HAP - Carrier Training - Space - Heat Load Calculation - Part - 01

1. HAP 4.4 Basic Training SeminarHAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar

2. Introductions
Your name and company name
How many years in the HVAC business?
What is your level of experience with this
software?
HAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar

3. CARRIER’S E20-II DESIGN SOFTWARES
 Block Load Program
 Refrigerant Piping Program
 Chilled Water Piping Program
 Duct Design Program
 Hourly Analysis Program

4. WHAT IS HAP?
 HAP is a computer tool which assists
engineers in designing HVAC System,
for commercial Buildings.
 First, it is a tool for estimating loads
and designing systems.
 Second, it is a tool for simulating
energy use and calculating energy
costs.
 Summary reports can be used to
compare building design alternatives

5. TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP
 System
Design
Mode

6. TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP
 Enabling
Energy
Analysis
Option

7. TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP
 Energy
Analysis
Mode

8. HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES
 Easy to use load calculation.
 System-based design (sizing
based on equipment type.
 Based on ASHRAE Transfer
Function Method for load
calculation

9.  Calculate design cooling and
heating loads for spaces, zones
and coils in the HVAC System.
 Determines required airflow rates
for spaces zones and system.
 Size chillers and boilers.
HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES

10. HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
 Uses detailed 8,760 hour-by-hour
energy simulation technique for
energy analysis.
 Exceeds to minimum requirements
for the energy cost budget
compliance path for ASHRAE
Standard 90.1
 Models different types of electric
and fuel rates.

11.  Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of all HVAC systems in the
building.
 Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of all plant equipment in the
building.
 Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of non-HVAC systems, for
example lighting and appliances.
 Calculate total annual energy use
and energy cost.
HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES

12. HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
 Generate tabular and graphical
energy reports of hourly, daily,
monthly and annual data.
 Estimates the total emission of
CO2, SO2 and NOX due to the
consumption of energy and
fuel.
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 4:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00

13. HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM

14. PROJECT MODELING
• Project
Modeling
• Building Block
Approach
BUILDING
PLANT EQUIPMENT
AIR SYSTEMS
ZONES
SPACES
ELEMENTS
Energy Simulation Only

15. ELEMENTS
 The Smallest Segment of the Load
 People, Lights, Other Watts, Walls,
Roofs, Floors, Etc.
 Internal Load Elements Can Be
Scheduled
 Proper ASHRAE TFM Equations
are Applied to each Element

16. SPACES
 Smallest Area of the Building That
You Can Input
 Allows Collection of Thermal Loads
From the Elements
 Can be One Room, or a Series of
Rooms Depending on Your Goal
 May or May NOT Have a Thermostat

17. ZONES
 Group of One or More Spaces
Sharing One Thermostat
 Single Zone Constant Volume
(SZCV) Systems - Direct Control of
Compression
 Multiple Zone Systems Sub-Zone
Control Example: VAV Box Damper

18. AIR SYSTEMS
 Equipment and Controls That
Provide Conditioning to a
Region of a Building
 Can Serve Up To 100 Zones
 Most Typically Represents an
Air Handling System,
Packages Rooftop Units or
Split systems
 Effect of Control System is
Considered

19. PLANTS
 Equipment & Controls Providing
Cooling and/or Heating to Coils in
one or more air systems
 Examples: Chiller Plants, Hot Water
Boiler Plants and Steam Boiler
Plants
 User Models “Generic” or Specific
“User-defined “
 Can Serve Up To 250 Air Handlers

20. BUILDINGS
 A Sum of all HVAC and Non-HVAC
Systems to Estimate Operating
Costs
 Utility Rate Structures Applied
 Miscellaneous Building Energy
Consumption
 Energy Reports in Dollars

21. DATA LIMITS FOR ENTITIES
UnlimitedSchedules10.
External Shading Geometries
Doors
Windows
Roofs
Walls
Plants
Systems
Zones Per Air System
Spaces
Data Entity
Unlimited9.
Unlimited8.
Unlimited7.
Unlimited6.
Unlimited5.
1004.
1003.
2502.
1,2001.
Limit Per ProjectSl. #

22. WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
 Define the Scope and Objectives of
the design analysis
 Gather data about the building,
weather and the equipment
 Enter the data into HAP
• Create Project
• Define Weather Data
• Enter Construction Materials
• Enter Schedules
• Enter Space Data

23.  Enter Air System Data
 Enter Plant Data
 Use HAP to generate system
and plant design
 Select equipment from E-
CAT.
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP

24.  Enter Utility Rate Data
 Enter Building Data
 Generate Simulation Report
 Evaluate Results
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
For performing Energy Analysis:

25. HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM

26. System Requirements
 System Requirements (Minimum):
• Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT (Service Pack 4
or later), ME, 2000 or XP.
• 80486 Or Higher Microprocessor
• 25 to 30 Megabytes Space on Hard Drive.
• VGA with at least 800 x 600 resolution and 256
colors.
• At least 128 MB of RAM.
• A Mouse
• CD-ROM Drive

27. • Creates E20-II
Folder and
Subfolders
– Archives
– Enviro
– HAP 4.4
– Code
– Project
– Temp
– Weather
Installation & Data Management

28. STARTING HAP 4.40
Windows Start BarWindows Start Bar
ProgramsPrograms
Carrier ECarrier E--cat and E20cat and E20--II ProgramsII Programs
Hourly Analysis ProgramHourly Analysis Program

29. SPLASH SCREEN
OK

30. PROGRAM SCREEN
• Auto Prompt to
Open Existing
Project (Listed in
Selection Window)

31. MAIN PROGRAM WINDOW
Title bar
Menu bar Bubble Bar
Status bar
Explorer Grid
Details Grid

32. PROJECTS
 A “Project” contains data related
to a specific job.
 Create a separate project for
each job.
 Save a project either in the
default folder: E20-
IIProjectsProjectName or
Specify a folder yourself.
 Projects can be archived to a
hard disk, to a zip drive or floppy
disks for safekeeping.

