This project deals with main factors that should be taken in consideration to develop coastal express ferry in order to improve tourism and economy of Egypt as well as Saudi Arabia.

1. Supervised by :-
Prof. Dr./ Galal Younis
Dr. / Randa Ramadan & Dr. / Arwa Wafeek
Port Said University
Faculty of Engineering
N.A.M.E Department
Prepared by:-
Karim Kotb Abed El-Salam
Ahmed Yasser Soliman
Mohamed Ahmed Rabea
Mohamed Gamal Hussein
Ramy abed El-haaq Abo Harg

2. Today with new technologies and modern transportation systems,
speed and quantity of goods became the most important issues in
cargo and passenger transport.
Quantity puts ships into the first plan among all other
transportation facilities.
This project deals with main factors that should be taken in
consideration to develop coastal express ferry in order to improve
tourism and economy of Egypt as well as Saudi Arabia.
Abstract

3. of This
• Transportation Systems
• Ports characteristics
• Existing routes
• Characteristics of Catamarans
• Ships in service
• Parametric Study
• Proposed formula of
Principal Dimensions
• Lines, Hydrostatic
• General Arrangement
Ch. One
• Aluminum alloys
• Welding processes
• Catamaran Construction
• Thickness for plating
• ordinary stiffeners
• Primary Stiffeners
• Average annual of solar system
Ch. Two
• Catamaran Resistance
• Powering of Catamaran
• Engine Selected
• Water Jet Propulsion System
• Marine solar system
Ch. Three
Ch. Four
• Calculation of weights from drawings
• Calculation of KG
• Cross curves of stability
• Stability criteria in the intact condition
• piping systems

4. Introduction
Routes&
Principal
Dimensions
1

5. There are a number of performance characteristics that must be
considered when selecting the appropriate mode of transportation.
Speed
Completeness
Dependability
Capability
Frequency
Cost

6. Sea Transport
Air Transport
Land Transport

7. The most important stage is to gather information on
following decision variables:
• Ports characteristics
• Existing routes and distances between ports
• Ships in service
• information from companies that operate in red sea
• type of ships (depend on ship speed, port characteristics and
capacity)
• dimensions of ships (depend on port characteristics, capacity,
weather conditions, and passengers’ comfort)
• capacity and number of passengers (depend on necessity of
seaborne transport – depend on size of town and tourist
capacities)

8. Ports Characteristics ( COMMERCIAL PORTS IN EGYPT )
Egypt has 15 commercial ports facing the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea,
(Table1.1). The Maritime Transport Sector (MTS) is responsible for the
administration of those ports.
Red sea
Port
Authority•
Damietta
Port
Authority
Port Said
Port
Authority
Alex. Port
Authority
Suez port, petroleum Dock port , Adabiya port ,
Sokhna port , Hurghada port , Safaga port ,
Eltor Port , Nuwaiba Port, Sharm El Sheikh port
Damietta Port
West Port Said port ,
East Port Said port ,
El Arish port
Alexandria port ,
El Dekhila port

10. The best available port in Egypt to be used for our project ferry is
Safaga port The port of Safaga is the most important Egyptian port to
serve the Upper Egypt where the state to spend more than 4 billion
pounds in the road network to link major cities in Upper Egypt (Qena
- Sohag – Assiut ) .
Safaga port is located in the range of 250 km from these provinces.
Total area 57 km2
Land area 0.48 km2
Actual handling volume of passenger
in 2009 800000 passenger
Total no. of berths 3
Total length of berths 968 m Max
water depth 14m

11. From our point of view the available port in Saudi Arabia is
Yanbu port
Characteristics
Very near to Madinah (hajj season)
The port has seven berths (1 — 7),
along a 1,420- meter wharf
including one container and
one roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) berth.
The access channel has been
dredged to 14 meters below
the lowest astronomical tide (LAT).

13. Definition of High speed Craft by (IMO)
The International Maritime Organization defined the High speed
Craft as any Marine vehicle will satisfy the following definitions
Type of Ship used

14. Catamaran Characteristics

15. The modern car and passenger ferry was introduced by International
Catamarans in 1990, and this proved so successful that there are now
in excess of 100 large fast catamarans carrying vessels in operation
and a large number on order.

