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BOOSTED BOUNCE :
RÔLE DES FRÉQUENCES SPATIALES
DANS L’ATTENTIONAL BLINK
Sous la direction de
Pr. Mermillod Martial & Beffara Brice, doctorant
Perrier Mickaël
M1 Psychologie Cognitive et Sociale
25 Juin 2015
PLAN
Introduction
Hypothèses
Expérience
Méthode
Résultats
Discussion
INTRODUCTION
CERVEAU PRÉDICTIF
Modèle de Bar
(Bar, 2003 ; Bar et al., 2006; Bar, 2009b)
• Prédiction:Activation de candidats par
Basses fréquences spatiales (BFS)
• BFS → Cortex orbito-frontal (OFC)
• BFS → Cortex pré-frontal médian (MPFC)
• Anticipation: Facilitation “top-down” des
Hautes fréquences spatiales (HFS)
• OFC → Cortex inféro-temporal (IT)
➡ Conscience: Importance des modulations
“top-down” (Panichello, Cheung, & Bar, 2013, p. 6)
3
> 80 ms
> 130 ms
INTRODUCTION
PROBLÉMATIQUE
L’Anticipation est-elle une base de la conscience ?
Permet-elle son émergence ?
4
INTRODUCTION
ATTENTIONAL BLINK
Rapid SerialVisual Presentation
(RSVP)
• SOA ± 100 ms
• Lag = intervalle entre les cibles
Lag→ 200 < Lag < 500 ms
• Distracteurs
‣ Nécessaires (e.g.,Ward, Duncan, & Shapiro,
1997)
‣ Modulent (e.g., Müsch et al., 2012)
Propotionreportcorrect(%)
0 %
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
Lag inter-cibles (ms)
Lag 0 Lag 2 Lag 4 Lag 6 Lag 8
T1 T2
5
Figure 2. Données typiques
1
B
3
tem
ps
T1
T2
lag
A
7
5100 ms
+
100 ms
100 ms
100 ms
100 ms
100 ms
Figure 1. Procédure typique (lag 2)
ATTENTIONAL BLINK
Modèle “Boost & Bounce”
Olivers & Meeter (2008)
1. Traitements perceptifs
2. Mémoire de travail: “Template matching”
‣ Boost: représentations pertinentes
‣ Bounce: représentations non pertinentes
‣ Dynamique: pic à 100 ms
6
ATTENTIONAL BLINK
Mécanismes du B&B
7
T1
ATTENTIONAL BLINK
Mécanismes du B&B
8
Distracteur
ATTENTIONAL BLINK
Mécanismes du B&B
9
T2
INTRODUCTION
OUTRO DE L’INTRO
• Modèle de Bar
• Anticipation par BFS → Orientation d’ « attention »
• Modèle Boost & Bounce
• Conscience modulée par orientation d’attention
10
INTRODUCTION
QUESTION DE RECHERCHE
Les fréquences spatiales peuvent-elles moduler
l’attentional blink ?
11
HYPOTHÈSES
12
%reportdeT2
0 %
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
Lag 1
86 ms
Lag 3
258 ms
Lag 8
688 ms
NF
BFS
HFS
Masque
Figure 3. Report moyen attendu deT2
MÉTHODE
STIMULI
Kauffmann et al. (2015)
• 20 scènes intérieures + 20 extérieures
- 1024 × 768 pixels, 24 × 18°
- Spectre d’amplitude similaire
- Distribution d’énergie similaire
• BFS < 0.5 cpd —12 cycles par image
• HFS > 3 cpd — 71 cycles par image
13
MÉTHODE
PROCÉDURE
• SOA ± 83 ms
• Tâche 1: IdentifierT1
‣ Onset: après 4 ou 6 dis.
• Tâche 2: IdentifierT2
‣ Onset: après 0, 2, ou 7 dis.
