4. System Overview
HSPA Today
168 HSDPA network deployments in 78 countries
115 commercial HSDPA launches (over 70% WCDMA networks)
More than 260 HSDPA devices launched
Fast upgrade to higher terminal categories
Introduction of receive diversity and advanced receivers
HSUPA launches expected in 2007
Clear evolution path for HSPA
HSPA+ Objectives
Enhance performance of HSPA based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency,
peak data rate and latency
Exploit full potential of WCDMA 5MHz operation
Provide a smooth path towards LTE and interworking between HSPA+ and LTE
Facilitate migration from existing HSPA infrastructure to HSPA+
Allow operation as a packet-only network for both voice and data
5. System Overview
HSPA+ Features
Higher order modulation schemes
64 QAM for HSDPA
16 QAM for HSUPA
Multiple antenna systems for HSPA
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Continuous connectivity for packet data users
Increase number of packet data users by reducing uplink overhead
Fast restart of transmission after a period of temporary inactivity
Improved L1 support for high data rate
Enhanced CELL_FACH state
6. System Overview
HSDPA
New transport and physical channels
HS-DSCH : shared channel
Fast link adaptation
Fast scheduling
Packet scheduling benefiting from the decorrelated UE fast fadings
Fast retransmission mechanism (HARQ)
HSUPA
New transport and physical channels
E-DCH : enhanced dedicated channel
Fast scheduling
Packet scheduling benefiting from UE activity vs. Max UL cell load
Fast retransmission mechanism (HARQ)
Supported but less reactiveSupported but less reactiveSupportedYesTurboBPSK and QPSK2 ms, 10 msSupportedHSUPA
SupportedSupportedSupportedNoTurboQPSK and 16QAM2 ms onlyNot supportedHSDPA
Fast link adaptationFast schedulingHARQPower controlChannel codingModulationTTIMacro Div
8. System Overview
Node B
DL 384 kbps
DL 64 kbps
Node B
DL 384 kbpsNo coverage for PS 384 kbps
No service continuity
Service continuity for PS 64 kbps
Downgrade Upgrade
9. System Overview
PowerPower
ControlControl
Data Power
Unused Power Data
Unused
Same Throughput
RateRate
AdaptationAdaptation 100% Power
100%
R99 : DL transmitted power controlled according to the radio conditions
HSDPA : Using all available power
Controlling DL user throughput according to the radio conditions
- user in good radio conditions : receives a higher bit rate
- user in bad radio conditions : receives a lower bit rate
11. HSDPA : MAC-hs Location
MAC-hs
The efficiency of rate adaptation
Near the PHY
Allows a high reactivity in the resource allocation according to RF condition changes
HS-DSCH
Associated
Uplink
Signaling
Associated
Downlink
Signaling
DCCH DTCHDTCHMAC Control MAC ControlCCCH CTCHBCCHPCCHMAC Control
RRC (RNC)RRC (RNC)
RLC (RNC)RLC (RNC)
HS-PDSCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
RACH
PRACH
RACH
PRACH
DSCH
PDSCH
DSCH
PDSCH
DCH
DPCH
CPCH
PCPCH
CPCH
PCPCH
PCH
S-CCPCH
PCHPCH
S-CCPCHHS-DPCCHHS-SCCH
MAC-c/sh
(C-RNC)
MAC-c/sh
(C-RNC)
DCH
DPDCH/DPCCH
R99 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R99 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)
MAC-d
(S-RNC)
MAC-hs
(NodeB)
MAC-hs
(NodeB)
12. HSDPA : MAC-hs Location
MAC-hs location at Node B
Two sub-layers
one for scheduling
one for HARQ operation
Permits
fast, adaptive scheduling to leverage Adaptive modulation and Coding(AMC)
HARQ techniques
enabling higher peak data rates and capacity
HARQ round trip optimized
keep soft memory requirements at UE to a minimum
Reduces delay for successful delivery of packet compared to RNC based architecture
RLC (in RNC) remains the only repetition layer which guarantees no loss of data
15. HSDPA : Flow Control
Objective
Keep enough data to avoid data shortage when the scheduler selects a UE
Take into account the memory size to avoid overflow
Limit the number of messages sent to RNC on Iub
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
RLC
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
Iub/ Iur
PHY
MAC
PHY
RLC
Uu
MAC-
hs
MAC-d
16. HSDPA : Flow Control
HS-DSCH FP frame data structure
One MAC-d flow
MAC-d PDUs of same length and same priority level
CmCH-PI
0~15
Flush
DRNC should remove or not
Number of MAC-d PDUs is variable
Indicated inband (NumOfPDUs)
NumOfPDUs per FP and FP emission interval : controlled by RNC
User Buffer Size
Bytes
TNL Congestion Control
Frame Sequence Number (FP Frame)
Delay Reference Time (RFN)
Header CRC FT
CmCH-PIFrame Seq Nr
MAC-d PDU Length
MAC-d PDU Length (cont) Spare 1-0
Num Of PDUs
User Buffer Size
User Buffer Size (cont)
Spare, bits 7-4 MAC-d PDU 1
MAC-d PDU 1 (cont) Pad
Header
Spare, bits 7-4 MAC-d PDU n
MAC-d PDU n (cont) Pad
Payload
New IE Flags
7(E) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Spare Extension
Payload CRC (cont)
DRT
DRT (cont)
7 0
Payload CRC
Flush
17. HSDPA : Flow Control
HS-DSCH Capacity Request
RNC indicates the amount of data in bytes
pending in its buffer to Node B per QID
Used to warn Node B
There is nothing to transmit on this QID
There is new data after an IDLE period
HS-DSCH Capacity Allocation
Node B indicates the amount of data to be
sent per QID to RNC
Credits
– 0 : stop
– 2047 : unlimited
Interval credits granted
– 0~2550 (unit of 10ms)
Repetition period : subsequent interval granted
– 0 : unlimited
– 255
DL transport network congestion
– 0~3
1
User Buffer Size
User Buffer Size (cont)
CmCH-PISpare bits 7-4
Spare Extension
Payload
1
0-32
1
Number of
Octets
7 0
HS-DSCH Interval
HS-DSCH Credits (cont)
Maximum MAC-d PDU Length
Maximum MAC-d PDU
Length (cont)
HS-DSCH Credits
HS-DSCH Repetition Period
CmCH-PI
Spare
bits 7-6
07
Spare Extension
HS-DSCH Credits
Congestion
Status
18. HSDPA : Transport Channels
NodeB
HSDPA UE
HS-PDSCH for data (I/B) trafficHS-PDSCH for data (I/B) traffic
HSDPA channelsHSDPA channels
HS-SCCH signaling part (UE id, …) associated
to HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH signaling part (UE id, …) associated
to HS-PDSCH
HS-DPCCH Feedback informationHS-DPCCH Feedback information
Associated DPCH for data, speech + SRB trafficAssociated DPCH for data, speech + SRB traffic
Maximum bit rate achievable in UL can be bottleneck for
the maximum bit rate achievable in DL
excessive delay of RLC/TCP ACKs due to low BW in UL
limit DL throughput
Interactive or background / UL:384 DL: [max bit rate for
UE categories 12 and 6] / PS RAB + UL:3.4 DL:3.4 kbps SRBs
for DCCH
