THE IOT network

1. THEME : THE IOT NETWORK LPWAN
NAME : MOHAMED EL BACHIR DIALLO
COUNTRY : SENEGAL
Mail:
dialloelbachir@gmail,com

2. PLAN
 INTRODUCTION
 DIFFERRENTS SECTORS OF IOT
 PRESENTATION OF LPWAN
 DIFFERENTS TECHNOLOGIES OF LPWAN
 LPWAN STANDARDS
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 What is iot?
 Communicating objects flourish everywhere: thermometers connected in cold rooms until the collection
of vital signs for medical monitoring. The amount of connected objects is multiplying at high speed.
According to Cisco, 50 billion objects will be part of our daily lives by 2020.
 If we omit the progress of electronics in terms of miniaturization and lower costs, this explosion is the
direct result of two major advances in the world of telecom:
 In developed countries, each user has at least one access to the Internet through his box or mobile
terminal. This makes it possible to interconnect the objects of the person and the house on a local
network via Bluetooth or WiFi.
 The deployment of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocols has become a reality, and the
territories covered are becoming more and more extensive, making it possible to deploy objects in-vivo
for a period of several years.

4. DIFFERENTS SECTORS OF IOT

5. PRESENTATION OF LPWAN (LOW-POWER WIDE-AREA NETWORKS)
IoT is about connecting billions of devices to the internet. Some
common examples are wearables and smart home devices. For these
types of applications, it is basically a trade of privacy to gain some
conveniences. For industrial IoT, the benefit is tremendous. It can be
used to improve operational efficiency, reduce cost, reduce energy
consumption, and involve machine learning to act on big data. The
analysis of the data generated from all the devices can be used to
improve operational efficiency or to provide much better services to
the customers. Since you are getting better insights into your
customers, you can offer new services and grow your business.
However, most wireless technologies available today are not able to
meet the IoT requirements, especially in terms of coverage range or

6. A COMPARISON OF DATA RATE, POWER CONSUMPTION, AND COVERAGE
RANGE FOR LPWAN TECHNOLOGIES VERSUS OTHER IOT WIRELESS
STANDARDS
WIFI and cellular can provide short and long range
coverage with very high data rates and high power
consumption. ZigBee, BT LE and NFC can provide short
range with low to medium data rates and low power
consumption. LPWAN is the one that can meet both
range and battery life requirements. It provides the
longest range, at very low power, with the compromise
of very low data rates.

7. LPWAN TECHNOLOGIES
 Because cellular networks are costly, consume a lot of power, and
involve expensive hardware and services, many network providers
develop their own wireless networks using the unlicensed spectrum,
 LPWAN technology is perfectly suited for connecting devices that
need to send small amounts of data over a long range, while
maintaining long battery life. Some IoT applications only need to
transmit tiny amounts of information—a parking garage sensor, for
example, which only transmits when a spot is open or when it is
taken. The low power consumption of such a device allows that task
to be carried out with minimal cost and battery draw.

8. LORA TECHNOLOGY
LoRa is a physical layer technology that modulates the signals in
sub-GHZ ISM band using a proprietary spread spectrum technique.
Like Sigfox, LoRa uses unlicensed ISM bands, i.e., 868 MHz in Europe,
915 MHz in North America, and 433 MHz in Asia. The bidirectional
communication is provided by the chirp spread spectrum (CSS)
modulation that spreads a narrow-band signal over a wider channel
bandwidth. The resulting signal has low noise levels, enabling high
interference resilience, and is difficult to detect or jam,

9. LORA ARCHITECTURE
http://www.
3glteinfo.co
m/lora/lora-
architecture/

10. SIGFOX TECHNOLOGY
Sigfox is an LPWAN network operator that offers an end-to-end IoT connectivity
solution based on its patented technologies. Sigfox deploys its proprietary base
stations equipped with cognitive software-defined radios and connect them to the
back end servers using an IP-based network. The end devices connected to these
base stations using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in an ultra-narrow
band (100 Hz) sub-GHZ ISM band carrier. Sigfox uses unlicensed ISM bands, for
example, 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in North America, and 433 MHz in Asia. By
employing the ultra-narrow band, Sigfox uses the frequency bandwidth efficiently
and experiences very low noise levels, leading to very low power consumption,
high receiver sensitivity, and low-cost antenna design at the expense of maximum
throughput of only 100 bps,

11. SIGFOX ARCHITECTURE

12. NB-IOT TECHNOLOGY
NB-IoT is a clean sheet technology released by 3GPP. It can be
supported with a software update to LTE or existing RAN
infrastructure. Its benefits include relatively low device cost and very
good link budgets compared to other technologies. The initial
deployment will mostly be in Asia or Europe.

13. NB-IOT ARCHITECTURE
https://ru-
4g.livejournal.com/1577673.html

14. LPWAN TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON
Keysight Technologies
Low Power Wide Area
Network (LPWAN)
Technologies – Benefits and
Test Challenges
comparison of different
technologies according
to certain
characteristics

15. LPWA TECHNOLOGY SECURITY COMPARISON
GSMA courses april 2018
hrough this figure we can make a comparison in terms of security of the different technologies mentioned above.
Through this figure we can make a comparison
in terms of security of the different technologies
mentioned above

16. LPWAN STANDARD
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.07360
A plethora of standardization efforts are undertaken
by different established standardization bodies
including Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE), European Telecommunications
Standard Institute (ETSI), and The Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) along with industrial
consortia such as WEIGHTLESS-SIG, LORa™ Alliance,
and DASH7 Alliance. This Figure organizes the
proposed standards according to their developing
organizations, while Table II summarizes technical
specifications of different standards. A qualitative
comparison of some LPWA technologies can be
found in [51]. Most of these efforts also involve
several proprietary LPWA connectivity providers
discussed in the previous section. The objectives of
these SDOs and SIGs are quite diverse. In the long
run, it is hoped that adoption of these standards will
likely reduce the fragmentation of LPWA market and

17. BENEFITS OF LPWAN
Broadly speaking, LPWAN is defined as a market segment where lowest cost
and lowest power consumption are the key selection criteria for the
communication technology. For realistic LPWAN use cases, with a few tens of
messages per day, the power consumption performance of LoRaWAN is five
times better than CatNB1 (currently the 3GPP state of the art, requiring R13
networks), and the peak-current performance is an order of magnitude lower.
Thanks to the characteristics of the ultra-low leak current batteries used in
most devices with a 10 year plus battery life, this translates into an order of
magnitude difference in battery size, and therefore total cost of ownership, in
favor of LoRaWAN. In other words, if you want to power your things with little
cost and little energy output, LoRaWAN is often the way to go.

18. CONCLUSION
This paper has summarized the technical differences of Sigfox, LoRa,
and NB-IoT, and discussed their advantages in terms of IoT factors
and major issues. Each technology will have its place in the IoT
market. Sigfox and LoRa will serve as the lower-cost device, with very
long range (high coverage), infrequent communication rate, and very
long battery lifetime. Unlike Sigfox, LoRa will also serve the local
network deployment and the reliable communication when devices
move at high speeds. By contrast, NB-IoT will serve the higher-value
IoT markets that are willing to pay for very low latency and high
quality of service.