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Renal Physiology (I) - Kidney Function & Physiological Anatomy - Dr. Gawad
1. 1
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(I)
m
KIDNEY FUNCTION &
PYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY
Mohammed Abdel Gawad
2. OBJECTIVES
2
Introduction
Functions of the kidney
Physiological anatomy of the kidney
Nephron & its types
Renal circulation & renal blood flow
Nervous supply of the kidney
3. INTRODUCTION – THE KIDNEY
3
A retroperitoneal organ
T11-L3
Normal size: 11-15cm
in adults.
Right kidney usually
shorter than the left
(upper limit of variation
in length between right
& left 1.5 cm)
4. FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
4
1- Execratory function:
a. metabolites
b. drugs
c. toxins
2- Homeostatic function:
a. Maintenance of water balance.
b. Maintenance of electrolyte balance.
c. Maintenance of acid-base balance.
3- Endocrine (hormonal) secretory function:
a) Renin by the juxtaglomerular cells (JG)
b) Erythropoietin hormone by endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries of renal
cortex
c) Prostaglandins.
4- Endocrine (hormonal) metabolic function:
The kidney converts vitamin D3 → active 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol by
alpha one hydroxylase enzyme in cells of PCT under effect of PTH.
14. KIDNEYS BLOOD FLOW RATE
14
- One fourth (25%) of the cardiac output
passes into the kidney/minute (1300 ml
blood/minute).
- The high renal blood flow does not reflect a
high O2 consumption (kidneys utilize 8% of the
total O2 consumption of the body).
- This high blood flow is related to the
homeostatic function of the kidney → allows a
high rate of glomerular filtration
15. NERVE SUPPLY
15
The renal blood vessels are supplied by
splanchnic nerves, vasoconstrictors → renal
blood is reduced in stress condition due to
sympathetic stimulation → blood is shifted
to vital organs
The kidney also receives input from the
parasympathetic nervous system, by way of
the renal branches of Vagus nerve (Cranial
nerve X), the function of this is yet unclear.
Sensory input from the kidney travels to the
T10-11 levels of the spinal cord and is
sensed in the corresponding dermatome.
Thus, pain in the flank region may be
referred from corresponding kidney
16. 16
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