• Ditsracteurs inter-cibles:
• Non filtrés (NF)
• Basses fréquences (BFS)
• Hautes fréquences (HFS)
• Masque
14
…
…
…
time
T1
T2
lag
…
…
…
+
83 ms
1000 ms
4000 ms
4000 ms
MÉTHODE
PROCÉDURE
• 480 essais, 20 minutes
• 10 essais
d’entraînement
‣ 5 essais sans-T2-sans
distracteurs
‣ 5 essais lag-7-condition-
masque
15
…
…
…
time
T1
T2
lag
…
…
…
+
83 ms
1000 ms
4000 ms
4000 ms
MÉTHODE
VARIABLES
• 43 participants (vue normale ou corrigée)
• VI1: Lag, 1 / 3 / 8 (SOA, 83 / 249 / 664 ms) — intra
• VI2: Distracteurs, NF / BFS / HFS / masque — intra
• VD1: Report deT1
• VD2: Report deT2
16
RÉSULTATS
• ANOVA (S43 × L3 × D4)
Lag
F(1.63, 68.38) = 110.4, p < .001
Distracteur
F(3, 126) = 13.97, p < .001
Interaction
F(6, 252) = 7.09, p < .001
17
Figure 4. Report moyen deT2
ProportiondeT2rappelé
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8
NF BFS HFS Masque
RÉSULTATS
• t-tests pour échantillons appariés
Lag 3: BFS vs. HFS
t(42) = −3.85, p < .001
Lag 8: BFS vs. HFS
t(42) = 3.57, p < .001
Lag 3: NF vs. BFS
t(42) = −1.34, p = .19
Lag 8: HFS vs. Masque
t(42) = 2.29, p = .027
18
Figure 4. Report moyen deT2
ProportiondeT2rappelé
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8
NF BFS HFS Masque
ProportiondeT2rappelé
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8
NF BFS HFS Masque
ProportiondeT2rappelé
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8
NF BFS HFS Masque
ProportiondeT2rappelé
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8
NF BFS HFS Masque
DISCUSSION
• Lag 3: BFS < HFS
‣ BFS modulent processus visuo-attentionnel
‣ “Anticipation” participe à la conscience
• Lag 8: BFS > HFS
‣ Hypothèse dynamique “coarse-to-
fine” (Schyns & Oliva, 1994)
• Suite:
‣ Plus de lags
‣ Blink cross-modal
%reportdeT2
0 %
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 5 Lag 7
NF BFS HFS
Figure 5. Hypothèse “coarse-to-fine”
MERCI CAROLE
DE
VOTRE
PRÉSENCE
MERCI M&B
DE
VOTRE
ENCADREMENT
MERCI
DE
VOTRE
ATTENTION
RÉFÉRENCES
1. Bar. (2009).The proactive brain: memory for
predictions. Philosophical Transactions of The
Royal Society B.
2. den Ouden, Kok, & de Lange. (2012). How
predictions errors shape perception,
attention, and motivation. Frontiers in
Psychology.
3. Bar. (2003).A cortical mechanism for
triggering top-down facilitation in visual object
recognition. Journal of cognitive Neuroscience.
4. Bar, et al. (2006)Top-down facilitation of
visual recognition. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences.
5. Panichello, Cheung, & Bar. (2013). Predictive
feedback and conscious visual experience.
Frontiers in Psychology.
6. Ward, Duncan, & Shapiro. (1997). Effects of
similarity, difficulty, and nontarget presentation
on the time course of visual attention.
Perception & Psychophysics.
7. Müsch, Engel, & Schneider. (2012). On the
blink:The importance of target-distractor
similarity in eliciting an attentional blink with
faces. PLoS One.
8. Olivers & Meeter. (2008).A Boost and
bounce theory of temporal attention.
Psychological Review.
9. Schyns. & Oliva. (1994). From blobs to
boundary edges: evidence for time- and
spatial-scale-dependent scene recognition.
