The 18th century in England, also known as the Augustan age, was a period of relative peace and prosperity. This was due to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with a Prime Minister and Cabinet governing alongside the monarch. The old aristocracy and Church of England largely supported the Tory party, while the Whig party opposed absolute rule. Several events impacted Britain internationally, including the loss of the American colonies, French Revolution, conflicts in Scotland and Ireland.

1. The Agustan age
Whigs and Tories
Scotland
The Hanoverian Kings
The International Scene

3.  heralded a period of relative
domestic peace and prosperity

5. GOVERNMENT
The Augustan Age
Why is the eighteenth century
referred to by critics and
historians as the Augustan age?

6. This is due to
its similarities
with the era of
the Roman
emperor
Augustos who
initiated an era
relative peace
and wealthy.

7. Prime Minister
Constitional
monarcyUnder this
system, the king or queen
formally appointed
ministers,but they were
then answerable to
parliament.
The ministers formed a
Cabinet that made major
policy decisions.

8. The old aristocracy
The middle classes
 and Church of England
The term ‘Tories’ is still
used to refer to the
Conservative party
Held a mojority in
parliament
Their origin lay in
the Tories supported a
stronger monarchy
constitutional
monarchism and
opposition to
absolute rule.

10.  George I came to
the throne and
started the
dynasty of the
House of
Hanover.
 House of Hanover
is a German royal
dynasty.

11.  George I became the first British
monarch of the House of Hanover.
 WHY WAS HE CHOSEN ?
 He was the closest Protestant heir
to the throne

12.  The period was one of political stability, and the
development of constitutional monarchy.
 Great Whig families dominated politics.
 The most eminent politician of time was Britain's first
Prime Minister, Robert Walpole.
 Britain came to acquire much of her overseas
empire, despite the loss of the American colonies.

13.  Scotland
Scotland and England were united as ‘Great Britain’
and were to be governed under one parliament.
II. The unification of England and Scotland was not
universally accepted north of the border.
III. A rebel movement grew and fought for Scottish
independence.
IV. Scotland was finally defeated at the battle of
Culloden
I.

14.  The loss of American colonies
Reason:The British Parliament insisted it had the right to
tax colonists to finance the colonies' military defense,
which had become increasingly expensive due to the
French and IndianWars The colonists claimed that, as they
were British subjects, taxation without representation in
Parliament was illegal. The American colonists formed a
unifying Continental Congress and a shadow government
in each colony.
Result: American victory and European recognition
of the independence of the United States, with
mixed results for the other powers.

15.  French revolution war
 Reason: polemical declarations that any populace
wishing to dispose of its rulers would be assisted by
French forces.
 Result:end of any possibility of reforming England

16. Ireland
 Reason:American War of
Independence and The French
Revolution proved to be an
important influnced on Irish
politics
 Result:Roman Catholic Relief
Act 1791 helped Catholics relieve
about certain
political, educational, and
economic disabilities.

17.  Choose the correct option
1) During the 18th century, The England passed
a) a new century of peace, stability and prosperity
b) A new century of war,instability and poverty
Answer : a
2)
in England heralded a period of peace
and prosperity.
a) Act of Union
b) Glorious or Bloodless Revolution
Answer:b

18. 3) the king or queen formally appointed
ministers,but they were then answerable to
parliament.What kind of monarchy?
a) Absolute monarchy
b) Constitional monarchy
Answer:b
4)Tories were supported by
a) The old aristocracy and Church of England
b)Middle classes
Answer:a

19. 5) Their origin lay in constitutional
monarchism and opposition to absolute
rule.
a) Tories
b) Whigs
Answer:b
6) House of Hanover is
a) A German royal dynasty
b) An English royal dynasty
Answer:a