1. Journey from ‘conventional grid’ to ‘smart Grid’
M. G. Morshad , ADGM / Electrical
TPS II ( 7 x 210MW) NLC India Ltd
2. Electrical energy & country’s development
Classification of countries depending upon the human development index.
1) Developed countries,2) Developing countries, 3) Underdeveloped countries
Human devolvement index :
1)Per capita income (Wealth), 2)Life expectancy (Health), 3)Adult literacy (Education)
Per capita income :
1) Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 2) Inflow of foreign currency
GDP :
1) Agriculture , 2) Industry, 3) Service
Growth of these three sectors depend upon the power consumption.
Therefore per capita electricity consumption is directly linked to per capita income
Per capita electricity consumption :
1) Availability of electrical energy 2) Cost per KWhr of energy.
Availability of electrical energy at lowest cost is the key factor for the
development of any country.
3. PER CAPITA ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION : COMPARATIVE POSITION
(kWh)
Sl. No. Country Year 2008
1 Canada 17053
2 USA 13647
3 Australia 11174
4 Japan 8072
5 France 7703
6 Germany 7148
7 Korea 8853
8 UK 6067
9 Russia 6443
10 Italy 5656
11 South Africa 4770
12 Brazil 2232
13 China 2471
14 India 734*
15 World 2782
4.
5. High lights of Indian power sector
It is the 4th largest power grid in the world. Installed capacity: 205GW.
Generation & transmission is largely dominated by government owned utilities.
Distribution is mainly owned by state electricity board
Generators are operated on ABT ( Availability Based Tariff) basis for narrowing
the gap between demand & supply
Grid is controlled by 5 regional control centers and 1 national control center.
Huge potential of other energy source
Very high T&D losses in transmission & distribution sectors - about 30%
(>50% in several states!)
400 million+ people have no access to power
Large parts of the country experiences power cuts for several hours every day
which force the customers to keep storage (invertors)/ auto generation facilities.
Power quality being poor, consumers require voltage stabilizers, UPS etc.
6. Electrical energy
Availability :
1. Energy source ( Renewable & Non renewable)
2. Life ( Depletion rate )
3. Environmental impact ( Pollution)
4. Energy density of the source ( KWhr/Kg , KWHr / Area, KWhr/ Volume)
5. Demand side Management ( Reducing peak load deficiency )
6. Efficiency improvement & energy conservation.
Cost
1. Cost of fuel used( Type of fuel & transportation cost)
2. Cost of generation technology used ( Thermal, Hydral, Nuclear, wind ,Solar etc.)
3. Energy conversion efficiency
4. Transmission & distribution cost ( Distance from generation point to load centre)
5. Technical loss in transmission & distribution (technology used)
6. Commercial loss in distribution ( Meter error, theft)
7. Operating mechanism ( Isolate, Interconnected / Integrated)
7. Total installed capacity (GW) 209.27 GW
Available base load supply (MU) 893371 MU
Available peak load supply (GW) 125.23 GW
Demand base load (MU) 985317 MU
Demand peak load (GW) 140.09 GW
Availability of electrical energy
8. Year T & D Loss AT & C Loss
2003-04 32.53% 34.78%
2004-05 31.25% 34.33%
2005-06 30.42% 33.02%
2006-07 28.65% 30.62%
2007-08 27.20% 29.45%
2008-09 25.47% 27.37%
2009-10 25.39% 26.58%
2010-11 23.97% 26.15%
9. Energy Cost
Energy source
TRANSMISSION (95%)
DISTRIBUTION (85%)
•Lighting
•Heating
•Pumping
•Machining
•Lighting
•Heating
•Pumping
•Machining
•Lighting
•Heating
•Pumping
•Machining
•Lighting
•Heating
•Pumping
•Machining
UTILIZATION (80%)
Combined efficiency = 0.4 x 0.95 x 0.85 x 0.8 = 0.25 = 25%
For utilizing one unit of energy , customer has to pay the cost of 4 unit of energy source.
Availability of energy source , Improving efficiency , Energy conservation , Reduction in
AT & C loss are the Key factors for lowering energy cost
POWER GRID
GENERATION
(40%)
10. Optimum losses Minimum Maximum
Transmission
EHV Transmission Line
(400kV/745 KV)
0.5 % 1%
Transmission Line
(230kV/132 KV /110 kV),
1.5% 3%
Distribution
Distribution line
(66KV/33kV/22KV /11kV)
2% 4.5%
Sub Distribution line (HT & LT)
(6.6 KV/ 3.3KV /440V/230V)
3% 7%
TOTAL 7% 15.5%
Losses in Transmission & distribution
11. Electrical Power grid is the network / interconnection of equal voltage transmission
lines for transmitting electrical power generated by various generating station to
the distribution points .