Psychological Science.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk
NF 1 0,016 0,364
NF 3 0,001 0,073
NF 8 0,038 0,071
BSF 1 0,034 0,123
BFS 3 0,023 0,060
BFS 8 0,200 0,205
HFS 1 0,023 0,334
HFS 3 0,200 0,108
HFS 8 0,014 0,025
MASK 1 0,005 0,060
MASK 3 0,200 0,055
MASK 8 0,200 0,675
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk
NF 1 0,017 0,001
NF 3 0,062 0,003
NF 8 0,171 0,014
BSF 1 0,018 0,000
BFS 3 0,135 0,024
BFS 8 0,049 0,008
HFS 1 0,038 0,000
HFS 3 0,167 0,007
HFS 8 0,200 0,027
MASK 1 0,163 0,008
MASK 3 0,025 0,002
MASK 8 0,200 0,459
ANALYSES
• Données surT2|T1
• Données surT2
• Test de Grubb: p = .001
ANOVA
Source SCobs ddl MCobs Fobs
S SCSobs n − 1
A SCAobs r − 1 MCAobs FA obs
AS SC(AS)obs (r − 1)(n − 1) MC(AS)obs
B SCBobs c − 1 MCBobs FB obs
BS SC(BS)obs (c − 1)(n − 1) MC(BS)obs
AB SC(AB)obs (r − 1)(c − 1) MC(AB)obs FAB obs
R SCRobs (r − 1)(c − 1)(n − 1) MCRobs
Total SCTobs N − 1
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 Μ
NF 0,45 0,21 0,49 0,38
BFS 0,42 0,23 0,56 0,40
HFS 0,45 0,31 0,49 0,42
Mask 0,41 0,20 0,44 0,35
Μ 0,43 0,24 0,50
ANOVA
Source SCobs
S SCSobs
A SCAobs
AS SC(AS)obs
B SCBobs
BS SC(BS)obs
AB SC(AB)obs
R SCRobs
Total SCTobs
SCAobs = nc (y0i0 - y)2
j = 1
r
|
SCBobs = nr (y00j - y)2
j = 1
c
|
SC(AB)obs = SC(A # B)obs - SCAobs - SCBobs
SC(A # B)obs = n (y0ij - y)2
j = 1
c
|
i = 1
r
|
TESTS NON-PARAMÉTRIQUES
Test de Friedman: p < .001
Tests de Wilcoxon:
BFS 3 vs. HFS 3:
Z = −2.206, p = .017
BFS 8 vs. HFS 8:
Z = −2.387, p = .002
NF 3 vs. BFS 3:
Z = −3.078, p = .027
HFS 8 vs. Masque 8:
Z = −2.074, p = .038
ProportiondeT2rappelé
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8
NF BFS HFS Masque
Figure 5. Report moyen deT2|T1

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French Presentation - Bachelor's thesis

  • 1. BOOSTED BOUNCE : RÔLE DES FRÉQUENCES SPATIALES DANS L’ATTENTIONAL BLINK Sous la direction de Pr. Mermillod Martial & Beffara Brice, doctorant Perrier Mickaël M1 Psychologie Cognitive et Sociale 25 Juin 2015
  • 3. INTRODUCTION CERVEAU PRÉDICTIF Modèle de Bar (Bar, 2003 ; Bar et al., 2006; Bar, 2009b) • Prédiction:Activation de candidats par Basses fréquences spatiales (BFS) • BFS → Cortex orbito-frontal (OFC) • BFS → Cortex pré-frontal médian (MPFC) • Anticipation: Facilitation “top-down” des Hautes fréquences spatiales (HFS) • OFC → Cortex inféro-temporal (IT) ➡ Conscience: Importance des modulations “top-down” (Panichello, Cheung, & Bar, 2013, p. 6) 3 > 80 ms > 130 ms
  • 4. INTRODUCTION PROBLÉMATIQUE L’Anticipation est-elle une base de la conscience ? Permet-elle son émergence ? 4
  • 5. INTRODUCTION ATTENTIONAL BLINK Rapid SerialVisual Presentation (RSVP) • SOA ± 100 ms • Lag = intervalle entre les cibles Lag→ 200 < Lag < 500 ms • Distracteurs ‣ Nécessaires (e.g.,Ward, Duncan, & Shapiro, 1997) ‣ Modulent (e.g., Müsch et al., 2012) Propotionreportcorrect(%) 0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 % Lag inter-cibles (ms) Lag 0 Lag 2 Lag 4 Lag 6 Lag 8 T1 T2 5 Figure 2. Données typiques 1 B 3 tem ps T1 T2 lag A 7 5100 ms + 100 ms 100 ms 100 ms 100 ms 100 ms Figure 1. Procédure typique (lag 2)
