A-Level Sports Psychology

1. Personality and Attitude A-Level Sports Psychology Miss Bowe

2. Last Week … Introduction to personality theories Definepersonality Explainthe difference between nature and nurture Describe the different personality theories Trait Theories Social Learning Theories Interactionist Theories

3. What do we remember? TASK (5 minutes) Using the spider diagram on your hand-out Write down anything you remember from last week Nature vs Nurture Last Week On Personality

4. This Week … You should now be able to Explain the three key theories of personality Trait Theories Social Learning Theories Interactionist Theories List ways of testing personality Explainattitude and its three components Discusshow attitude can influence behaviour Give examples ofprejudice and stereotyping in sport

6. how people relate to each other

7. how people act or reacttodeal with different situationsNature vs Nurture Are we born with our characteristics? Can they be learnt or changed?

8. Trait Theory personality is heredity and is passed onthrough genetics Social Learning Theory personality is learned through environmental influences Interactionist Theory personality is a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Recap … the theories

10. More easily stressed, who does not accept failure easily, and expects the most in others.

11. Type B personality is exactly the opposite of a Type A.

13. Interactionist Personality Theory Interactionists believe B= f (P,E) What does this mean? Behaviour as a function of personality traits and environmental conditions This can be seen as a combination of the best bits of Trait Theory and Social Learning Theory

14. Measuring Personality How do we measure personality? Observations … charlotte Interviews … chris Questionnaires … me

16. not directly related to performance

17. rigidly and systematically set out

18. transient feelings or attitudes may be expressed

19. able to quantify accurately

20. would not be influenced by another

23. depression

24. fatigue

26. depression

27. fatigue

28. confusion and LOW vigour

29. Attitude Developing a positive attitude is vital for sporting success Simply having a positive attitude is good for you! e.g. a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle a negative attitude towards a healthy lifestyle

30. Defining attitude Attitude is like personality … It is hard to measure directly Includes different perspectives or beliefs For example an attitude can be Positive or negative Subjective and evaluative Stable and enduring Developed by experiences Linked to a situation or item

31. Defining attitude Trandis (1971) ‘ideas charged with emotion (positive or negative) which automatically result an action to a particular social situation.’ Attitude Object Linked to a situation or item Focus of an individuals attitude Can you think of an example?People, objects, events, ideas

32. Three Components of Attitude Cognitive component What a person thinks or believes about an attitude object e.g. I believe that jogging is good for me and helps me keep fit Affective component What a person feels about the attitude object, their emotions e.g. I enjoy keeping fit an healthy, it makes me feel good Behavioural component How a person acts or intends to act towards the attitude object e.g. I go jogging three times a week and encourage my friends to

33. How is an attitude formed? TASK (10 minutes)Give examples of how an attitude is formed using the example below from the four categories of attitude objects; A person e.g. Lady Gaga/Wayne Rooney An object e.g. Facebook An event e.g. Giving a Speech/Karaoke An idea e.g. Revision Day We have a belief … the cognitive component Then an emotion … the affective component Finally action or intent … the behavioural component

34. General vs Specific Our general attitude towards something will not be a true determinant of our actual behaviour. We must be specific in our Thoughts Feelings Actions If you want to be a professional footballer or represent your country in the next Olympic Games you must be specific.

35. Attitude and Sporting Excellence Beth Tweddle doesn’t just enjoy gymnastics … She knows she is an elite Olympic athlete She remembers what it feels like to win an Olympic medal She trains like every session is her Olympic performance

36. Attitude and Sporting Excellence Lionel Messi doesn’t just enjoy a kick about on the park … He knows he is the best footballer in the world He remembers what it is feels like to score an amazing goal. He lives, breathes and sleeps football to be the best.

37. General vs Specific Attitudes General attitudes will not help us predicttrue behaviour Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) state Specific attitudes must be considered to predict behaviour If the intention is present the behaviour will follow So to predict, perform or encourage a behaviour we must; Understand its relevance of a specific behaviour Get all the info and facts, or experience it directly Discuss and deal with any negative attitudes immediately

38. Prejudice and Stereotyping Prejudice is … A extreme or strongly held attitude that is resistant to change We can feel this way towards a situation or a person This is known as stereotyping Stereotypes are rarely accurate with little evidence or fact generalisations, derived from indirect contact preconceived influenced by the media Think of an example of stereotyping or prejudice in sporte.g. boys are more competitive than girls

39. Key Terms TASK (8 minutes)Fill in your glossary Chapter 9: Page 130 in your textbook Try to use your own words or bullet points Don’t be afraid to ask questions or discuss your answers

40. This Week … You should now be able to Explain the three key theories of personality Trait Theories Social Learning Theories Interactionist Theories List ways of testing personality Explainattitude and its three components Discusshow attitude can influence behaviour Give examples ofprejudice and stereotyping in sport