Slide 1
Japan has limited domestic energy resources . It meets less than 10% of its own total primary energy use from domestic sources. It is the third largest oil consumer and importer in the world behind the United States and China. Furthermore, it ranks as the world's largest importer of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and second largest importer of coal behind China. How does this affect energy flows?
Slide 2
You can see the sankley diagram on this slide. On the left side you can see all the main inputs and on the right side - main outputs. There are 2 key points on this diagram. First - notice the huge difference in production and import. Less than 1% of all oil and about 3% of gas are actually produce by Japan. Everything else is imported. The second point is about losses: they are almost 25% of total consumption. And this is in the country that is one of the most efficient one.
You may ask a question, how this huge amounts of energy are delivered to final customers?
Slide 3
Pipelines
For a consumer of its size, Japan has a relatively limited domestic oil pipeline transmission system. Crude oil and petroleum products are delivered to consumers mainly by coastal tankers and tank trucks, and, to a lesser degree, by railroad tankers and pipelines.
Russia's Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean pipeline (ESPO), a 2,900 mile pipeline running from Siberia, to the Kozmino Bay Oil Terminal on the Pacific Ocean, has sent crude oil to Japan since 2009. Since then, Japan significantly raised crude oil imports from Russia, which now contributes around 4% of Japan's total imports.
National grid
Unlike most other industrial countries, Japan doesn't have a single national grid but instead has separate eastern and western grids. The grids operate at different frequencies: 50 Hz in Eastern Japan and 60 Hz in Western Japan. The grids are connected together by 3 frequency converter stations (Higashi-Shimizu, Shin Shinano and Sakuma), but these can only handle 1 GW
The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami resulted in 11 reactors being taken offline with a loss of 9.7GW. The 3 converter stations did not have the capacity to transfer enough power from Japan's western power grid to significantly help the eastern grid.
The two grids were originally developed by separate companies. Tokyo Electric Light Co was established in 1883 which also established electric power in Japan. In 1885 demand had grown enough that TELCO bought generation equipment from AEG of Germany. The same happened in the western parts of Japan with General Electric being the supplier to Osaka Electric Lamp. GE's equipment used the US standard 60 Hz while AEG's equipment used the European standard of 50 Hz.
Slide 4
In conclusion, Japan is one of the leading nations of economic and technological development. It is also the third energy consumer in the world. This facts and lack of natural resources makes Japan import more than 90% of its energy, which makes Japan very vulnera
Japan has limited domestic energy resources. It meets less than 10% of its own total primary energy use from domestic sources. It is the third largest oil consumer and importer in the world behind the United States and China. Furthermore, it ranks as the world's largest importer of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and second largest importer of coal behind China.
' Type a list of Flows, like this:
' SOURCE [AMOUNT] TARGET
' Examples:
Oil production [0.6] Oil products
Oil Import [182.4] Oil products
Oil products import [51.8] Oil products
Coal import [113.2] Coal
Gas import [102] Power stations
Gas production [3.1] Power stations
Oil products [20.9] Industry
Oil products [72.9] Transport
Oil products [32.8] Other
Oil products [36.8] Non-energy use
Coal [26.8] Industry
Coal [62.5] Power stations
Power stations [88.2] Electricity consumption
Power stations [103.4] Losses
' After all your Flows are entered, use
' the controls below to customize the
' diagram's appearance.
' For even finer control over presentation,
' see the Manual.
Pipelines
For a consumer of its size, Japan has a relatively limited domestic oil pipeline transmission system. Crude oil and petroleum products are delivered to consumers mainly by coastal tankers and tank trucks, and, to a lesser degree, by railroad tankers and pipelines.
Russia's Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean pipeline (ESPO), a 2,900 mile pipeline running from Taishet, Siberia, to the Kozmino Bay Oil Terminal on the Pacific Ocean, has sent crude oil to Japan since 2009. Since then, Japan significantly raised crude oil imports from Russia, which now contributes around 4% of Japan's total imports.
National grid
Unlike most other industrial countries, Japan doesn't have a single national grid but instead has separate eastern and western grids. The standard voltage at power outlets is 100 V, but the grids operate at different frequencies: 50 Hz in Eastern Japan and 60 Hz in Western Japan.[18] The grids are connected together by 3 frequency converter stations (Higashi-Shimizu, Shin Shinano and Sakuma), but these can only handle 1 GW.[19] A converter station also exists at Minami-Fukumitsu. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami resulted in 11 reactors being taken offline with a loss of 9.7GW.[19] The 3 converter stations did not have the capacity to transfer enough power from Japan's western power grid to significantly help the eastern grid.
The two grids were originally developed by separate companies. Tokyo Electric Light Co was established in 1883 which also established electric power in Japan. In 1885 demand had grown enough that TELCO bought generation equipment from AEG of Germany.[19] The same happened in the western parts of Japan with General Electric being the supplier to Osaka Electric Lamp.[19] GE's equipment used the US standard 60 Hz while AEG's equipment used the European standard of 50 Hz.[19]
