Ranaud's Disease
• Numbness
• Gangrene of
fingers,toes,ears,nose,intestine(causing ulcers)
• marked by violent burning
• absent peripheral pulses s
• shooting pain of the poorly vascularized distal
organs, such as the fingers and toes
• loss of limbs due to severely restricted blood
circulation.
• Painful tonic contraction of volountary
muscles
• muscle spasms,
• fever and hallucinations and
• the victims may appear dazed, be unable to
speak, become manic,
• or have other forms of paralysis or tremors,
and suffer from hallucinations and other
distorted perceptions.
• formication
15. Saint Anthony's
fire
In 1722, A Russian Tzar Peter the Great was
thwarted in his campaign against the Ottoman Empire
as his army, traveling down the Terek steppe, were
struck by ergotism and were forced to retreat in
order to find edible grains. A diary entry from the
time describes that as soon as people ate the
poisoned bread they became dizzy, with such strong
nerve contractions that those who did not die from
the first day found their hands and feet falling off,
akin to frostbite. The epidemic was known as Saint
Anthony's fire or ignis sacer,
17. TREATMENT
ACUTE CHRONIC
• Stomach wash
• Purgatives
• (main focus is to
remove the ergot
alkaloids from
stomach and bowel
cuz there is no
antidote)
• Remove the source
• discontinuance of the
drugs(having
ergotamine etc used
for migraine),
of caffeine, and of
cigarettes
• Symptomatic
treatment
• Phenobarbitol
• vasodilators
18. Post-mortem appearance
Mycelium or sclerota can be detected in
stomach.
Gangrene of toes and fingers
There can be congestion of internal
organs
20. POSITIVE ASPECTS NEGATIVE ASPECTS
Ergotamine:
• It is used medicinally for
treatment of acute migraine
attacks (sometimes in
combination with caffeine)
• to induce childbirth
• prevent post-partum
haemorrhage
• They have also been used and
misused as abortifacients (agents of
abortion).
• LSD, abbreviation of lysergic acid
diethylamide, also called lysergide,
potent synthetic hallucinogenic drug
that can be derived from
the ergot alkaloids