19. HSDPA : HS-SCCH
HS-SCCH reception : as many HS-SCCH transmitted during a TTI as the number of scheduled user
Channelization code set information
Modulation scheme – QPSK/16QAM
TBS information
HARQ process information
Redundancy and constellation version
New data indicator
UE identity
HS-SCCH#2
ACK ACK ACK
7,5 slots
HS-SCCH#1
HS-PDSCH
N_acknack_transmit = 2
2 ms
HS-DPCCH
2 slots
Time multiplexing : 1 HS-SCCH is enough
Code multiplexing : multiple HS-SCCHs are needed
UE may consider at most 4 HS-SCCHs
20. HSDPA : HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
HARQ ACK/NACK
– Can be repeated in consecutive sub-frames : N_acknack_transmit
CQI
– CQI feedback cycle : k
– Repetition factor of CQI : N_cqi_transmit
Power control
– ΔACK offset to be used for ACK transmission
– ΔNACK offset to be used for NACK transmission
– ΔCQI offset to be used for CQI transmission
CQI
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4
1 radio frame = 10ms
Tslot = 2560 chips
= 10 bits
ACK/NACK
2.Tslot = 5120 chips
= 20 bits
HS-DPCCH demodulation
and CQI decoding
CQI adjustment based on BLER
(to reach a BLER target)
and HS-DPCCH activity (in order to deactivate
deficient UE by artificially setting its CQI to 0)
CQIreported
CQIprocessed
HS-DPCCH demodulation
and CQI decoding
CQI adjustment based on BLER
(to reach a BLER target)
and HS-DPCCH activity (in order to deactivate
deficient UE by artificially setting its CQI to 0)
CQIreported
CQIprocessed
improve the detection quality
21. HSDPA : HS-DPCCH
inter-TTI interval = 3 and N_acknack_transmit = 2
CQI Feedback Cycle = 8ms and N_cqi_transmit = 2
Repetition period is needed in some cases :
For cell edge operation, when the available power would not ensure sufficient quality for feedback information
22. HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement – CQI Reporting
Enhanced CQI reporting
Activity-based CQI feedback
NACK-based CQI feedback
CQI Feedback Cycle k
Regular CQI
feedback
Regular CQI
feedback
Data Data
ACK NACK
CQICQI
Node-B
UE
CQI Feedback Cycle k
Regular CQI
feedback
Regular CQI
feedback
Data Data
ACK NACK
CQI
Node-B
UE
23. HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement – ACK/NACK Power Reduction
ACK/NACK transmit power reduction
Detection threshold reduction helps Node B to distinguish between DTX and ACK without requiring a large
ACK transmit power
Preamble/Postamble
ACK :1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NACK:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PREAMBLE (”PRE”) : 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
POSTAMBLE (”POST”): 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
N
HS-DPCCH
HS-DSCH
HS-SCCH
ACK or NACK
Data Packet
N N+1 N+2 N+3
N N+1 N+2N-1
PRE
PREAMBLE
transmitted in sub-
frame N-1 to indicate
reception of relevant
signalling information
in sub-frame N on
HS-SCCH
Normal ACK/NACK
to indicate correct or
incorrect decoding of
packet
POSTAMBLE transmitted
in sub-frame N+1
(unless a packet is
correctly decoded from
sub-frame N+1 on the
HS-DSCH, or control
information is detected in
sub-frame N+2 on the
HS-SCCH)
N+1 N+2 N+3
POST
24. HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement – Fractional DPCH
Tf =10ms 1 radio frame
TPC PilotData1 TFCI Data2
Slot#0 Slot#1 …. …. Slot#14Slot#i
Tslot = 2560 chips
Tx OFF
TPC PilotTx OFFTx OFF
TPC PilotTx OFF
TPC PilotTx OFF
Tf =10ms 1 radio frame
Tx OFF
TPCTx OFF
Tx OFF TPC
Among HSDPA Data-Only users :
1) DCCH signaling is carried on HS-DSCH
2) UE specific TPC bits are present to maintain UL power control loop for each UE
3) Pilot bits are present to allow F-DPCH to be power controlled
and allow DL synchronization to be maintained by each UE
25. HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement – Fractional DPCH
Radio framewith (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio framewith (SFN modulo 2) = 1P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
10 ms 10 ms
Subframe
#
0
0
Subframe
#1
Subframe
#
2
2
Subframe
#3
Subframe
#4
6
Subframe
#5
Subframe
#6
Subframe
#
9
7
HS-PDSCH
Subframes
UL 1 DPCCH
Ttx_diff
τDPCH1UE 1 DPCH
τDPCH2UE 2 DPCH
UE 2 DPCH
τDPCH3
UE 3 DPCH
T0
Shared PC
channel
TPC + pilot bits for
1 slot (or less?)
26. HSDPA : Fast Link Adaptation
Every TTI
Adaptive Modulation and Coding UE radio conditions (CQI)
The number of codes
Code rate
Modulation type
QoS (10% BLER)
QPSK ¼
QPSK ½
QPSK ¾
16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ior/Ioc (dB)
Throughput(kbps)
AMC Illustration
QPSK ¼
QPSK ½
QPSK ¾
16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
QPSK ¼
QPSK ½
QPSK ¾
16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ior/Ioc (dB)
Throughput(kbps)
AMC Illustration
27. HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism
DL asynchronous
There is no fixed relationship between transport block set and timing over radio
flexibility for retransmission (no fixed timing between transmission and retransmission)
UL synchronous
ACK/NACK is transmitted at time instants which have a known timing relationship to the related
downlink transmission
Turbo encoder
Systematic
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic
Parity 1
Parity 2
Original transmission Retransmission
Chase Combining
Rate matching (puncturing)
Retransmission
Incremental Redundancy combining
28. HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Query types
Chase Combining
Same redundancy version than first transmission is applied
QPSK only
RV=0
CC + Constellation Re-arrangement
Same puncturing pattern is applied, but constellation rotation is performed
16 QAM only
RV ∈ [0; 4; 5; 6]
Partial Incremental Redundancy
Systematic bits are prioritized
RV ∈ [0; 2; 4; 6] in QPSK
RV ∈ [0; 2; 4; 5; 6; 7] in 16QAM
Full Incremental Redundancy
Parity bits are prioritized
RV ∈ [1; 3; 5; 7] in QPSK
RV ∈ [1; 3] in 16QAM
Consideration on soft buffer
UE capability
HARQ Type
Consideration on soft buffer
UE capability
HARQ Type
29. HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism – Consideration on UE Capability
3630
3630
27952
20251
14411
14411
7298
7298
7298
7298
7298
7298
Max TB size
CC
CC
IR
CC
IR
CC
IR
CC
IR
CC
IR
CC
HARQ Type at max data rate
1.8
0.9
14.4
10.2
7.2
7.2
3.6
3.6
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.2
Achievable max data rate,
Mbps
1512 (QPSK only)
2511 (QPSK only)
11510
1159
1108
1107
156
155
254
253
352
351
Minimum inter-TTI intervalHS-DSCH codesHS-DSCH Cat.
30. HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism – Consideration on RLC Parameters
150 Kbytes89-10
100 Kbytes87-8
50 Kbytes61-6, 11 and 12
Minimum total RLC AM/MAC-hs memoryMaximum # AM RLC entitiesUE cat.
The size of RLC re-ordering buffer : determines the window length of the packets ensure in-sequence delivery
Buffer size should be no limitations to the data rate
assuming UTRAN end delays (including RLC retransmission handling) are reasonable
31. HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism
HARQ
Retransmitting data blocks not received or received with errors
Combining the transmission and retransmissions
Increase the probability to decode correctly the information
663366666666666633332222
Number of HARQ
Processes
121110987654321UE Category
ACK/NACK/DTX ?
HARQ process assigned
by the scheduler
Y
Update of RV parameters
Data transmission
Wait for ACK/NACK
reception
Insertion of DTX
indication
Reset HARQ process
Remove Mac-d PDU
Update structures
Nret = Nret +1
Nret > Nret_max ?
Wait for
retransmission
NACK
DTX
N
WACK state
NACK/DTX state
ACK
32. HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism
RV parameters
IR/Modulation parameters [r,s,b] channel coding/modulation
r,s : redundancy version 2nd
rate matching state
– s : indicate whether the systematic bits (s=1) or non-systematic bits (s=0) are prioritized in transmission
– r (0~rmax-1) : changes the initialization Rate Matching parameter value modify puncturing or repetition
pattern
b : constellation re-arrangement step
– b (0~3) : which operations are produced on the 4 bits of each symbol only in 16 QAM
Xrv value to UE : HS-SCCH
0117
3016
2015
1014
1103
1112
0001
0010
brsXrv (Value)
307
316
205
214
103
112
001
010
rsXrv (Value)
33. HSDPA : Scheduling Principle
Cell-specific parameters :
Allocated HS-SCCH codes
Allocated HS-PDSCH codes
Allocated HSDPA power
Cell-specific parameters :
Allocated HS-SCCH codes
Allocated HS-PDSCH codes
Allocated HSDPA power
User-specific parameters :
SPI : scheduling priority indicator
Guaranteed Bit Rate
Discard Timer
UE capability/category
Amount of data buffered in Node B
User-specific parameters :
SPI : scheduling priority indicator
Guaranteed Bit Rate
Discard Timer
UE capability/category
Amount of data buffered in Node B
Packet Scheduler
(metric calculation)
Packet Scheduler
(metric calculation)
Scheduling principle
Operator service strategy
Scheduling decision
Basic : how to share the available resources to the pool of users eligible to receive data
Utility function (F. Kelly) : Un (rn)
n : a particular HSDPA user
rn : average throughput for the n-th user
measure of the “happiness or satisfaction” gained from being scheduled
The best scheduling function : the one that maximizes the sum of utility function for all the users at any given time !!!
34. HSDPA : Fast Scheduling
MAC-hs scheduler
Goal : optimize the radio resources occupancy between users
outputs
Select Queue ID
The amount of corresponding MAC-d PDUs to transmit
Inputs
Number of codes available
Remaining power for HS-PDSCH/HS-SCCH
Received ACK/NACK and CQI
Previously scheduled data
UE capability
RNC configuration parameters
Main concepts
Retransmissions are of higher priority than new transmission (first scheduled)
QID is chosen according to the SPI/CmCH-PI and the radio conditions based on CQI
TBs should always be optimized according to the transmitted CQI when possible
– If enough codes and power are available
– If there is no CPU limitation
No QID should be left starving (those with low priority and bad CQI)
35. HSDPA : Fast Scheduling
Scheduling Algorithms
Round Robin
UEs are scheduled one after the other one
MAX C/I
UE with the best CQI is scheduler
Pure Fair Scheduler
Throughput provided per UE must be equal
Users with the lowest throughput are then scheduled first
Classical Proportional Fair
Users are chosen according to the instantaneous CQI/Averaged CQI criteria
UEs in their best instantaneous conditions with regard to their average are scheduled first
36. HSDPA : MAC Processing
MAC-d multiplexing of logical channels into a single MAC-d flow
MAC layer can multiplex different services together into a single transport channel
– Both services have similar QoS characteristics
Logical channels
– DTCH
– DCCH : cannot mapped to MAC-d flow in Rel.5 (additional functionality in Rel.6)
Multiplexing (MAC-d in RNC)
Multiplexing (MAC-d in RNC)
MAC-hs in Node BMAC-hs in Node B
PHY layer HS-DSCH
PHY layer HS-DSCH
DTCHs
MAC-d flow
HS-DSCH
HS-PDSCH
37. HSDPA : MAC PDU Format
MAC PDU : HS-DSCH
VF : 1 bit
Queue ID : 3 bits
Identification of the reordering queue in the receiver
TSN : 6 bits
Used for reordering process to support in-sequence delivery
SID : 3 bits
Size of a set of consecutive MAC-d PDUs
N : 7 bits
Number of consecutive MAC-d PDUs with equal size
In FDD mode, the max number of PDUs transmitted in a single TTI = 70
F : 1 bit
Flag indicating if more fields are present (0 additional SID/N/F, max number of extensions = 7)
Queue ID TSN SID1 N1 F1 SID2 N2 F2 SIDk Nk Fk
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC-hs SDU
Mac-hs payload
VF
38. HSDPA : Fast Scheduling - MAC-d Flow and Priority Queue
CMCH_PI = 3CMCH_PI = 3CMCH_PI = 4
MAC_d Flow ID=0 MAC_d Flow ID=1
Queue ID
# 0 # 1 # 2
Node B
RNC
MAC_d Flow ID = 0
Queue ID CMCH_PI
0
1
4
3
MAC_d Flow ID = 1
Queue ID CMCH_PI
2 3
UE #i 312
301
400
CmCH_PIMAC-d Flow IDQueue ID
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
UE # 0
UE # i
Priorities
• • •
UE # n
• • •
1 / 2 0
39. HSDPA : Fast Scheduling - Basic Concept of Scheduler
Flow Control
UE1 UE2
…
TTIs
NACK
Use all the codes
for new packets …
New packets
New packetsPower Limitation
HARQ processes
…
UE1 UE2 UEN
Q0
Credit = x PDUs
…
UE1 UE2 UEN
…
UE1 UE2 UEN
Q15
Credit = z PDUs
Q1
Credit = y PDUs
…
UE1 UE2 UEN
…
UE1 UE2 UEN …
41. HSDPA : Power Management
Traffic Power
(SHO reserved)
Overhead
Power
(Common
Channels)
Traffic Power
P traffic
P traffic admission
Call Blocking Threshold
P traffic admission = P
traffic * callAdmissionRatio
P traffic =
maxTxPower-
Overhead power
Call Blocking Threshold represents the
level above which new calls are blocked,
only new SHO legs are accepted.