16. HULL SHAPES
Asymmetrical hull shapes. provided a minimum of additional
resistance from the interference effects resulting from having two
hulls in close proximity.
The sectional hull shapes are characterized into two types – round
bilge and hard chine.

17. • The hull beam (b) is usually the minimum width chosen to suit
the chosen propulsion machinery layout.
• The vessel draft ( T ) may be determined by the immersion
of the water jets and the associated machinery and
transmission
• The block coefficient ( C B ) is typically chosen between 0.55 and 0.68
Generally the resistance will decrease as the hull separation is increased

18. THE CENTRE BOW
The Centre Bow acts like ride control; it reacts with the waves earlier
than in conventional catamarans to reduce the motions earlier than
other vessels. It’s main purpose is to reduce the vessel pitching
motions by offering extra buoyancy as the bow pitching into the
wave.

19. Spiral
Ship designer starts design with the Owner requirement specifications.
For High speed RO-PAX catamarans the customer mainly concentrated
on the hull definition payload & speed.
Preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions
In preliminary ship design two basic methodologies are used:
• The first based on a parent ship
• The second based on statistical data worked out from an
appropriate number of ships of the same type as the ship being
designed.
The presented relations are derived from the collected data of a ten
existing high speed Ro-Pax aluminum wave piercing catamarans
ferries with similar characteristics.

29. Preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions

30. Plan
Lines plan drawing is the first information that needs to be made available. Without
lines plan drawing, no calculation, design and analysis works can be performed
The ship is subdivided into 49 station (from station no. ( 0 ) at AP to station (40)
In the fore the interval between the stations becomes narrower so its number
increased
St 0, St 1 , St 2 , …………. St 32 The interval is 2.34 m
St 32, St 32.5, St 33 ,…… St 40 The interval is 1.17 m

31. The ship is Divided into 21 Waterline the distance between each is 0.7 m
There are six buttock lines at distance shown from The Centerline
b 1 0.0
b 2 3.0
b 3 7.3
b 4 9.4
b 5 11.1
b 6 12.8

35. The ferry is capable of carrying up to 1050 passenger and 200 cars in
three tiers the upper tier contains seats for 550 passenger and
Central market shop And small ten accommodation rooms for crew
with 5 bathrooms And sofa for crew meetings
The Second tier is separated to two main parts the fore part for
carrying cars up to 50 cars and the aft part is for passenger capable
for carrying up to 490 passenger and 12 bathroom for men and the
same number for ladies of total 24 bathroom There is a VIP room of
total 19 seats The garage is capable of carrying 125 car and up to 4
buses

36. Hydrostatics
All the geometric properties of a ship as a function of mean
draft have been computed and put into a single graph for
convenience.
At Draft 3.5 m
• Disp. = 1846 ton
• LCB = 38.6 m
• LCF = 37.6
• BMt = 41.9 m
• BMl =170.7 m
• GMt =40.3
• GMl = 169.1 m
• KMt = 43.8
• KMl = 172.6

38. Curves of Form Coefficient

39. Bonjean Curves
Bonjean curves show the relationship between local draft and submerged
cross-sectional area
At each station we can draw a bonjean curve of the x-section area
Bonjeans are drawn on the profile of the vessel. With these curves, we can
find the distribution of buoyancy for any waterline (any draft, any trim).

40. References

41. Welding
Construction
Alloys
Aluminum Marine Structure
2

42. Aluminum is a strong, durable and lightweight metal. these three
basic properties combine to make the metal as the preferred
material of construction for transport applications, to reduce fuel
consumption and to increase the load carrying capacity.
Marine engineers and naval architects recognize aluminum as an
advantageous material in shipbuilding.
The lightweight, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of
aluminum alloys has dictated their use in many of these
applications.
Introduction

53. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
This is a welding process that melts and joins metals by means of
heat. The heat is produced by an electric arc generated by the
electrode and the materials.
Some advantages of the SMAW welding process is that :-
It is portable and not expensive compared with others. These
features allow that the SMAW process can be employed in
maintenance and repairs.

54. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
GMAW is a welding process that melts and joins metals by heating
employing an electric arc established between a continuous wire
(electrode) and metals to be welded
Shielding protection of the arc and molten metal is carried out by
means of a gas, which can be active or inert.
Argon gas or mixtures of Argon and Helium are employed, whereas
for steels the base of the shielding gases is CO2
When using an inert gas, it is kwon as MIG process (Metal Inert Gas)
and MAG when Metal Active Gas is used

55. When using an Argon gas arc, the arc energy has a smaller spread
than an arc of Helium, due to the low thermal conductivity of Argon.

57. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
This is a welding process that melts metal by heat employing an electric arc with a
non-consumable electrode.
GTAW process employs an inert or active shielding gas, which protects the
electrode and the weld metal.
This process produces high quality welds, but the principal disadvantage is that the
rate of deposition is slow and it limits the range of application in terms of thickness

59. Friction stir welding (FSW) Hot-shear joining process

60. Friction stir welding Which is a cylindrical shoulder tool with a
specially designed and profiled probe made from a hard, wear
resistance material relative to the material being welded.
FSW enables long lengths of weld to be made without any melting
taking place. This provides some important metallurgical
advantages compared with fusion welding,
This tool moves along the butting surfaces of two rigidly. The shoulder
makes a contact with the top surface of the plates to be welded.
The heat generated by friction at the shoulder and to a lesser extent
at the pin surface and it softens the material being welded

65. Resistance
powering&
Solar System
3

66. Resistance
In general the resistance of catamarans attributed to two major
components viscous resistance and wave-making resistance. In
addition to air resistance
RT = (1+𝒌) Rf + RW + 𝐑A
Where,
RT Total resistance (KN )
(1+ k ) The catamaran form factor
Rf Frictional resistance
RW Wave- making resistance KN
RA Air resistance
In our project we will calculate the total power of the catamaran
using three different ways, compare the results and choose the
biggest one

67. First method ( Armstrong 2000 )
Viscous resistance
A main resistance component is caused by the friction force on the
wetted hull.
The viscous resistance may be obtained from
RV = (1+k) Rf
Where,
RV Viscous resistance KN
Rf frictional resistance KN
(1+ k) the catamaran form factor
There have been several studies into the calculation of the form factor (1+k)
including work by Armstrong (2000), Molland et al (1994)

71. Wave making resistance

78. Air resistance

80. Powering of Catamaran

82. The maximum value of jet efficiency is observed to occur at high
velocity ratio. Thus, to achieve high efficiency, a large jet diameter
should be selected

89. RESULTS

90. Engine options for powering large fast Ro-Pax craft have
been examined. Only engine powers in excess of 4000kW
per single engine have been considered.

93. Water Jet Propulsion System
Water jet is a propulsion unit connected to the engine and used
instead of propeller shaft.
It allows the boat to move forward by sucking in water from under
the bottom of the boat and discharging from the stern.
To move backward, the direction of water is changed with the bucket
covered.

94. Waterjet propulsion systems consist of
• An inlet duct which guides water into the pump,
• An engine-driven impeller to raise the water pressure,
• A jetavator which can deflect the jet stream sideways to create
a steering action.

95. Operation
Water enters the waterjet installation through the inlet duct, which is a
part of the ships construction.
After passing the pump impeller, rotation in the flow is removed and
the water is accelerated in the stator bowl. This creates the thrust
necessary to propel the ship. Each waterjet is driven by a main engine
through a gearbox with a clutch.
The clutch makes it possible to start the prime mover without turning
the shaft.

96. Waterjet thrust
We can calculate the waterjet thrust when entrance speed (vi), exit
speed (vj) and volume flow are known
For example
An average entrance speed (vi) into the jet at 20 m/s, an exit speed
(vj) at the nozzle of 40 m/s and a volume flow (v) of 3 m3/s.
From the volume flow and the specific density of sea water, the
mass flow through the system is calculated
• 3 m3/s x 1025 kg/m3 = 3075 kg/s
• F= 3075 (40-20) = 61000 N or 61 kN

97. Waterjet Size Selection
Figure is used to select the proper waterjet size when the installed power per
jet is known.
Power factor = 1.48

99. To reduce weight of the waterjet system, aluminum is chosen for the
construction of several components.

101. The thrust bearing block, located inboard, supports the shaft and bears the axial
thrust generated by the impeller
The main hydraulic pump of the standard HPP is driven by a Power Take Off (PTO)
from the gearbox or the prime mover.

