3. Why did these countries want colonies? (there are 6 reasons)

4. 1) National Security In order to remain a strong country, Imperialists believed: 1) needed to have a strong industrial economy 2) needed to have a steady supply of raw materials for the industrial economy 3) Needed to have a strong military to protect the economic interests

6. 2) Strategic Advantage Imperialist countries did not want other countries to get ahead of them

7. Whatever happens we have got The Maxim gun, and they have not. Hilaire Belloc Hilaire Belloc Hilaire Belloc Hilaire Belloc

8. 3) Nationalism People felt proud when their country ruled a larger empire

9. Thomas Jones Barker, The Secret of England’s Greatness (1863)

10. 4) Social Darwinism Based on racism: - Europeans believed they were better than the people they colonized/ruled - They believed this made if OK for them to rule other people

11. Sir Robert Clive’s Family with Their Indian Maid with Their Indian Maid Painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1765

13. 5) Missionary Impulse - People from European countries wanted to spread their religion to people in other parts of the world - They also wanted to bring modern inventions and technology to these people to make their lives better

15. 6) Industrial Economies - Europeans wanted to get the raw materials from colonies - They also wanted to take advantage of cheap labor from the natives in the colonies -sell your finished manufactured products to those colonial people

16. To summarize

17. To Summarize

19. What happened to the people dominated by the European powers? 1) traditional economies were replaced with European manufactured goods 2) slavery was ended (slaves sold to other countries) but economic/social still existed

20. So what did it end up looking like? - As imperial powers spread to other lands, they brought many of their scientific and liberal ideas with them. Some people embraced these ideas and used them to their advantage

21. So what did it end up looking like? In Africa elite men and women educated in Western-styled schools became leaders in African anti-colonial and nationalist mov’ts of the twentieth century (educate them, they start thinking for themselves, backfires on the mother country)

22. So what did it end up looking like? Others embraced liberal ideas in some areas like military and industry while rejecting democracy

23. So what did it end up looking like? Sometimes, disagreements over how to react to this Western hegemony (good word, heh?) led to rifts within their communities. Some Muslim leaders were torn apart on how to deal with Western intrusion, causing debates within Islam that can still be felt today

24. More Visuals

27. The Scramble for Africa

29. Africa, the Dark Continent DR. LIVINGSTONE I presume! STANLEY Livingstone and Stanley discover the head of the Nile River- great adventurers of the day

30. Still!

37. The Scramble for Africa 1870-1914 1870-1914 Rhodes Colossus Punch Cecil Rhodes was British businessman who made a fortune in African mining operations.

38. Cecil Rhodes He was an ardent believer in imperialism and colonialism. He is a great example of the way people thought about taking over other countries.

39. Cecil Rhodes He founded the country of Rhodesia (today Zambia and Zimbawa) This is where the Rhodes scholarship originates

40. Zulu! Between the British Empire and the Zulu Empire . F rom complex beginnings, the war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of colonialism in the region . The war e nded the Zulu nation's independence. 1879

41. Africa was partitioned in 1884 by German Chancellor Otto von Bismark Different types of rule by the European countries: indirect (British style)- they ruled through existing local officials and rulers. Kept local traditions but British made all the decisions direct (French style) French governor for each colony. Top officials were French

42. Rebellions and Independence Ethopia- ruler Menelik II 1884-1913- he modernized the country

43. Rebellions and Independence rebellions in Sudan led by Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi- eventually British took over the country The tribe Asante fought British in W. Africa and lost superior weapons of Europeans

44. Zulu Land and Its Neighbors

46. Boer wars The Boer Wars were two wars fought between Britain and the two independent Boer re publ ics, the Orange Free State and the So uth African Republic (Tran svaal Republic). The B oer War lasted three years and was very bloody. The British fought directly against the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The bloodshed that was seen during the war was alarming. Two of the factors that contributed to this were: First, many of the British soldiers were physically unprepared for the environment and poorly trained for the tactical conditions they faced. As a result, British losses were high as a result of both disease and combat. Second, the policies of " scorched earth " and civilian internment (concentra tion camps) ra vaged the civilian populations in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.