maxTxPower
42. HSDPA : Power Management
Flexible Power Management
Maximizes HS-DSCH throughput
DCH traffic is given priority over HSDPA traffic
Node B
Remaining power management : for HSDPA traffic,
MAC-hs scheduler uses Node B PA power not used by
DCH
RNC
Minimum power can be reserved for HS-DSCH and HS-
SCCH
Admission for DCH traffic based on
Ptraffic = MaxTxPower – PminHsdpa – Pcch
Capability to reserve power for SHO still enabled
Power pool self-tuning based on new measurement
“Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for
HS-PDSCH or HS-SCCH transmission”
Pcch
(Common
channels)
Traffic
Power
Traffic
power (SHO
reserved)
PTraffic
PTraffic
admission
MaxTxPower
Min power for
HS-DSCH and
HS-SCCH
RNC
NodeB
Pmax for HSDPA cell operation
Ptotal on non-HSDPA
channels
43. HSDPA : Power Management
Yes
No
Compute HS-SCCH and HS-DSCH
power for this UE
Update the remaining power
UnusedHsdpaPower -= PHsScch+PHsDsch
Beginning of the TTI
A new UE is
selected
Changing TTI
UnusedHsdpaPower = PHSDPA
44. HSDPA : Power Management
CCCRNC
SHO margin
Ptraffic
RNC
OCNS (opt.)
PminHsdpa
PMaxCell
PmaxHsdpa
CCCRNC
SHO margin
Ptraffic
RNC
OCNS (opt.)
PminHsdpa
PMaxCell
PmaxHsdpa
PRemain
PTotNonHsdpaWithMargin
CCCNodeB
DCH margin
DCH
NodeB
OCNS (opt.)
PMaxCell
PTotNonHsdpa
PRemain
PTotNonHsdpaWithMargin
CCCNodeB
DCH margin
DCH
NodeB
OCNS (opt.)
PMaxCell
PTotNonHsdpa
PHSDPA = min( PRemain , PmaxHsdpa )
Common channel consumption at Node B is lower
than at RNC level activity consideration
Flexible power management for HSDPA
45. HSDPA : Power Management
Power
consumed by
all codes
NodeB
PMaxCell
PTotCell
Power
consumed by
non HSDPA
codes
NodeB
PMaxCell
PTotCell
HSDPA PTotHsdpa
Transmitted Carrier Power Averaged HSDPA Power
Power consumed by non HSDPA codes includes DL HSUPA
channel power
COMMON MEASUREMENT message (100ms measurement) :
Total Non HSDPA Power RNC CAC for HSPA cells
46. HSDPA : Power Management
HS-SCCH power
CQI
PHS-SCCH = PP-CPICH + hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)
CQIReported hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)
CQI
PHS-SCCH = PP-CPICH + hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)
CQIReported hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)
CCC
DCH margin
PRemain
DCH
NodeB
OCNS (opt.)
HS-DSCH
HS-SCCH
PSEUDO closed loop power control for HS-SCCH :
1)Associated DPCCH power control commands
adjusted relative to the Tx power of the associated DL DPCCH
power offset between HS-SCCH and DPCCH can be set (QoS)
2)CQI reports
adjusted as a function of CQI report
power offset between each CQI index and the required HS-SCCH power
47. HSDPA : Power Management
HS-DSCH power
HSDPA power not allocated to HS-SCCH(s)
PHS-DSCH [dBm] = PP-CPICH[dBm] + G[dB] + D(CQIprocessed)[dB]
PHS-PDSCH[dBm] = PHS-DSCH[dBm] - 10log(#codes)
– PP-CPICH is the power of the P-CPICH channel
– G : the measurement power offset (RRC)
– D : the reference power offset given by the tables of CQI
UE needs to have a power as reference in order to adapt the reported CQI to the radio link
condition
– In the same radio condition, the reported CQI will be higher if more power is used to
transmitted the HS-DSCH channel
CQI is chosen to insure a transmission with a given BLER (QoS)
– Measurement power offset can be seen as HS-DSCH power required by the mobile
corresponding to the reported CQI
– The reference power offset is the one corresponding to the processed CQI, not the
reported CQI
48. HSDPA : Transmission Limitation
TF
Determined according to the processed CQI, not the reported one
CQI adjustment
Power limitation
Code limitation
Optimization of CQI according to MAC-d PDU size (336/656 bits)
Lack of MAC-d PDU in buffer or TB size limitation
320 1621 Padding
Mac-d PDU
Mac-hs transport block(CQI2)
320 16
320 1621 Padding
Mac-d PDU
Mac-hs transport block(CQI3)
320 16
49. HSDPA : Iub Transport Bandwidth
15808 kbps12160 kbpsCat 10
10608 kbps8160 kbpsCat 9
8736 kbps6720 kbpsCat 7 – 8
4368 kbps3360 kbpsCat 1 – 6
1872 kbps1440 kbpsCat 11 – 12
Throughput. at ATM layer (+30% protocol headers)Throughput at RLC level (kbps)HS-DSCH category
15360134401152096007680576038401920IuB bandwidth
8 E1
(Kbps)
7 E1
(Kbps)
6 E1
(Kbps)
5 E1
(Kbps)
4 E1
(Kbps)
3 E1
(Kbps)
2 E1
(Kbps)
1 E1
(Kbps)
# E1
+10%
signalling
&OaM
Iub Links
(E1)
Eng margin
+31% Protocol headers
HSDPA traffic
at RLC layer
R99 DL traffic
at RLC layer
10% signalling&OaM
+Macro Diversity (eg. 30%)
Protocol headers
+RLC BLER for PS (eg. 10%)
R99+HSDPA
average traffic
at ATM layer
Bw = 5% (Aal5-Vcc)
+10%
signalling
&OaM
Iub Links
(E1)
Eng margin
+31% Protocol headers
HSDPA traffic
at RLC layer
R99 DL traffic
at RLC layer
10% signalling&OaM
+Macro Diversity (eg. 30%)
Protocol headers
+RLC BLER for PS (eg. 10%)
R99+HSDPA
average traffic
at ATM layer
Bw = 5% (Aal5-Vcc)
+10%
signalling
&OaM
Iub Links
(E1)
Eng margin
+31% Protocol headers
HSDPA traffic
at RLC layer
R99 DL traffic
at RLC layer
10% signalling&OaM
+Macro Diversity (eg. 30%)
Protocol headers
+RLC BLER for PS (eg. 10%)
R99+HSDPA
average traffic
at ATM layer
Bw = 5% (Aal5-Vcc)
50. HSDPA : HS-DSCH Mobility
Lack of soft handover for HS-DSCH
Only 1 serving HS-DSCH cell
Associated DCH itself : soft handover
Active set up to 6 cells