It consists of transmission lines & substations at strategic location for -
interconnection of transmission lines
Controlling reactive power by Shunt reactor / capacitor bank
Controlling voltage by changing taps in transformer
Capturing data (voltage, frequency , phase angle) required for monitoring load flow
and protection of grid equipment ( transmission line, Bus , transformer etc.)
Conventional electrical power grid
16. Limitation in conventional grid
Centralized power generation
Generation has to follow the demand / Load to maintain frequency
One directional power flow
As the line impedance increase with length , conventional grid can not be expanded
beyond certain limit due to decrease in stability limit and increase in loss
Inflexible in nature since it can not be directly connected to the other grid which is
operating in different voltage and frequency.
Power flow can not be directed to the desire route
Line can not be loaded optimally.
Disadvantages of conventional grid
As the generation station remains disintegrated , availability of energy supply can not
be ensured.
Due setting up of generating station nearer to the load centre, transportation cost of
the fuel becomes high and it is directly reflected in the energy cost.
Peak load deficiency can not be predicted properly. It depends on historical data.
Grid stability always remains as a threat .
17. Limitation in conventional Distribution system
1. Not possible for dynamic load prediction & management
2. No provision for asset management
3. No automatic control over metering & consumption
4. No provision for energy audit
5. No provision for automatic PF improvement
Disadvantages of conventional distribution system
Suffer from high Aggregate Technical and commercial (AT&C) Loss
Factors for high commercial losses can not be controlled
1. Theft and unauthorized connection
2. Tampering of billing meter
3. Erratic meter / unmetered consumers
Factor for high technical loss can not be controlled
1. Improper load prediction and management
2. Poor quality of equipment
3. Inadequate PF improvement facility
4. Haphazard growth to meet short term goal
5. Utilization of long low voltage lines
18. Year T & D Loss AT & C Loss
2003-04 32.53% 34.78%
2004-05 31.25% 34.33%
2005-06 30.42% 33.02%
2006-07 28.65% 30.62%
2007-08 27.20% 29.45%
2008-09 25.47% 27.37%
2009-10 25.39% 26.58%
2010-11 23.97% 26.15%
Average AT & C Lossess in India
19.
20. Steps taken to reduce AT & C Loss
APDRP (Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme) &
RGGVY (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna )
Period of implementation : X th plan (2002 – 2007)
Purpose : Strengthening and upgrading of sub-transmission and distribution
systems
Aim : To bring down AT & C loss to 15% and to provide access of electricity to
all
R-APDRP (Restructured – APDRP)
Period of implementation : XI th plan (2007 – 2012)
Purpose : implementation of IT , SCADA, technology in substation automation.
Aim : To ensure availability of electricity to all with bring down AT & C loss to
15% .
Smart grid
Period of implementation : By XIVth plan (2023 – 2027)
Purpose : Installation of smart energy meter using mobile network.
Aim : To ensure availability of electricity to all with bring down AT & C loss to
15% .
21. Concept of smart grid
The primary objective of smart grid concept is to reduce the faster depletion rate of
non renewable energy source by integrating distribution generation and renewable
source of energy through an improved flexible, communicative transmission &
distribution network which shall make it reliable and efficient enough to ascertain
supply of electrical energy to the customer at cheapest cost.
22. Smart Grid Concept Components
Integration of distributed generation
through flexible transmission line
FACT, HVDC
Integration of renewable energy
source
Micro grid
Communicative Transmission
system
SCADA & PMU
Communicative distribution system Software base energy
meter (AMI)
Components required for converting conventional
grid to smart grid
23. Interconnection lines between zones
Interconnection of zones through the High Voltage AC (HVAC) transmission lines
having the following disadvantages :
1. Transmission loss increases with the increase of line length and after a certain
distance of line length, transmission becomes uneconomical.
2. High cost of erection & maintenance since it needs minimum three lines which
require more ROW (right of way) for towers.
3. As the AC power flow through the lines , is not possible to control, problem like
overloading of short line and light loading of long line is always exist since line
impedance is directly proportional to line length.
