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Subject and predicate in Arabic

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Mohammad Shamsul Hoque Siddique
Mohammad Shamsul Hoque Siddique

sentence structure in Arabic and how construct nominal sentence.

Formation
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‫مفيدة‬ ُ‫ة‬‫القراء‬
Agenda O What is noun? O What are definite and indefinite nouns? O How to construct nominal sentence ُ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫س‬ِ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ ‫لة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ ‫?اْل‬
Sentences in Arabic 1. Nomilal Sentence ٌ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ُ ‫ُج‬ = Sentence that starts with a noun, like: ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ 1. Verbal Sentence ٌ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ج‬ ُ ‫ُج‬ = Sentence that starts with a verb, like: ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫ه‬ َ ‫ذ‬ (Jayd went)
(Noun) 1. Name of a person, like: ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫;ُم‬ ٌ‫ال‬ َ ‫;خ‬ ‫مريم‬ 2. Name of a place, like: ‫ا‬ َ ‫ك‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫د‬‫ج‬ َ ‫َل‬ ، ُ ‫ة‬ َّ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ 3. Name of a thing, like: ‫ار‬ َ ‫ن‬ ، ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ 4. Pronouns, like: َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َ ِ‫ه‬ He ‫ج‬‫م‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ه‬ They Male Female
(Noun) َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ِ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ You ‫ج‬‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ َّ ُ ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ You Male Female
(Noun) ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ I ُ‫ن‬ ‫ج‬ َ ‫َن‬ We Male Female
(Noun) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ ‫ه‬ They 2 ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ You 2 Male You
(Noun) Adjective) ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ BigSmall ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ Far ٌ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ َ ‫ُج‬ Beautiful ٌ‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ َ ‫ق‬ Near ٌ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ق‬ Ugly
Indefinite & Definite Noun Indefinite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ in Arabic, like: ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ A pen ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book ٌ ‫وح‬ َ ‫ل‬ A block ٌ ‫اح‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ص‬ِ‫م‬ A lamp ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ح‬ A stone
Indefinite & Definite Noun Indefinite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ in Arabic, like: ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ A house A pen
Indefinite & Definite Noun Definite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ The house ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The book
Indefinite & Definite Noun ‫الـ‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬
Indefinite & Definite Noun ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬ A Mohammad A Jayd A Bilal ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َّ‫الز‬ ُ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬
The way of constructing a Nominal Sentence O A nominal sentence consists of two parts ٌ ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ Subject (Focal point of the sentence) ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ ٌ ‫رة‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ Predicate (News orinformation about Subject) 1 2
ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The water is cold ٌ ‫يض‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The student is sick The pen is broken Examples
Note: Noun that ends in Tanwin ( ) is ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ (indefinite) ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬A Mosque A house
However when an Adjective comes as an indefinite noun we cannot translate it with ( A). Here are some examples- ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ٌ ‫ض‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬A sick A broken ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬A cold
ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ض‬ (Pronoun) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example- Khalid came to Dhaka. Khalid wanted to get admitted at IUT. Khalid took part in the admission test. Khalid passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.
ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ض‬ (Personal Pronoun) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Personal Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example- Khalid came to Dhaka. He wanted to get admitted at IUT. He took part in the admission test. He passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.
So if we were to say … ٌ‫الب‬ َ‫ط‬ َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ 1. ٌ ‫أ‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ ( ) ২. ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (Definite) 1. ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ ( ) ২. ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ ( )
We can also say.. ٌ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬ َ ‫ت‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬ is am/is/are
More examples ُ ‫اش‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ٌ ‫ف‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ٌ ‫يد‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ ‫ش‬‫ج‬‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ٌ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ َ ‫ق‬ The book is new The bed is clean The throne is old
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬ َ ‫ش‬ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ( Demonstrative Pronoun which is considered noun in Arabic) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Demonstrative Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it refers to someone or something which is known. Example- ‫ا‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫ه‬ ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ َ ‫ذ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ء‬ َ ‫ؤْل‬ َ ‫ه‬ ٌ ‫ب‬ َّ ‫َل‬ ُ‫ط‬ This is a door That is a book Those are students
Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Masculine and Feminine is necessary. ُ‫اب‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ ‫لة‬ِ‫او‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ The door is new The table is new
Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Singular/Dual/Plural is necessary. ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ِ‫ان‬ َ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ Mohammad is traveler. Mohammads are travelers. (2) َ ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ َ ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬Mohammads are travelers. (3)
ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ (Predicate) can be a single word or a sentence or even a semi-sentence ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬ ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ َ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫أ‬َ‫ي‬ Khalid is student Khalid eats the fish ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ِِKhalid is in the university Single word Sentence Semi-Sentence
Activities
Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ‫اهلل‬ ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ُ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫آن‬َ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫ن‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ال‬ ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ ٌ‫م‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫َك‬
Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬ ُ ‫وف‬ُ‫ي‬ ُّ ‫الض‬ ُ ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ٌ‫اء‬ َّ ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫وح‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ي‬ ِ‫وس‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬‫ج‬‫ر‬ ُ ‫غ‬ ِ ُ ‫ن‬ َ‫وَع‬َ‫ج‬
Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ُ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ج‬‫ط‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫ام‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ش‬َ‫م‬ ٌ ‫يذ‬ِ َ ‫َل‬ ٌ ‫ف‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ َ ‫د‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫الم‬ َ‫لَع‬