Cell of DCH
active set
Serving
Cell
Cell of DCH
active set
Node-B Node-B Node-B
Associated DCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-DPCCH
Comparison of relative CPICH levels inside the active set
trigger a change in the serving HS-DSCH cell
Rel.5 : serving cell change inside the active set
Rel.6 : active set update carries out serving cell change
51. HSDPA : HS-DSCH Mobility
Received by one cellSofter handoverUL HS-DPCCH
NO
when RLC AM mode is used
NO
when RLC AM mode is used
when duplicate packets are
sent on RLC UM mode
NO
Packet losses
RLC retransmissions used in
SRNC
Not forwarded, RLC
retransmissions used in SRNC
Forwarded from source MAC-hs
to target MAC-hs
Packet
retransmission
Serving RNCHO decision
Typically by UE, but possibly also by Node BHO measurement
HS-DSCH to DCH
Inter Node B
HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH
Intra Nod B
HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH
55. DCH vs. HSDPA vs. HSUPA
10, 2280, 40, 20, 10TTI [ms]
YESNOYESSoft handover
YESYESNOFast HARQ
YESYESNONode B based scheduling
NOYESNOAdaptive modulation
YESNOYESFast power control
YESNOYESVariable SF
HSUPA (E-DCH)HSDPA (HS-DSCH)DCHFEAUTRE
HSUPA HARQ : fully synchronous
with IR, even transmitted redundancy version can be predetermined
operates in soft handover
56. DCH vs. HSUPA
SF256-SF4
2xSF4
-
2xSF2
-
2xSF4 + 2xSF2
SF256-SF4
2xSF4
3xSF4
4xSF4
5xSF4
6xSF4
15-960kbps
1.92Mbps
2.88Mbps
3.84Mbps
4.80Mbps
5.76Mbps
E-DPDCHDPDCHChannel bit rates
Physical channel bit rate
Multi-code not supported in practice with DPDCH (practical maximum for DPDCH is 1xSF4)
256
15kbps
2
1920kbps
YES
BPSK
10, 2
2xSF4 + 2xSF2
256
15kbps
4
960kbps
YES
BPSK
80, 40, 20, 10
6xSF4
Maximum SF
Minimum channel data rate
Minimum SF
Maximum channel data rate
Fast power control
Modulation
TTI
Maximum number of parallel codes
E-DPDCHDPDCHFeature
57. HSUPA : Principle
Node-B
UE
E-HICH
Absolute Grant
E-DCH control and data
Associated DCH
Scheduler is much closer to the radio interface
has more instantaneous information about the UL interference situation
can control UL data rates in a rapid manner
UL load control tightly
Node B
Downgrade
2ms TTI feasible area
10ms TTI feasible area
58. HSUPA : MAC Protocol Architecture - UTRAN side
PHY PHY
EDCH FP EDCH FP
IubUE NodeB
Uu
DCCH DTCH
TNL TNL
DTCH DCCH
MAC -e
SRNC
MAC -d
MAC -e
MAC -d
MAC -es /
MAC -e
MAC -es
Iur
TNL TNL
DRNC
59. HSUPA : MAC-es/e details – UTRAN side
MAC-es
MAC – Control
From
MAC-e in
NodeB #1
To MAC-d
Disassembly
Reordering Queue
Distribution
Reordering Queue
Distribution
Disassembly
Reordering/
Combining
Disassembly
Reordering/
Combining
Reordering/
Combining
From
MAC-e in
NodeB #k
MAC-d flow #1 MAC-d flow #n
MAC-e
MAC – Control
E-DCH
Associated
Downlink
Signalling
Associated
Uplink
Signalling
MAC-d Flows
De-multiplexing
HARQ entity
E-DCH
Control (FFS)
E-DCH
Scheduling (FFS)
60. HSUPA : MAC-es/e details – UTRAN side
MAC-d in RNC
MAC-d in RNC
MAC-e in Node BMAC-e in Node B
PHY layer E-DCH
PHY layer E-DCH
DCCH/DTCHs
MAC-d flows
E-DCH
E-DPDCHs
Reordering (MAC-es in RNC)
Reordering (MAC-es in RNC)
MAC-d flows
61. HSUPA : MAC-es/e details – UE side
MAC-es/e
MAC – Control
Associated Uplink
Signalling E-TFC
(E-DPCCH)
To MAC-d
HARQ
Multiplexing and TSN settingE-TFC Selection
Associated Scheduling
Downlink Signalling
(E-AGCH / E-RGCH(s))
Associated ACK/NACK
signaling
(E-HICH)
62. HSUPA : MAC PDU Processing – UE side
MAC-d Flows
MAC-es PDUMAC-e header
DCCH DTCH DTCH
HARQ
processes
Multiplexing
DATA
MAC-d DATA
DATA
DDI N Padding
(Opt)
RLC PDU:
MAC-e PDU:
L1
RLC
DDI N
Mapping info signaled over RRC
PDU size, logical channel id, MAC-d flow
id => DDI
DATA DATA
MAC-d PDU:
DDI
Header
MAC-es/e
Numbering MAC-es PDU: TSN DATA DATANumbering Numbering
63. HSUPA : MAC PDU Processing – UTRAN side
Mac-es PDU:
Reordering queue
distribution
Reordering queue
distribution
DCCH DTCH DTCH
MAC-d Flows
HARQ
Demultiplexing
DATAHeader
MAC-d
MAC-e
DATA
DATA
DATA DATA
MAC-e PDU:
RLC PDU:
L1
RLC
Reordering
MAC-es
Reordering Reordering
Disassembly Disassembly Disassembly
MAC-d PDU:
Mapping info signaled to Node B
DDI => MAC-d PDU size, MAC-d flow ID
TSN
MAC-e header
DDI N Padding
(Opt)
DDI N DATADATADDI
Transport block:
DDI NIub FP:
64. HSUPA : MAC PDU Format
MAC-es PDU : E-DCH
TSN : 6 bits
MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDU
MAC-es SDUMAC-es SDUTSN1N1DDI1 MAC-es SDU
MAC-d PDUs coming from one Logical Channel
N1 MAC-es SDUs of size and LCh indicated by DDI1
MAC-es PDU1
65. HSUPA : MAC PDU Format
MAC-e PDU
DDI : 6 bits
Identify the logical channel, MAC-d flow and size of the MAC-d PDUs concatenated into the
associated MAC-es PDU
N : 6 bits
Number of MAC-d PDUs corresponding to the same DDI value
DDI1 N1 DDI2 N2
DDI1 N1 DDI2 N2 DDIn Nn DDI0
(Opt)
MAC-es PDU1 MAC-es PDU2 MAC-es PDUn
MAC-es PDU2MAC-es PDU1 DDIn Nn MAC-es PDUn
MAC-e PDU
SI
(Opt)
Padding
(Opt)
66. HSUPA : MAC PDU Format
User Data Bits
MAC-e header
Several MAC-es PDUs (336 bits each)
Scheduling Information
UPH (5 bits) : power headroom
TEBS (5 bits) : buffer size
HLID (4 bits) : ID of highest priority queue
HLBS (4 bits) : occupancy of the highest priority queue
SI
0...19982 bits
Mac-e header
18 bits
Mac-es PDU Mac-es PDU padding
TBsize
...