  • 6. ATTENTIONAL BLINK Modèle “Boost & Bounce” Olivers & Meeter (2008) 1. Traitements perceptifs 2. Mémoire de travail: “Template matching” ‣ Boost: représentations pertinentes ‣ Bounce: représentations non pertinentes ‣ Dynamique: pic à 100 ms 6
  • 10. INTRODUCTION OUTRO DE L’INTRO • Modèle de Bar • Anticipation par BFS → Orientation d’ « attention » • Modèle Boost & Bounce • Conscience modulée par orientation d’attention 10
  • 11. INTRODUCTION QUESTION DE RECHERCHE Les fréquences spatiales peuvent-elles moduler l’attentional blink ? 11
  • 12. HYPOTHÈSES 12 %reportdeT2 0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 % Lag 1 86 ms Lag 3 258 ms Lag 8 688 ms NF BFS HFS Masque Figure 3. Report moyen attendu deT2
  • 13. MÉTHODE STIMULI Kauffmann et al. (2015) • 20 scènes intérieures + 20 extérieures - 1024 × 768 pixels, 24 × 18° - Spectre d’amplitude similaire - Distribution d’énergie similaire • BFS < 0.5 cpd —12 cycles par image • HFS > 3 cpd — 71 cycles par image 13
  • 14. MÉTHODE PROCÉDURE • SOA ± 83 ms • Tâche 1: IdentifierT1 ‣ Onset: après 4 ou 6 dis. • Tâche 2: IdentifierT2 ‣ Onset: après 0, 2, ou 7 dis. • Ditsracteurs inter-cibles: • Non filtrés (NF) • Basses fréquences (BFS) • Hautes fréquences (HFS) • Masque 14 … … … time T1 T2 lag … … … + 83 ms 1000 ms 4000 ms 4000 ms
  • 15. MÉTHODE PROCÉDURE • 480 essais, 20 minutes • 10 essais d’entraînement ‣ 5 essais sans-T2-sans distracteurs ‣ 5 essais lag-7-condition- masque 15 … … … time T1 T2 lag … … … + 83 ms 1000 ms 4000 ms 4000 ms
  • 16. MÉTHODE VARIABLES • 43 participants (vue normale ou corrigée) • VI1: Lag, 1 / 3 / 8 (SOA, 83 / 249 / 664 ms) — intra • VI2: Distracteurs, NF / BFS / HFS / masque — intra • VD1: Report deT1 • VD2: Report deT2 16
  • 17. RÉSULTATS • ANOVA (S43 × L3 × D4) Lag F(1.63, 68.38) = 110.4, p < .001 Distracteur F(3, 126) = 13.97, p < .001 Interaction F(6, 252) = 7.09, p < .001 17 Figure 4. Report moyen deT2 ProportiondeT2rappelé 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 NF BFS HFS Masque
  • 18. RÉSULTATS • t-tests pour échantillons appariés Lag 3: BFS vs. HFS t(42) = −3.85, p < .001 Lag 8: BFS vs. HFS t(42) = 3.57, p < .001 Lag 3: NF vs. BFS t(42) = −1.34, p = .19 Lag 8: HFS vs. Masque t(42) = 2.29, p = .027 18 Figure 4. Report moyen deT2 ProportiondeT2rappelé 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 NF BFS HFS Masque ProportiondeT2rappelé 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 NF BFS HFS Masque ProportiondeT2rappelé 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 NF BFS HFS Masque ProportiondeT2rappelé 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 NF BFS HFS Masque
  • 19. DISCUSSION • Lag 3: BFS < HFS ‣ BFS modulent processus visuo-attentionnel ‣ “Anticipation” participe à la conscience • Lag 8: BFS > HFS ‣ Hypothèse dynamique “coarse-to- fine” (Schyns & Oliva, 1994) • Suite: ‣ Plus de lags ‣ Blink cross-modal %reportdeT2 0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 % Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 5 Lag 7 NF BFS HFS Figure 5. Hypothèse “coarse-to-fine”