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Subject and predicate in Arabic

  • 2. Agenda O What is noun? O What are definite and indefinite nouns? O How to construct nominal sentence ُ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫س‬ِ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ ‫لة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ ‫?اْل‬
  • 3. Sentences in Arabic 1. Nomilal Sentence ٌ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ُ ‫ُج‬ = Sentence that starts with a noun, like: ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ 1. Verbal Sentence ٌ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ج‬ ُ ‫ُج‬ = Sentence that starts with a verb, like: ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫ه‬ َ ‫ذ‬ (Jayd went)
  • 4. (Noun) 1. Name of a person, like: ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫;ُم‬ ٌ‫ال‬ َ ‫;خ‬ ‫مريم‬ 2. Name of a place, like: ‫ا‬ َ ‫ك‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫د‬‫ج‬ َ ‫َل‬ ، ُ ‫ة‬ َّ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ 3. Name of a thing, like: ‫ار‬ َ ‫ن‬ ، ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ 4. Pronouns, like: َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َ ِ‫ه‬ He ‫ج‬‫م‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ه‬ They Male Female
  • 8. (Noun) Adjective) ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ BigSmall ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ Far ٌ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ َ ‫ُج‬ Beautiful ٌ‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ َ ‫ق‬ Near ٌ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ق‬ Ugly
  • 9. Indefinite & Definite Noun Indefinite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ in Arabic, like: ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ A pen ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book ٌ ‫وح‬ َ ‫ل‬ A block ٌ ‫اح‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ص‬ِ‫م‬ A lamp ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ح‬ A stone
  • 10. Indefinite & Definite Noun Indefinite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ in Arabic, like: ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ A house A pen
  • 11. Indefinite & Definite Noun Definite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ The house ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The book
  • 12. Indefinite & Definite Noun ‫الـ‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬
  • 13. Indefinite & Definite Noun ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬ A Mohammad A Jayd A Bilal ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َّ‫الز‬ ُ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬
  • 14. The way of constructing a Nominal Sentence O A nominal sentence consists of two parts ٌ ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ Subject (Focal point of the sentence) ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ ٌ ‫رة‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ Predicate (News orinformation about Subject) 1 2
  • 15. ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The water is cold ٌ ‫يض‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The student is sick The pen is broken Examples
  • 16. Note: Noun that ends in Tanwin ( ) is ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ (indefinite) ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬A Mosque A house
  • 17. However when an Adjective comes as an indefinite noun we cannot translate it with ( A). Here are some examples- ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ٌ ‫ض‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬A sick A broken ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬A cold
  • 18. ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ض‬ (Pronoun) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example- Khalid came to Dhaka. Khalid wanted to get admitted at IUT. Khalid took part in the admission test. Khalid passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.
  • 19. ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ض‬ (Personal Pronoun) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Personal Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example- Khalid came to Dhaka. He wanted to get admitted at IUT. He took part in the admission test. He passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.
  • 20. So if we were to say … ٌ‫الب‬ َ‫ط‬ َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ 1. ٌ ‫أ‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ ( ) ২. ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (Definite) 1. ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ ( ) ২. ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ ( )
  • 21. We can also say.. ٌ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬ َ ‫ت‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬ is am/is/are
  • 23. ِ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬ َ ‫ش‬ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ( Demonstrative Pronoun which is considered noun in Arabic) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Demonstrative Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it refers to someone or something which is known. Example- ‫ا‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫ه‬ ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ َ ‫ذ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ء‬ َ ‫ؤْل‬ َ ‫ه‬ ٌ ‫ب‬ َّ ‫َل‬ ُ‫ط‬ This is a door That is a book Those are students
  • 24. Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Masculine and Feminine is necessary. ُ‫اب‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ ‫لة‬ِ‫او‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ The door is new The table is new
  • 25. Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Singular/Dual/Plural is necessary. ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ِ‫ان‬ َ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ Mohammad is traveler. Mohammads are travelers. (2) َ ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ َ ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬Mohammads are travelers. (3)
  • 26. ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ (Predicate) can be a single word or a sentence or even a semi-sentence ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬ ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ َ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫أ‬َ‫ي‬ Khalid is student Khalid eats the fish ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ِِKhalid is in the university Single word Sentence Semi-Sentence
  • 28. Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ‫اهلل‬ ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ُ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫آن‬َ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫ن‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ال‬ ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ ٌ‫م‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫َك‬
  • 29. Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬ ُ ‫وف‬ُ‫ي‬ ُّ ‫الض‬ ُ ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ٌ‫اء‬ َّ ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫وح‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ي‬ ِ‫وس‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬‫ج‬‫ر‬ ُ ‫غ‬ ِ ُ ‫ن‬ َ‫وَع‬َ‫ج‬
  • 30. Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ُ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ج‬‫ط‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫ام‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ش‬َ‫م‬ ٌ ‫يذ‬ِ َ ‫َل‬ ٌ ‫ف‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ َ ‫د‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫الم‬ َ‫لَع‬