2. Nursing Process
Process-
“It is a series of planned actions or
operations directed towards a
particular result or goal”
Nursing Process-
“It is a systematic, rational method of
planning and providing individualized
nursing care”
3. Purpose of Nursing
Process
To identify a client’s health status,
actual or potential health care
problems or needs.
To establish plans to meet the
identified needs, and to deliver
specific nursing interventions to meet
those needs.
It helps nurses in arriving at decisions
and in predicting and evaluating
consequences.
4. Characteristics Of Nursing
Process
Goal oriented
Dynamic
Client centered
Planned
Interpersonal and collaborative
Open and flexible
Cyclical
Outcome focused
Universally applicable
5. Phases of Nursing Process or
Steps
Assessment
Diagnosis
Goal
planning
implementation
Evaluation
6. Assessment
Assessment is the deliberate and
systematic collection of data determine a
clients current and past health status
and to determine the clients present and
post coping patterns. (Carpenito)
7. Types of Assessment
1. Initial assessment – performed within
specified time after admission to a
health care agency E.g. Nursing
Admission Assessment
2. Problem focused assessment –
ongoing process integrated with
nursing care to determine specific
problem identified in an earlier
assessment and to identify new or
overlooked problems.
8. 3. Emergency Assessment – Done
during psychiatric or physiological
crisis of the client to identify life
threatening problems. E.g. Rapid
assessment of airway , breathing and
circulation during cardiac arrest .
4. Time Lapsed Reassessment – done
several months after initial assessment
to compare the clients status to
baseline data previously obtained
9. Purpose of Assessment
To validate a diagnosis
To provide basis for effective nursing
care
Basis for accurate diagnosis
It helps in effective decision making
To promote holistic nursing care
To evaluate of nursing care
To collecting data for nursing research
10. Clinical skills used in
assessment
Observation – it is not just seeing the
client uses such as looking , watching
, examining , scanning etc.
Interview – interview means
purposeful interaction between two
person
Physical Examination –
Intuition – intuition is defined as the
use of insight or clinical experience to
make clinical judgment about client
12. Assessment Activities
1.COLLECTION OF DATA
“data collection is the process of gathering
information about a clients health status”
Subjective data – Also referred to as
symptoms or cobert . it is verified only by
the person. E.g. itching , pain ,feeling of
worry.
Objective data – Also referred to as signs
or overt data . these are detectible by the
observer
13. Source of data collection
Primary source(Direct source) – client
are the best source.
Secondary source (Indirect source) –
family member , clients records
II. Organizing data :- nurses uses a
written or computerized format for
arranging the data systematically.
III. Validating data :- validating – the act
of double checking
IV. Documentation of data :- record in
permanent records
14. Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing diagnosis is “A clinical
judgmental about individuals or
community responses to actual or
potential health problems/life process.
(Nanda 2009)
15. Purpose
Gives nurses a common language
Promotes identification of appropriate
goals
Provide acuity information
Can create a standard for nursing
process
Provides a quality improvement base
Facilitates communication
documentation
16. Types of nursing diagnosis
Actual Nursing Diagnosis
Risk nursing diagnosis
Health – promotion nursing diagnosis
Possible nursing diagnosis
17. Actual Nursing Diagnosis
Also known as three statement
diagnosis
It is a client problem that is present at
the time of nursing assessment
It is based on the presence of
associated signs and symptoms.
E.g. Actual problem + related to +
evidenced
18. Risk Nursing Diagnosis
It is a clinical judgment that a problem
doesn't exist , but the presence of risk
factors indicates that a problem is
likely to develop unless nurses
intervenes.
It is also known two statement nursing
diagnosis
E.g. possible risk + related to
19. Health promotion nursing
diagnosis
Clinical judgment about a person’s,
family’s or community’s motivation and
desire to increase well being .
E.g readiness + Health promotion
Readiness for enhanced family coping
20. Possible Nursing Diagnosis
Possible nursing diagnosis is one in
which evidenced about a health
problem is incomplete or unclear.
E.g. possible risk + related to +
Evidenced by
21. Components Of Nursing Process
1. Label
2. Qualifiers
3. Defining Characteristics
4. Risk factors
5. Related Factors
22. Label-
Provides a name for a diagnosis
Describes the clients health problem or
responses for which nursing therapy is
given
It may includes modifiers
E.g. Stress incontinence
23. Qualifiers –
Qualifiers are words that have been
adds to some NANDA labels to give
additional meaning to the diagnostic
statement.
Eg . Deficit , impaired , altered,
decreased , ineffective etc.
24. Definition-
Definition describes the characteristics
of the human response under
consideration based on data collected.
E.g. poor sleep pattern , poor
circulation
25. Defining characteristics
These are the cluster of signs and
symptoms that indicate the presence
of a particular diagnostic label
Risk Factors
Environmental factors and
physiological , psychological , genetic
or chemical elements that increase the
vulnerability of an individual , family or
community to an unhealthful events.
26. Related Factors
Factors that may precede , contribute
to or be associated with the human
response .
27. Planning
It is defined as predetermining a
course of action in order to arrive at a
desired result.
A continuous process of assessing
goals and objectives, implementing
and evaluating them and subjecting
these to changes as new facts are
known.
28. Purpose
Direct client care activities.
Focus on the proper documentation
Establish continuity care
Step of planning
Initial planning – done by the nurse
who perform admission assessment in
order to prioritize problems , identify
goals and correlate nursing care to
resolve the problems.
29. Ongoing planning –involves
continuous updating of the client’s
plan of care . every nurse who cares
for the client is involved in ongoing
planning.
Discharge planning–involves
anticipation and planning for the
client’s need after discharge.
30. Element of planning
Prioritizing the problems /nursing
diagnosis
formulate goals /desired outcomes
Short term
Long term
Select nursing interventions
Write nursing intervention
31. Implementation
This fourth step of the nursing process
involves the execution of the nursing
care plan derived during the planning
phase.
32. Process of implementation
Revise the
data
Revise the
nursing
diagnosis
Revise the
specific
intervention
Choose the
evaluation
method
33. Evaluation
Evaluation is defined as the judgment
of the effectiveness of nursing care to
meet client goals , in this phase nurse
compare the client behavioral
responses with predetermined client
goals and outcome criteria .
34. Purpose
Determine client’s behavioral
response.
Compare the client’s response with
outcome criteria.
Assess the collaboration of client and
health team.
Apprise the extent to which client’s
goal
Identify the errors in the plan of care
Monitor the quality of nursing care
35. Components of evaluation
Collection of data
Compare of data
Relating nursing activities
Draw conclusion
Continue modify , terminate care plan