67. HSUPA : Signaling of Control Information
UL Scheduling Information
Happy Bit (in E-DPCCH)
Scheduling Information (in MAC-e PDU)
Highest priority Logical channel ID (HLID)
Total E-DCH Buffer Status (TEBS)
– The amount of data in number of bytes that is
available for transmission/ retransmission in the RLC
layer
Highest priority Logical channel Buffer Status (HLBS)
– The amount of data available from the logical
channel HLID, relative to (TEBS or 50000 bytes)
UE Power Headroom (UPH)
37642 < TEBS31
28339 < TEBS ≤ 3764230
10 < TEBS ≤ 142
0 < TEBS ≤ 101
TEBS = 00
TEBS Value (bytes)Index
82 < HLBS15
68 < HLBS ≤ 8214
55 < HLBS ≤ 6813
45 < HLBS ≤ 5512
12 < HLBS ≤ 145
4 < HLBS ≤ 61
0 < HLBS ≤ 40
HLBS values (%)Index
68. HSUPA : Happy Bit Setting
Criteria for unhappy
UE is transmitting as much scheduled data as allowed by Serving_Grant in E-TFC
selection
UE has enough power available to transmit at higher data rate
Identify E-TFC : TBS > smallest RLC PDU + TBS of E-TFC selected
TEBS requires more than Happy_Bit_Delay_Condition with following patameters
Serving Grant
Ratio of active process to the total number of processes
69. HSUPA : Scheduling Information Reporting
Triggering is indicated to E-TFC selection function at the first new
transmission opportunity
May be delayed : HARQ processes are occupied with retransmissions
Not be transmitted if TEBS = 0
Take place on every HARQ process
SG=Zero_Grant or all processes are deactivated
TEBS > 0
Higher priority data arrives than that of already buffered
Periodic : RRC MAC
TEBS > 0
T_SING : Timer Scheduling Information – Zero_Grant
SG<>Zero_Grant and at least one process is activated
E-DCH serving cell change
New E-DCH serving cell is not part of the previous Serving E-DCH RLS
Periodic : RRC MAC
T_SIG : Timer Scheduling Information – different from Zero_Grant
70. HSUPA : Related Transport/PHY Channels
E-DCH transport channel
Only for UL
Two possible TTI : 10ms and 2ms
Possibility of HARQ process with retransmission procedures
Each transmitted block is numbered
Possibility of smart redundancy management
Turbo coding with rate 1/3
CRC is 24 bits length
E-TFCI
Indicates which format is currently used for UL transmission
E-DPCCHE-DPDCH
E-HICH
E-HICHE-AGCH
E-AGCH
E-RGCH
E-RGCH
71. HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-DPCCH
Happy bit (1 bit)
1 : happy
0 : unhappy
RSN (2 bits)
HARQ
0, 1, 2, 3, 3, ...
E-TFCi (7 bits)
0-127 SF/E-DPDCHs
E-DPCCH power
Relative to DPCCH power
Index [0…8] is signaled by RNC
2
2
c
ec
ec
β
β
=Δ
HB RSN
10 bits
E-TFCi
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
=Δ 2
2
10log10
c
ecdB
ec
β
β
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
index
Δec
72. HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-HICH and E-RGCH
+1
DTX
DTX
+1
-1
DTX
ACK
NACK
-
TTI received correctly
TTI received incorrectly
TTI not detected
Other cells
Cells in the same RLS with
serving HSUPA cell
Transmission on E-HICH
Logical responseE-DCH TTI reception
UE will continue retransmitting until at least one cell responds with an ACK
Save DL TX power : only ACKs actually consume DL capacity
All the cells in the same Node B in softer handover: assumed to receive UL E-DPDCH transmission in cooperation
Not allowed
-1
DTX
+1
-1
DTX
UP
DOWN
HOLD
Increase UE allocation
Decrease UE allocation
Keep the current one
Other cells
Cells in the serving E-DCH
RLS
Transmission on E-RGCH
Transmitted
message
Scheduler decision
73. HSUPA : Signaling of Control Information
DL scheduling information
Relative Grants
Serving Relative Grant
– Transmitted on downlink on the E-RGCH from all cells in the serving E-DCH RLS
– UP/DOWN/HOLD
Non-serving Relative Grant
– Transmitted on downlink on the E-RGCH from a non-serving E-DCH RL
– DOWN/HOLD
Absolute Grant
Identity Type : E-RNTI
– Primary
– Secondary : group usage
Absolute Grant Value
– Maximum E-DCH traffic to pilot ratio (E-DPDCH/DPCCH)
Absolute Grant Scope
– Per HARQ process(2ms TTI only, reduction in the minimum data rate)
– 2ms : 320 bits PDU minimum RLC data rate of 160kbps (AVG 20kbps if 1 process)
– 10ms : 32kbps
– All HARQ process (10ms TTI, Identity Type=Secondary)
74. HSUPA : Scheduling Principle
Scheduled transmission
Node B scheduling mode with L1/MAC control signaling
Advanced scheduling
Turn off specific HARQ process (RRC or Node B EAGCH signaling)
Use 2 different UE-ids (Primary/Secondary E-RNTI) for flexible resource allocation
Non-scheduled transmission
RNC controlled mode
Allow RNC to configure a specific MAC-d flow (a specific service) to have a
guaranteed data rate (GBR such as for VoIP : similar to DCH allocation)
Effectively disabling Node B scheduler control of this particular service
If 2ms TTI used
Restricted to specific HARQ process only
minimum data rate allocation can be reduced
75. HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-DPDCH (TB size)
Signalled by RNC : 4 possible tables
TTI (2 / 10ms)
Type (0 / 1)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
x 10
4
E-TFCi
TBsize
Table 10ms
type 0
type 1
76. HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-DPDCH (MAC PDU)
User Data Bits
MAC-e header
Several MAC-es PDUs (336 bits each)
Scheduling Information
UPH (5 bits) : power headroom
TEBS (5 bits) : buffer size
HLID (4 bits) : ID of highest priority queue
HLBS (4 bits) : occupancy of the highest priority queue
SI
0...19982 bits
Mac-e header
18 bits
Mac-es PDU Mac-es PDU padding
TBsize
...