4. Grid stability limit decreases with the expansion of network
5. Short circuit current limit decreases with the expansion of net work.
24. High Voltage DC Transmission line
Considering disadvantages of HVAC, HVDC lines are preferred for long distance
transmission line due to the following advantages: -
1. Transmission losses do not increase with the increase of line length since no
reactance for DC lines.
2. Low cost of erection and maintenance since it needs maximum two lines which
requires less ROW (right of way) for towers .
3. Power flow can be controlled and hence overloading / light loading of lines is
avoided.
4. Bidirectional power flow is possible ( Back to Back )
5. Because of asynchronous nature of HVDC line, connection between two grids of
different voltage and frequency is possible.
6. It increase the grid stability limit since it damps power swings & sub synchronous
frequencies of generator and it does not transmit the fault in one side of AC system
to other side of the AC system.
28. 1. Both converters are in the same area, usually in the same building.
2. The length of the direct current line is kept as short as possible.
3. It is used for coupling of electricity grids of different frequencies / same nominal
frequency but no fixed phase relationship
4. The DC voltage in the intermediate circuit can be selected freely at HVDC back-to-
back stations because of the short conductor length.
5. The DC voltage is usually selected to be as low as possible, in order to reduce the size
of convertors to be accommodated in a same station
Back to back
29. HVDC IN INDIA
Back-to-Back
HVDC LINK CONNECTING
REGION
CAPACITY
(MW)
Vindyachal North – West 2 x 250
Chandrapur West – South 2 x 500
Vizag – I East – South 500
Sasaram East – North 500
Vizag – II East – South 500
30. 1. It may be used for grounded return path or
metallic return path .
2. There are certain disadvantages in
grounded return path system. Therefore
metallic return path system is preferred.
3. Two lines are used for transmission . One is
for power flow other for return path. Return
path does not require insulation since it
remains grounded at converters points,
4. It is designed as future expansion of
bipolar line.
5. Bi polar is the combination of two
monopole
6. thus it increase the power handling
capacity twice by using the same
transmission line
7. In case of fault in one pole, it can be
operated with half of the total capacity.
Monopole & bipolar
32. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS)
X
BUS 1
V1, ∂1
V2, ∂2
BUS 2
P
∂90
Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)
P = (V1.V2/ X) Sin (∂1 -∂2) = (V1.V2/ X) Sin∂.
Power flow is proportional to the inverse of the transmission line impedances (X).
Long distance line always operates at light load with higher receiving end voltage.
Short distance always gets over loaded.
As a result of these phenomena, conventional grid is operated with following drawbacks -
1. Power flow cannot be directed to the desired / contractual route resulting in increase
of transmission loss due to looping & parallel effect.
2. Underutilization of Transmission line capacity since line is loaded up to SIL ( Surge
Impedance Level) not to their full thermal capacity which finally increases the
transmission cost.
33. Looping & parallel effects
This difference between the
contract path (scheduled flow)
and the free flow path (actual
flow) is called loop flow.
In this case, power was intended to go from
bus 1 to bus 2. But if the line impedance
from bus 1 to 3 is smaller than the
impedance in line 1-2, power will also flow
through 1-3. This may result in overloading
of line 1-3, which causes a decrease in the
power delivered from bus 1 to 2, which in
turn causes the under utilization of line 1-2.
This problem is called parallel flow.
34. Without any control
With control, installing
capacitor in line AC
Controlling effect on loading of line
35. Loading of Line
Loading capacity of line depends upon :
1. Phase angle : Deviation of phase angle increases with the increase of distance.
2. Voltage drop limit : voltage magnitude decreases with increase of distance
3. Thermal Limit loading : Generation heat that cause sag and loss of tensile strength.
Since phase shift and voltage drop cause instability , line loading is decided on the basis
of SIL. That increases the transmission cost due to underutilization of line.
SIL gives a general idea of the loading
capability of the line ,
SIL = (V2/Zs),
Where
Zs = Surge Impedance = (L/C)1/2 Where,
L = Inductance ( per Phase) of line, H/Mtr.
C = Capacitance ( P – N) of line, F/Mtr.
