this ppt is abt brain gate technology which is based in the bci system.

1. Author:
S.MOHAMMED RIZWAN
II YEAR CE
SRI DURGADEVI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
BRAIN CHIPS

2. INTRODUCTION
• The Brian chip technology is associated with a brain computer
interface chip, computer and brain.
• The Brain chip is so called because it is implantable computer chip
in brain.
• Brain Chip consists of both biological and electronics terms.

3. • Brain chips can enhance memory of human beings, help
paralyzed patients and are intended for military purposes.
• It acts as sensors that may soon assist failing memory, but
even provide fluency in a new language.

4. WHAT IS A BRAIN CHIP ?
o A chip in the Braingate system is of 100 hair thin electrodes.
o It senses electromagnetic signature of Neutrons.
o The Brain chip provides fast and reliable connection between the brain of a
severely disabled person and personal computer

5. What is Braingate Technology ?
Braingate is a technology that can be implemented in the brain. When it is implemented in
the brain, the electrical signal is exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those signals are
sent to the brain and it executes body movement. All the signalling process is handled by a
special software. The signal is sent to the computer and then the computer is controlled by
patient.

6. BRAIN GATE EMPOWERING
THE HUMAN BRAIN:
The BrainGate System is used to sense, transmit, analyze and apply the
language of neurons. The System consists of a sensor that is implanted on
the motor cortex of the brain and a device that analyzes brain signals. This
sensor consists of a tiny Chip with hundred electrode sensors-each thinner
than a hair that detects brain cell electrical activity.

7.  With intact brain function, brain signals are generated even though they
are not sent to the arms, hands and legs.
 The signals are interpreted and transmitted into cursor movements.
Principle

8. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
THE CHIP
THE CONNECTOR
THE CONVERTER AND
THE COMPUTER

9. 1. The chip
• A Four millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin, micro
electrodes is embedded in brain’s primary motor cortex.
• The sensors detects tiny electrical signals generated when a user imagines.

10. 2. The Connector
The signal from the brain is
transmitted through the pedestal plug
attached to the skull.
3. The Converter
The signal travels to an amplifier where it is
converted to optical data and bounced by
fibre-optic cable to a computer.

11. • A brain-computer interface uses electrophysiological signals to control remote
devices.
• The Brain Computer Interface which are invasive is prerefrable.
• The electrodes pick up the brain’s electrical activity (at the microvolt level) and
carry it into amplifiers.
• These amplifiers amplify the signal approximately ten thousand times and then
pass the signal via an analog to digital converter to a computer for processing.
• The computer processes the EEG signal and uses it in order to accomplish tasks
such as communication and environmental control.
4. The Computer

12. Software behind BrainGate System uses algorithms and pattern matching techniques to
facilitate communication. The algorithms are written in C, JAVA and MATLAB. Signal
processing software algorithms analyzes the electrical activity of neurons and translates it
into control signals for use in various computer-based applications.
SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAINGATE

13. • Brain implants enhance capability of human
organs and senses.
• It has a significant role to play in future
genetic engineering fields and neuro science.
• Futurists predict that from there, super
human artificial intelligence won't be far
behind.
BRAIN IMPLANT

14. INTERFACE
• The easiest and least invasive method is to use a device
with a set of electrode known as an
electroencephalograph (EEG) -attached to the scalp.
• The electrodes can read brain signals.
• To get a higher resolution signal, scientists can implant
electrodes directly into the gray matter of the brain itself,
or on the surface of the brain, beneath the skull.

15. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BCI SYSTEM INCORPORATING SIGNAL DETECTION, PROCESSING
AND DEPLOYMENT

17. The first patient, Matthew Nagle, a 25
year old man with a severe spinal cord
injury, has been paralyzed from the neck
down since 2001. Nagle is unable to move
his arms and legs after he was stabbed in
the neck.
First Experimented on ……

18. Applications:
• Navigate Internet.
• Play Computer Games.
• Turn Lights On and Off.
• Control Television.
• Control Robotic Arm.

19. This technology is well supported by the latest fields of
• Biomedical Instrumentation,
• Micro electronics, signal processing,
• Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which has
overwhelming developments.
• Hope these systems will be effectively implemented for many
Biomedical applications.

20. FUTURE CONTINUED..
• Another brain implant aims to help the
blind regain their sight. A microchip
implanted in the visual cortex, would
communicate with a camera inside special
glasses.

21. Benefits of Brain Chips
• It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses.
• It will give light to blind and give paralyzed
patients full mental control of limbs.
• No genetic modifications in the next generation.
• Rescue missions (remote controlled rat).

22. Disadvantages:
• Research is still in the beginning stages.
• The current technology is crude.
• Ethical issues may prevent its development.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the
brain.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.

23.  The BrainGate helps the patients who cannot perform even simple
actions without the help of another person.
 Such paitents are able to do things like checking e-mails, turn the TV on
or off, and control a prosthetic arm with just their thoughts.
 BrainChip technology does not promise miracles.For instance, say that a
paralysed man will one day walk using an artificial leg by his thoughts
alone.
CONCLUSION

24. QUERIES……