  • 21. RÉFÉRENCES 1. Bar. (2009).The proactive brain: memory for predictions. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B. 2. den Ouden, Kok, & de Lange. (2012). How predictions errors shape perception, attention, and motivation. Frontiers in Psychology. 3. Bar. (2003).A cortical mechanism for triggering top-down facilitation in visual object recognition. Journal of cognitive Neuroscience. 4. Bar, et al. (2006)Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 5. Panichello, Cheung, & Bar. (2013). Predictive feedback and conscious visual experience. Frontiers in Psychology. 6. Ward, Duncan, & Shapiro. (1997). Effects of similarity, difficulty, and nontarget presentation on the time course of visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics. 7. Müsch, Engel, & Schneider. (2012). On the blink:The importance of target-distractor similarity in eliciting an attentional blink with faces. PLoS One. 8. Olivers & Meeter. (2008).A Boost and bounce theory of temporal attention. Psychological Review. 9. Schyns. & Oliva. (1994). From blobs to boundary edges: evidence for time- and spatial-scale-dependent scene recognition. Psychological Science.
  • 22. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk NF 1 0,016 0,364 NF 3 0,001 0,073 NF 8 0,038 0,071 BSF 1 0,034 0,123 BFS 3 0,023 0,060 BFS 8 0,200 0,205 HFS 1 0,023 0,334 HFS 3 0,200 0,108 HFS 8 0,014 0,025 MASK 1 0,005 0,060 MASK 3 0,200 0,055 MASK 8 0,200 0,675 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk NF 1 0,017 0,001 NF 3 0,062 0,003 NF 8 0,171 0,014 BSF 1 0,018 0,000 BFS 3 0,135 0,024 BFS 8 0,049 0,008 HFS 1 0,038 0,000 HFS 3 0,167 0,007 HFS 8 0,200 0,027 MASK 1 0,163 0,008 MASK 3 0,025 0,002 MASK 8 0,200 0,459 ANALYSES • Données surT2|T1 • Données surT2 • Test de Grubb: p = .001
  • 23. ANOVA Source SCobs ddl MCobs Fobs S SCSobs n − 1 A SCAobs r − 1 MCAobs FA obs AS SC(AS)obs (r − 1)(n − 1) MC(AS)obs B SCBobs c − 1 MCBobs FB obs BS SC(BS)obs (c − 1)(n − 1) MC(BS)obs AB SC(AB)obs (r − 1)(c − 1) MC(AB)obs FAB obs R SCRobs (r − 1)(c − 1)(n − 1) MCRobs Total SCTobs N − 1
  • 24. Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 Μ NF 0,45 0,21 0,49 0,38 BFS 0,42 0,23 0,56 0,40 HFS 0,45 0,31 0,49 0,42 Mask 0,41 0,20 0,44 0,35 Μ 0,43 0,24 0,50 ANOVA Source SCobs S SCSobs A SCAobs AS SC(AS)obs B SCBobs BS SC(BS)obs AB SC(AB)obs R SCRobs Total SCTobs SCAobs = nc (y0i0 - y)2 j = 1 r | SCBobs = nr (y00j - y)2 j = 1 c | SC(AB)obs = SC(A # B)obs - SCAobs - SCBobs SC(A # B)obs = n (y0ij - y)2 j = 1 c | i = 1 r |
  • 25. TESTS NON-PARAMÉTRIQUES Test de Friedman: p < .001 Tests de Wilcoxon: BFS 3 vs. HFS 3: Z = −2.206, p = .017 BFS 8 vs. HFS 8: Z = −2.387, p = .002 NF 3 vs. BFS 3: Z = −3.078, p = .027 HFS 8 vs. Masque 8: Z = −2.074, p = .038 ProportiondeT2rappelé 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 Lag 1 Lag 3 Lag 8 NF BFS HFS Masque Figure 5. Report moyen deT2|T1