X
BUS 1
V1, ∂1
V2, ∂2
BUS 2
P
∂90
Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)
For 132KV Line:
L= 0.001218 H/KM/Phase
C=0.00882 F/KM, P to N
Zs = (L/C)1/2 = 0.3716
SIL = V2/Zs = 46.89 MW
36. Maximum – Minimum operating voltage limit for
transmission & distribution - as per Indian grid
code
40. Fundamentals of FACT
Alternating current
transmission systems
incorporating power
electronics-based and
other static controllers to
enhance controllability and
increase power transfer
capability
41. Dynamic
• Transient and dynamic
stability
• Subsynchronous
oscillations
• Dynamic over voltages and
under voltages
• Voltage collapse
• Frequency collapse
Steady-State
• Uneven power flow
• Excess reactive power
flows
• Voltage capability
• Thermal capability
Constraints on Useable Transmission Capacity
42. P
90
Surge Impedance
Loading (SIL)
jXI
SV
RV
δ
1. Phase angle (δ) increase with the increase of
power flow – it leads to instability
2. Line impedance increase with increase of line
length – it leads to voltage drop
3. Hence controlling line impedance , it is
possible to control the flow of power
without the threat of grid instability.
Fundamentals of FACT
44. • Reactive power is generated or absorbed by the shunt inverter
to control bus voltage
• Reactive power is generated or absorbed by the series inverter
to control the real and/or reactive power flow on the
transmission line
Basic Operating principle of FACT
Shunt controller for
Controlling Bus voltage
Series controller for active &
reactive power flow
45. FACTS Controllers
• Static VAR Compensator – SVC ( Shunt reactor / Capacitor)
• Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator - TCSC
• Thyristor Controlled Phase Angle Regulator - TCPAR
• Static Synchronous Compensator - StatCom
• Solid State Series Compensator - SSSC
• Unified Power Flow Controller - UPFC
46. It is a static synchronous generator as shunt static var compensator whose
capacitive or inductive current can be controlled independent of the system
voltage. The STATCOM scheme works in parallel with AC power grid system and is
controlled by a dynamic controller
Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
47. Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
It is a static synchronous generator operated without an external energy source as a series
compensator. The o/p voltage is in quadrature with line voltage and controllable
independently of the line current. It increases or decreases the overall reactive voltage
drop across the line and thereby control the transmitted electric power.
48. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
The UPFC scheme consists of two basic switching power converter namely shunt and
series converters connected to each other through a dc link capacitor. The shunt
converter operates exactly as STATCOM for reactive power compensation and voltage
stabilization. The series converter operates as SSSC to control the real power flow.
49. UPFC - Capabilities
• Increase transmission line capacity
• Direct power flow along selected lines
• Powerful system oscillation damping
• Voltage support and regulation
• Control of active and reactive power flow at both sending-
and receiving-end
UPFC - Operating principle
• A portion of the real power flow on the transmission line is
drawn from the bus by the shunt inverter to charge the DC
capacitor.
• Real power is inserted into the line through the series
inverter.
50. Monitoring & controlling
Grid stability
Maintaining Voltage, Frequency & phase angle within its limit at any instant of time
1. Monitoring: Making availability of operating data at the required nodal points.
2. Communication : Ensuring transfer of operating data in real time.
3. Control: Processing of data for visualizing faults/abnormal conditions and
initiating corrective action.
4. Protection : Actuation of protective device within the allowable time
5. Reliability: Ensuring the availability of protection & control mechanism round the
clock.
6. Security : Protecting control & monitoring system against any internal / external
threat & disturbance
51. RTU
Switchyard Bus
(GEN STATION)
MODEM
MODEM
RTU
Switchyard Bus
(SUB STATION)
MODEM
MODEM
Area Load Despatch Centre
State Load Despatch Centre
Regional Load Despatch Centre
CTPTCTPT
Field instrumentation & field data
generation level
Field Interface level
Data acquisition & command actuation
level.
Communication level (PLCC, Microwave,
Fiber Optic ,
Process level
Supervisory level
SCADA / EMS Mechanism
52. Communication Links Approximate % Usages in India
PLCC 50%
Micro wave 15%
Fiber Optic 35%
GSM / GPRS <1 %
V Satellite 5%
Communication link Associated delay – one way (milliseconds)
Fiber-optic cables ~ 100-150
Microwave links ~ 100-150
Power line (PLC) ~ 150-350
Telephone lines ~ 200-300
Satellite link ~ 500-700
53. Effect of communication delay
Data
Sampling
Control Room
Compute
Visualized
Control
In conventional technology, because of communication delay,
control can not be effected on real time basis,
Data
Sampling
54. Synchrophasor technology
Synchrophasor technology is the latest development in this field which is
found to be capable of monitoring and controlling of power grid on real time
basis due to synchronize operation.