80. HSUPA : Receiver Architecture
DPCCH
receiver
OK
KO
channel estimation
E-DPCCH
detection
yes
no
E-DPCCH
decoding
e-TFCi
E-DPDCH
decoding
CRC
E-HICH
for re-transmission
MAC-e data frame
81. HSUPA : Example of Multi-service Management
RNCNode-B
HSPA-capable
Rel.6 UE
HS-SCCH Signaling part
(UE id, …)
HS-PDSCH for Mono PS I/B traffic
HS-DPCCH Feedback information
(CQI, ACK/NACK)
Associated DPDCH for CS/PS str/SRB traffic
E-AGCH Scheduling information
(e-RNTI, Scheduling Grant)
E-DPDCH for Mono PS I/B traffic
E-HICH Feedback information
ACK/NACK, signature)
E-DPCCH Feedback information
(e-TFCI, RSN, Happy bit)
Once
UL PS I/B + PS I/B
then
UL DCH Fall back
82. HSUPA : E-DCH Mobility
DCH active set
E-DCH active set
Identical or a subset of DCH active set (decided by SRNC)
E-HICH (cells belonging to the same RLS)
Same RLS : same MAC-e entity (same Node B)
Same as the set of cells sending identical TPC bits
– excluding the cells which are not in E-DCH active set
Have the same contents
Combined by UE
E-DCH Absolute Grant
Single Serving E-DCH cell
Serving E-DCH cell and HS-DSCH Serving cell shall be identical (RRC signaling is independent)
E-RGCH
Each cell of E-DCH active set
Same RLS RGCHs same contents : combined
Non-serving E-DCH RLS RGCHs cell specific : cannot be combined
L1 MAC
ACK/NACKs after combining
AG from the servince cell
RGs
One from the Serving E-DCH RLS after combing
One from each Non-serving RL
83. HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution - Intra-frequency E-DCH Mobility
Non Serving
Cell#3
Serving
Cell
Non Serving
Cell#2
Node-B Node-B Node-B
UE
DCH in
Macro
diversity
Non
Serving
Cell
Maximum Radio Combining
In Serving Node-B
E-HICH
Absolute Grant
E-DCH control and data
Associated DCH (in SHO)
84. HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution - Macro Diversity
Non
Serving
Cell
Serving
RL Cell
E-RGCH & E-HICH
E-AGCH
E-DPCCH & E-DPDCH
Non
Serving
Cell
Node-B
Node-B
Node-B
Rel.6 UE
E-DCH in
Macro
Diversity
Non
Serving
Cell
Associated DCH
E-DCH Macro Div existence
depending on available
processing resources !!!!!
e-DCH Macro diversity:
One serving e-DCH cell (i.e. E-AGCH)
Multiple Node-B E-DCH control
-E-DPCCH
-E-DPDCH demodulation
E-HICH & E-RGCH from different cells
-serving and non-serving cells
• Associated DCH still in classical Rel.99 Macro Diversity
• Best Effort E-DCH Macro Diversity
• Macro Div link level gain on E-DPDCH traffic
• Intra and Inter Node-B scheduling (i.e. E-RGCH mgt)
85. HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution - Macro Diversity
Pros and Cons
Gain on link level performance
Pros
– The higher number of SHO branches, the larger the e-DCH coverage
– The higher number of SHO branches, the higher the e-DCH throughput at cell edge
Cons
– The higher the data rate on e-DCH in SHO, the higher the impact on neighboring Node
B processing capacity
– 3GPP best effort E-DCH SHO (no E-DCH SHO if neighboring Node B processing capacity
is not enough)
Real seamless user connectivity
Pros
– Robust radio connection quite useful for RT services
Cons
– As HSDPA, not requested for I/B (best-effort) traffic
Inter-cell management
Pros
– Neighboring non-serving cells can regulate the load impact of surrounding serving E-
DCH cell activity
Cons
– Peak E-DCH user data rate could be limited by neighboring cell E-RGCH management
86. HSUPA : Load Management in Node B
Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP, TS25.215)
Cell
Measurement at the Rx antenna connector
UL load : =
N0 : corresponds to the thermal noise constant (-173dBm/Hz)
Nf : noise factor of the BTS (2dB)
W : bandwidth (3.84MHz)
RTWP : current total wideband received power in the cell
: thermal noise
Reference RTWP that corresponds to the amount of power received in the cell when the load is 0
N0 = kT ~ -174dBm/Hz
– K is Boltzmann constant : 1.381 x 10-23 J/K
– T is the temperature expressed in Kelvin : T=290K (16.84oC)
Maximum Noise Rise allowed to E-DCH cell : RoTmax = RTWPmax - RTWPref
E-DCH scheduler must know the RoTmax
HSUPA max load = 1-10 - Noise_Rise_HSUPA (in dB) /10 (RoTmax=7dB 80% max UL load for R99/E-DCH)
RTWP
WNN f
UL
0
1−=η
RTWP
RTWPref
UL −=1η
WNN f0 Thermal Noise
CS12.2
CS12.2
PS64
CS64
Max allowed UL load
Available
UL load for
E-DCH
scheduling
RSSI
87. HSUPA : Load Management in Node B
UL load indication
UL PS384 RAB (SF4)
About 3 calls may generate a noise rise higher than 3dB, corresponding to 50% of UL load
What will be happened for EDCH SF4x2+SF2x2 service ?