102. Hydraulic power pack
The thrust bearing block

103. Major features of [Waterjet]
• Waterjet allows the boat to run in shallow water.
• Since the propulsion unit does not project from the bottom of
boat, the possibility that it gets damaged due to contact with
obstacles on the sea bottom or driftage on the sea surface is
reduced
• Complete safety.
• Maneuvering with a deflector instead of a rudder enables the
boat to turn in a small circle or at the spot
• Waterjet is superior to propeller in efficiency and performance
at high speeds.
• Water jet is placed at the rear of the engine and propulsion unit,
providing space in the center of the body.

105. Solar System
Into a green ship

106. Egypt is located in the world’s solar belt and has excellent solar energy
availability. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to present a case
study for installing a photovoltaic solar system onboard the wave
piercing catamaran ferry between Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Due to the depleting nature of Egypt's limited fuel resources, the
development of renewable energy technologies has proven to be
essential.
The annual average total solar radiation over Egypt ranges from
about 1950 kWh/m2/year on the Mediterranean coast to more
than 2600 kWh/m2/year in Upper Egypt.

110. Cost of PV solar system
The life time (N) for all items is considered to be 20 years, except
that of the battery which is considered to be 10 years. Thus,
another group of batteries have to be purchased after 10 years

112. Number of PV solar panels

113. Number of charge controllers

114. Number of solar batteries

124. Catamaran construction
After we have known a lot of information about the strength and the
material used in building in the catamaran, so we can know by the
logic of designer engineer to calculate according the GL rule:-

126. P = 411.23 KN/mm2 The bottom thickness = 12 mm
The impact pressure [kPa] acting on the bottom wet deck (cross deck)
HS is the significant wave height HA (air gab)
90.03 KN/ mm2P =
The thickness of bottom of wet deck of
catamaran = 6 mm

144. Weight Calculation
Stability
4
&

145. The most common approach is to assign drawings to a weight engineer for
weight determination after they have been issued
The calculation of weight from detail drawings represents the highest level of
fidelity possible in the determination of weight for a ship
Weight Calculation

146. WM /WL = 11- 18 %
Length from 85 to 120 m DWT / Displacement = 20 -40 % WST / WL = 56 -66 %
Wof /WL = 23 – 28 %

147. Firstly, for plates of the ship

149. For bridge stiffener Using bulb (80*5)
For weather deck stiffener Using bulb (80*6)
For Tier 2 stiffener Using bulb (80*6)
For Garage Stiffener Using bulb (140*7)
For wet deck Stiffener Using bulb (140*7)
For wetted surface area Stiffener Using bulb (240*10)
For stiffener of side above LWL

150. Weight of transverse Bulkheads =10.9 ton

156. To Calculate KG

163. Cross curves of stability
The cross curves of stability provide a means of presenting
stability for a wide range of displacements, heeling angles and an
initial trim, not only in still water but also in waves.

167. Introduction
The piping systems installed on shipboard to serve the engine from a complicated
network .the pipe network supports all engine functions and operating processes

168. The lubricating oil piping system
The main objectives are
• Provide an oil film between the moving parts of the engine to
reduce the friction
• Cooling the moving parts of the engine
• Keep the inside parts of the engine clean
Lubricating oil system diagram
In general the system consist of pumps , filters , coolers / heaters,
strainers, separators (clarifier/ purifier ), tanks and valves , and
measurements instruments
Oil tanks are made of steel or black iron. Brass, copper and
galvanized metal are avoided as copper and zinc increase the
tendency of oil to be oxidize.

178. If the pump is required to rise the liquid from lower tank to upper tank,
besides H, it must overcome the resistance in both suction and delivery pipes

182. All References are under Request…