The heart of this system is PMU (Phasor Measuring Unit).
If SCADA is considered as X Ray
analysis
Synchorophasor technology is to be
considered as MRI analysis
55. Synchrophasor Fundamentals
Phasor is a cosine function representation of a sinusoidal signal with magnitude A,
frequency ω and phase ф. A is the rms value of the voltage/current
Two phasor representations
Polar coordinates
Rectangular Coordinates:
Time synchronized measurement of phasor is termed as synchrophasor
57. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
It a transducer that converts three-phase analog signal of voltage or current into
Synchrophasors
58. Sample the continuous voltage or current signal.
The figure shows 12 points per cycle (the sampling
rate is 12x60 = 720 Hz).
Use Discrete Fourier Series (DFS/ DFT) method to
compute the magnitude and phase of the signal
(i.e., applying DFS formula).
Calculate magnitude and phase for each phase of
the 3-phase quantity
Using one period of data reduces the effect of
measurement noise
PMUs measure (synchronously):
• Positive sequence voltages and currents
• Phase voltages and currents
• Local frequency
• Local rate of change of frequency
• Circuit breaker and switch status
PMU – Measuring methodology
60. Phase angular difference between the two locations is
determined by synchronizing the two local clocks with pulses
obtained from GPS satellites.
PMU – Location in the network
61. GPS (Global Positioning System)
There are 24 satellites developed by US dept of defense orbiting earth at 20,200 km
•They are available freely for civilian use.
•Other than navigation use, it also provides time reference:
•4 satellites are needed for knowing timing and location position.
•Satellites have atomic clocks
•It provides coordinated universal time (UTC) which is international atomic time
compensated for leap seconds for slowing of earths rotations
•It also provide accurate timing pulse every second with an accuracy of 1 microsecond
Time synchronization of PMU
62. Integrating of micro grid
Renewable energy source : Solar, Wind, mini Hydro, Tidal, Geothermal etc remains
untapped due to the following reasons;
1. Low capacity scattered over a vast area ( low energy concentration ratio)
2. Confined to their respective geological location and operates independently
3. Generation capacity purely depends on natural condition.
Energy cost of renewable energy source is found higher.
Under the smart grid mechanism, it is possible to reduce the energy cost of renewable
energy drastically .
Renewable energy sources available in that area is interconnected economically to
form a small power grid of required voltage. This type of grid is referred as micro grid.
Micro grid is connected to Battery bank to store the energy when the gap between
supply and demand is positive and discharge when the gap is negative.
Finally micro grid is also interconnected to main grid through power electronic
interface for facilitating exchange of power between the these two grids.
63. Source Potential (MW)
Bio-mass 62,000
Wind-power 45,000
Small Hydro-power 15,000
Co-generation - Bagasse 5000
Waste to energy 5000
Rural Distributed Power 30,000
Captive Distributed: industrial / commercial 20,000
Total 182,000
Solar Power 4-7 kWh/sq m/day
64. Type Technology Installed capacity (in MW)
Grid connected power
Wind 18420.40
Small Hydro 3496.14
Bagasse Cogeneration 2239.63
Biomass 1248.60
Solar 1176.25
Waste – to – Energy 96.08
Total 26677.10
Off-grid, captive power
Biomass non-bagasse cogen 426.04
Biomass Gasifiers – Industrial 138.90
Waste to Energy-Urban 113.60
SPV Systems (>1 kW) 106.33
Biomass Gasifiers – Rural 16.696
Aerogen/Hybrids 1.74
Total 803.30
Renewal energy installed capacity in India (2012)
68. • Combines Energy Storage, Solar Generation, Electrical Vehicle Charging and
building load management
• Can be operated both grid-connected and island-mode with full bumpless
transfer
• Functionality includes renewable smoothing, peak shaving, VAR control and EV
charge leveling
69. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
1. Provide interface between the utility and its customers
2. Bi-direction control & communication
3. Advanced functionality
Real-time electricity pricing
Accurate load characterization (DMS)
Outage detection/restoration (Aseset Management)
70. Communication from customer to distribution centre: This helps
the distribution centre to visualize remotely load pattern, peak load
demand and healthiness of the distribution network. With the help of
this data, distribution centre can schedule the demand in more realistic
manner, manage the assets involves in the distribution network
(Transformer, Overhead lines, Underground cables etc.) by knowing %
loading. As result of this mechanism, efficiency of the distribution
network is increased substantially.