Beyond 75% load system may be destabilized
Significant neighboring cell interference
Cell coverage reduction
Call drop
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
UL load
NoiseRise(dB)
Noise Rise vs. UL load
89. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
SF256 SF128 SF64 SF32 SF16 SF8 SF4 2xSF4
Throughput(Mbps)
eDCH throughput vs physical channel configuration type table 1
PhCH Index (3GPP TS25212 definition)
70.8
37.2
5
(1xSF16)
1448.4306154.835.41.8
Max user MAC-e
throughput (kbps)
337.8169.885.818.61.8
Min user MAC-e
throughput (kbps)
8
(2xSF4)
7
(1xSF4)
6
(1xSF8)
4
(1xSF32)
1
(1xSF256)
PhCH Index
(SF)
PhCH Index 1 for user
Scheduling Information
data flow @ 1.8kbps on E-
DPDCH (3GPP TS25.309)
RLC PDU size @ 336bits
too big to match with PhCH
Index 2 & 3 TrBlock size
UE Rate Matching as function of
UE Tx Pw availability,
RF conditions,
Node-B grants,
…
HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation – MAC-e Throughput
90. HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation
E-DPDCH power
Relative to DPCCH power
Signalled by RNC
only 8 "References E-TFC" are signalled by RNC
ΔHARQ = an additionnal offset (in dB)
The 8 "References E-TFC" signalled
ETFC-iref
: 0 - 127
Index of amplitude offset of a single channel : 0-31
Computed by the UE
128 E-TFCi ⇔ 128 power offsets
-9.5dB ~ 28.7dB
2
2
,,
c
iedied
ed
n
β
β
=Δ
2994
2889
2785
2679
2571
2462
2247
1711
PO indexETFC index
Example of reference E-TFC
91. HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation – An Example of Reference Signaled E-TFCI
5/150
6/151
7/152
8/153
9/154
11/155
12/156
13/157
15/158
106/1525
119/1526
134/1527
150/1528
168/1529
Quantized amplitude ratios
Aed =βed/βc
Signaled values for ∆E-DPDCH
29948
28897
27856
26795
25714
24623
22472
17111
referenceEtfciPowerOffsetreferenceEtfciReferenceEtfciList
Scheduling Grant Table (-9.5~28.7dB)
92. HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation – An Example of TB size vs. E-DPDCH Power
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
x 10
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
TB size (bits)
E-DPDCHpowerrelativtoDPCCH(dB)
E-DPDCH power vs. transport block size
Reference signaled E-TFCI
93. HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation
•E-DPCCH gain factor :
•E-DPDCH gain factor : takes a different value for each E-TFC and HARQ offset
•Gain factors for different E-TFCs and HARQ offsets are computed, based on reference gain factors of E-TFCs
•Gain factors of E-TFCs are signaled as reference E-TFCs (HARQ offset : 0~6dB)
•Reference gain factor (reference E-TFC) :
E-TFCIref,1 < E-TFCIref,2 < … < E-TFCIref,M
E-TFCIref,m <= E-TFCIj < E-TFCIref,m+1 (reference is m-th E-TFC)
eccec A⋅= ββ
edcrefed A⋅= ββ ,
20, ,
, , ,
, ,
10
harq
e ref e j
ed j harq ed ref
e j e ref
L K
L K
β β
Δ⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= ⋅
99. HSPA : Radio Resource Management
RRM (RNC/Node B - UE)
Resource allocation
Packet scheduling
Power control / Load control
HARQ
Admission control
Mobility Management
Congestion control
No congestion
Delay build-up
Lost packets
QoS parameterization
100. HSPA : Transport Channel Type Selection
Some possible rules
CS RAB is established on a DCH channel
Streaming RAB is established on a DCH channel
For a R5 UE (HSDPA capable)
DL PS I/B RB is preferred on HSDPA
For a R6 UE (HSDPA and HSUPA capable)
DL PS I/B RB is preferred on HSDPA
UL PS I/B RB is preferred on HSUPA
101. HSPA : QoS Differentiation
Service differentiation
PS data services have different QoS requirements
Need to provide QoS differentiation among these different services
Streaming video, web browsing, …
Treat PS services differently when performing admission control
Subscribers differentiation
Preferential treatment can be granted to premium users
Consuming a high volume of data
QoS attributes (by RNC)
Traffic Class
Allocation/Retention Priority
Traffic Handling Priority (only defined for Interactive TC)
GBR
Differential priority
Subscriber priority
MAC logical channel priority
Scheduling priority indicator
102. HSPA : CAC
RAB matching
Any PS RAB request with I/B traffic class HSDPA/HSUPA RB configuration
If HSDPA/HSUPA capable
If primary cell of the active set supports HSDPA/HSUPA
HSUPA not supported in the cell (but HSDPA present)
Request is mapped on UL DCH/DL HSDPA
Neither HSUPA nor HSDPA supported in the cell
Request is mapped on UL/DL DCH
CAC
RNC CAC
Any I/B RAB request is admitted on HSDPA/HSUPA
– Until the maximum number of simultaneous users allowed on HSDPA/HSUPA is reached
Not enough HSDPA/HSUPA resources
– DCH fallback mechanism is triggered
Node B CAC : can be applied after RNC procedure
103. HSPA : RLC Reconfiguration (by Bearer Transition)
RLC reconfiguration, if needed
Chanel type switching between DCH and HS-DSCH
Optional (PS I/B RAB – only RLC AM parameters)
Tune RLC settings (like timers) to the characteristics of the transport channel
RB reconfiguration (due to mobility or Always-On)
Done simultaneously with the transport channel reconfiguration
RB addition/delete (due to RAB assignment/release)
Cannot be performed simultaneously with the RB addition/deletion
RLC PDU size/queue size cannot be changed
104. Annex A : RLC Modes
RLC - SDU
RLC - PDU
RLC
RLC – SDU #1
RLC – Segment.
RLC – SDU #2
RLC – Segment.RLC
Header
RLC
Header
RLC PDU RLC PDU
Segmentation
Concatenation
RLC-PDU 1 RLC-PDU 2
RLC-SDU1
RLC-PDU not received
RLC-PDU 3 RLC-PDU 4 RLC-PDU 5 RLC-PDU 6
lost RLC-SDU RLC-SDU3
Transparent Mode (All CS, some kinds of PS)
UM/AM Mode (PS)
AM = UM + some properties
-ACK for RLC-PDU transmitted
-Flow control (suspend/resume)
-Error correction through retransmission
Sequence Number Check
105. Annex B : MAC Functions (1/2)
Transport Channels
Common transport channels
RACH
FACH
HS-DSCH
BCH
PCH
Dedicated transport channels
DCH
E-DCH
Logical channels Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Control Channel
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)Traffic Channel
Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)
Shared Channel Control Channel (SHCCH)
MBMS point-to-multipoint Control Channel (MCCH)
MBMS point-to-multipoint Traffic Channel (MTCH)
MBMS point-to-multipoint Scheduling Channel (MSCH)
106. Annex B : MAC Functions (2/2)
MAC specific functions
Control of HS-DSCH transmission and reception
Network operation
– Scheduler, HARQ
UE operation
– HARQ, Reordering, Reassembly
Control of E-DCH transmission and reception
UE operation
– HARQ, Multiplexing and TSN setting, Serving Grant Update, E-TFC selection, Happy bit
setting, Scheduling Information reporting
Node B operation
– HARQ, De-multiplexing, Scheduler
RNC operation
– Reordering