47. During the late nineteenth century, Africa was colonized and controlled by : 1) England and Russia 2) many European countries 3) France 4) Muslim traders

48. Which of the following was not a reason that European countries sought control of African land? 1) desire for natural resources and markets 2) desire to convert natives to Christianity 3)to gain power over other European countries 4) to learn about new cultures

54. The Horror of the Belgian Congo

55. The Belgian Congo

56. The Belgian Congo

57. The Belgian Congo

58. The Belgian Congo A wealthy colony for Belgium Lots of rubber, copper, and palm oil for export

59. The Belgian Congo The Belgian congo became an independent nation in 1960. After a series of political protests and rebellion a dictator/leader emerged Mobutu Sese Seko He renames the Democratic Republic of Congo to Zaire ruled 1965-1997

60. When We Were Kings The world famous boxing match between Muhammed Ali and George Foreman held in Zaire in 1974

61. When We Were Kings The world famous boxing match between Muhammed Ali and George Foreman held in Zaire in 1974

62. INDIA

64. India You will need a separate piece of paper - for an India anagram

67. the Honourable East India Company (HEIC)1600-1858 largest, wealthiest company in the world had the largest private army in the world

69. Growth of the British East India Company (1765-1857)

74. India’s First War for Independence Sepoy Rebellion 1857

77. THE RESULT OF THE SEPOY MUTINY

79. THE RESULT OF THE SEPOY MUTINY

80. Queen Victoria of England takes over rule of India 1876 Proclaimed the Empress of India

81. Queen Victoria in India

83. British Colonial Life In India

88. The Rise of Indian Nationalism

89. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 Founded because of food shortages the goal of the mov’t was “swaraj” which means independence

90. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 the founder: Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856-1920)

91. The Indian National Congress split when the Muslim League wanted more of their own ideas to be honored. 1905 Bengal was partitioned off to honor Muslim religion and culture

97. The End of the “Raj” 1947

100. The Indian National Congress another important leader: Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

101. Responses to Imperialism First - a phone survey to check your knowledge...

103. Ottoman Empire in Age of Imperialism

104. End Of The Ottoman Empire

106. Challenges to The Ottoman Empire First, Turkey

107. End Of The Ottoman Empire The Young Turks (ca 1909) Arab nationalist group that wanted to end western influence in the empire Took over the empire and ruled harshly The Ottoman empire was officially dissolved after WWI (1919), when its ally, Germany, was defeated. Country of Turkey is born. the beginnings of the nation Turkey

108. End Of The Ottoman Empire Later it become the nation of ..... Turkey

111. The Republic of Turkey http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100874408 5:41 Secular v Sacred Turkish Identity

112. Egypt

114. End Of The Ottoman Empire- Egypt Britain and France fought to gain control of Egypt They wanted control of the Suez Canal Links the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

115. End Of The Ottoman Empire- Egypt Ottoman governor of Egypt (1805-49) Goal: Modernize Egypt, minimize foreign influence Reforms: Improved tax collection Reorganized landholding Introduced cotton as cash crop Improved irrigation Western-style army Results: Increased participation in world trade Conquered Arabia, Syria, Sudan Muhammed Ali

116. End Of The Ottoman Empire- Egypt Ruled 1863-1879 Less competent than his grandfather, Muhammad Ali. Continued many of his grandfather’s reforms, trying to make Egypt a modern state. Rebuilt Cairo on the model of Paris. Built railroads to provide transportation. Patronized opera and theater. Encouraged newspaper and modern communication. Tried to conquer Ethiopia Results: Europeans invest money in Egypt. But lavish lifestyle lands him in debt. ISMAIL PASHA

117. End Of The Ottoman Empire- Egypt French engineers Ferdinand de Lesseps built Suez Canal . Canal begun in 1859 and opened in 1869. 100 miles long. It connects the Med. Sea to the Red Sea. Egypt and France each owned shares . Egypt’s ruler Ismail hoped money from the canal would get him out of debt. Instead he sank deeper into debt; Britain bought his shares in 1875. Who does it benefit most? Suez Canal

119. White Man’s Burden An Examination of Ruyard Kipling’s poetry

120. White Man’s Burden An Examination of Ruyard Kipling’s poetry Written to the other white men- the Americans - asks them to take up the White Man’s Burden and carry on the ways of imperialism when they took over the Philippines

121. Ruyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was a British author and poet best known for his short stories, children's books, and a number of poems and essays that reflected the values of empire. Kipling won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1906; among his most famous works are The Jungle Book , Kim , and Just-So Stories . In 1899, Rudyard Kipling penned a poem that urged the United States to join Great Britain in its imperial pursuits, and to take up the "white man's burden" by helping to civilize supposedly primitive societies through imperial conquest.

122. Ruyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden Take up the White Man’s burden send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ needs This poem captures the late British Victorian era’s sense of noblisse oblige , Social Darwinism, and racism as seen in British imperialism He rewrote this poem to convince America to join other imperialist powers in la Mission Civilisatrice He wrote the Jungle Book

123. White Man’s Burden An Examination of Ruyard Kipling’s poetry www.sascurriculum pathways .com student user: Rock7seem launch 598 with a partner try to translate as many lines as possible- what did Ruyard Kipling mean?

124. U.S. enters the imperialism game...they did enter a little late

125. U.S. Imperialism

126. U.S. Imperialism - 1890s the US has emerged from the civil war - late to industrial revolution but exploding with factories, industrial growth, cheap labor (massive immigration to the US in the late 1880s) - like other European powers, looking for markets to sell their goods to - like other European powers, looking for prestige and to secure place in the global trade

127. U.S. Imperialism We enter into the Spanish American War of 1898

128. U.S. Imperialism Spain owns Cuba and the Philippines No European country owns Hawaii (except for those pesky Hawaiians) and American pineapple producers (like Mr. Dole- Dole as in bananas....) have lots of money invested there. We take over Hawaii. (it makes a nice refueling point across the Pacific)

129. U.S. Imperialism - Cuba is a Spanish colony - the locals, under poet Jose Marti, cry for independence and freedom - that sounds good to the US - after all we fought a revolution for the same thing - also, 90% of the sugar output from Cuba comes from Americans who own plantations there - the US calls for Cuba’s freedom

130. U.S. Imperialism Remember the Maine! - USS Maine- an American ship in harbor of Cuba - mysteriously sinks (later it is determined it was a coal explosion in the ship’s hold) - US blames Spanish terrorists in Cuba and uses as excuse to declare war on Spanish colonies (Cuba, Philippines)

131. U.S. Imperialism - We declare war on Spain but the first battle occurs in Spanish colony of the Philippines (we happened to be in the neighborhood at the time) - We take the main city of Manilla within hours, no injuries. We’ve freed the Filipinos -except not: it is a good refueling place for trade with the east (China, Japan) - We end up fighting the Filipinos ourselves and occupying the islands until 1946. - They aren’t completely independent until 1946 (after they served their use for us in WWII)

132. U.S. Imperialism Philippine Insurrection

133. U.S. Imperialism By 1900 the “splendid little war” of the Spanish-American War of 1898 is over. Americans own: * Cuba (it is a protectorate) * Puerto Rico (protectorate) * Guam (colony?) * Philippines (it is a colony) * Hawaii (it is a protectorate) * Panama Canal land (makes a handy shortcut from the US east coast to the Pacific - no need to go around South America anymore) * Samoa (colony)

136. Japan

140. Japan Meji Reforms 1868-1912

142. Japan

143. Japan

144. China

145. China

146. China Goal : Britain wants to negotiate favorable balance of trade with China Chinese Exports: porcelain, silk, tea. Chinese imports ; Silver All trade had to be conducted through city of Canton Britain wants China to allow importation of British manufactured goods Qianlong Emperor refuses “we already posses all things”

147. China Grown by British East India Co. in India, smuggled illegally into China Highly addictive drug made from poppy sap; related to morphine Chinese imports 1730: 15 tons 1773: 75 tons 1820: 900 tons Chinese paid for opium in silver which British then used to buy tea Result: Increasing addiction More silver flowing out of China than in Opium

148. China England’s advanced technology allowed the British fleet to make relatively quick work of the Chinese warships Opium Wars 1839-1842

150. China Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864

151. China Spheres of Influence

154. Open Door Notes US demands that China open its trade to America (since the other countries were already there) US Secretary of State John Hay created this policy

155. China What Happens Next?