Communication from distribution centre to customer.
Distribution centre can remotely disable the function of AMI, if the bill is
not paid by the customer within the stipulated period. This help to
reduce the commercial loss.
72. Communication with home appliance / less important equipment
Whenever demand becomes higher than supply, frequency falls from its
rated condition. In that condition AMI sense the frequency and disable the
operation of home appliance / less important equipment through specially
programmed software provided exclusively for those appliance /
equipments. It helps to reduce the peak load demand automatically and
therefore power supply can be assured without any interruption.
73.
74. Conventional Grid Smart Grid
Transmission system AC (Inflexible in nature) FACT & HVDC (Flexible in nature)
Monitoring Controlling SCADA SCADA & PMU
Communication PLCC
Optical fibers cable , Satellite & GPS
technology
Metering
Conventional metering without
communication facility.
Advance Metering Instrument (AMI) with
communication & data storing facility.
Network integration
Integration with mini & micro grid
formed by solar, wind & hydroelectric
plant is not economically viable.
Integration with mini & micro grid formed by
solar, wind & hydroelectric plant is
economically viable.
Grid Stability Limited Unlimited due to self healing capability
Availability of energy supply to
customer
Not ensured Ensured
Asset Management Not possible Possible
Cost of transmission line
High due to uneconomical loading ,
high ROW etc.
Optimum due to economical loading and low
ROW
Cost of control & monitoring
system
Low High
Possibility of human error High Nil
Possibility of pilferage High Nil
AT & C Loss high Optimum
Cost of energy High Optimum
75. Objectives of Smart grid in Indian context
Customers:
Expand access to electricity – “Power for All”
Improve reliability of supply to all customers – no power cuts, no more DG sets
and inverters!
Improve quality of supply – no more voltage stabilizers!
User friendly and transparent interface with utilities
Utilities:
Reduction of T&D losses in all utilities to 15% or below
Peak load management – multiple options
Reduction in power purchase cost
Better asset management
Increased grid visibility
Self healing grid
Renewable integration
Government & Regulators:
Satisfied customers
Financially sound utilities
Tariff neutral system upgrade and modernization
Reduction in emission intensity
76. 12th Plan (2012 – 2017)
1. Access to “Electricity for All”
2. Reduction of transmission losses (>66 kV) to below 3%
3. Reduction of AT&C losses in all Distribution Utilities to below 15%
4. Reduction in Power Cuts; Life line supply to all by 2015; grid connection
of all consumer end generation facilities where feasible
5. Renewable integration of 30 GW; and EV trials
6. Improvement in Power Quality and Reliability
7. ToU (Time of Use) Tariff
8. Energy Efficiency Programs
9. Standards Development for Smart Grids including EVs
10. Strengthening of EHV System
11. Efficient Power Exchanges
12. Research & Development, Training & Capacity Building
13. Customer Outreach & Participation
14. Sustainability Initiatives
15.SG Pilots, SG roll out in major cities
Road map – Indian power grid
77. Road map – Indian power grid
13th Plan (2017 – 2022)
1. Reduction of transmission losses (>66 kV) to below 2%
2. Reduction of AT&C losses to below 12% in all Utilities
3. Improvement in Power Quality
4. End of Power Cuts; peaking power plants; Electrification of all households
by 2020
5. Nationwide smart meter roll out
6. Renewable integration of 70 GW; 5% EV penetration
7. Standards Development for Smart Infrastructure (SEZ, Buildings,
Roads/Bridges, Parking lots, Malls) and Smart Cities
8. UHV and EHV Strengthening
9. Research & Developments; Training & Capacity Building
10. Export of SG products, solutions and services to overseas
11. Customer Outreach & Participation
12. Sustainability Initiatives & Public Safety
78. Road map – Indian power grid
14th Plan (2022 – 2027)
1. Reduction of AT&C losses to below 10% in all Utilities
2. Financially viable utilities
3. Stable 24x7 power supply to all categories of consumers all across the country
4. Renewable integration of 120 GW; 10% EV penetration
5. Smart Cities and Smarter Infrastructures
6. Export of SG products, solutions and services to overseas
7. Research & Development; Training & Capacity Building
8. Active Participation of “consumers”
9. Sustainability Initiatives & Public Safety