33. • Project Template
– Save Project As
• Name New Project
• Create New Folder
– Note Drive and
Path determined
by user
Embedded
Path
Save a Project

34. Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
Archive/ Retrieve a Project

35. PROGRAM DEMO
HAPHAP
 How to
Archive a
Project

36. • Converting Previous HAP
version Project Data
• HAP Data Source
– Archive
– Active
• Active
– Choose Project from list
Live Demo
Convert a Project

37. • Importing HAP Data
– Project
– Import Data
– Select project to
import from
– Select ALL items to
import
– Click on Import
Button
– Confirm import
Import Project Data

38. • Import
gbXML
Import gbXML Data

39. Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail and
Export
• Project Properties
• Project Path
Publish, E-mail & Export

40. • Create Equipment
Tags
• e-Mail Project to
Carrier Sales
Engineer
• Select ventilation
standard
Publish, E-mail & Export

41. • Create Equipment
Tags
• e-Mail Project to
Carrier Sales
Engineer
• Select ventilation
standard
Project Ventilation Standard

42. Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail and
Export
• Project Properties
• Project Path
Project Properties

43. • Project list shows project name
and folder location.
• Sort alphabetically ascending or
descending on either the project
name or the project folder
• New “Find” button
– Used to find and add projects
that don’t currently appear in
your projects list
• Access project data across the
network and/or data recovery
situations.
Project Path

44. • How “Lost” or
“Disconnected” projects
can be reconnected to
the project list
• If project was deleted but
is still on the list, use the
Remove button to
remove the project from
your list.
• If a project was renamed,
moved or remapped,
then you can press the
Find button to search for
it.
Find a Project

45. • On the Find Project dialog press
the Help button for an overview of
the dialog features
• The Change button changes the
search path from the default path
D:E20-IIProjects to different
drives or paths specified.
• Permits sharing of projects when
users are running standalone
copies of the program. If a project
is saved to a folder on a shared
network drive. User can use the
“Find” feature to locate the project
and add it to his project list.
Find a Project

46. • The Carrier software has the following
capabilities in a network environment.
 The software is network aware.
 It permits sharing of data among users.
 It permits sharing of programs among users.
 It permits sharing of printers among users.
 It is not client/server software.
 It does not permit concurrent access to data.
Net work Installation

47. Installing the Software
On Windows 32 or 64 Bit OS
• Log in as the Network Administrator.
Stand Alone: Install to Local Drive
Network Install: any Network Drive
When Prompted:
• Enter Company Name Choose
Operating Mode
• Assign Read, Write, Create and
Destroy Privileges
Installation & Data Management

48. Stand Alone
HAP Installed on Local Drive
Project Data May Be Stored On Local
Drive Or The Network, But Only the
Creating User Can Access It.
User May Share With Others Via
Archive/Retrieve
Read, Write, Create & Destroy Privileges
Required To Create, Delete, or
Modify Projects If They Are Not
Stored On Local Drive
Installation & Data Management

49. Network, All Data Shared
Access To Any Project From Any
Terminal With HAP Installed
Projects May Be Stored On Any Drive
Desired
Read, Write, Create & Destroy
Privileges Required To Create,
Delete, or Modify Projects
Projects Protected From Simultaneous
Access By Users
Installation & Data Management

50. HELP
 Help can be accessed in 2 ways:
• By pressing F1 Key or • Through HAP’s Help Menu

51. USING THE HELP SYSTEM IN HAP
Accessing Help
• The on-line help
system for HAP can
be launched
without running
HAP.
• Help sub-group
appears beneath
the “Carrier E-CAT
and E20-II
Programs” group.

52. COMPARISON BETWEEN HAP & BLOCKLOAD
Not AvailableAvailableEconomizer
Not AvailableAvailableReheat
Not AvailableAvailableHeat Reclaim
Not AvailableAvailableHumidification
Air system Components8
50250No. of air Systems that can be Entered7
1501200No. of Zones/Spaces that can be entered6
Not AvailableAvailableOption of space5
Not AvailableAvailableSizing of Chiller/Boiler4
Not AvailableAvailableAll Types of Systems e.g., AHU, FCU, VAV,
VVT, FPB in Specific
3
Not AvailableAvailableSchedule for People, equipment, TStats, etc.2
SameASHRAE Transfer
Function
Load Estimating Method1
Blockload V. 4.1HAP V. 4.40FeaturesSl. #

53. HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM

54. WEATHER DATA
DESIGN
WEATHER
DATA
LOAD
ESTIMATING
SIMULATION
WEATHER
DATA
ENERGY
ESTIMATING

55. DESIGN WEATHER DATA
 24-hour profile of Design Weather for ALL
12 months; DB, WB, and Solar
 Data is used to estimate design cooling
loads using ASHRAE Transfer Function
Methodology
 Source: 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals
 ASHRAE Winter Design DB, Coincident WB
at 50 % RH are used for design heating
loads, facilitating Humidification calculations
 600+ Cities Globally (On HAP CD)

56. WEATHER DATA SETUP
 Design Parameters
• Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
 Accept ASHRAE Defaults
• GMT -3 Hr., No Daylight Savings
 Design Temperature
• Monthly Max/Min (Use Program Defaults)
• Hourly Details (Use Program Defaults)
 Design Solar
• Design Daily Max. Solar Heat Gains (Use
Defaults)

57. WEATHER SETUP MENU
Region
Location
City
Use program Defaults
 Select
Region,
Location
and City for
the project.

58. WEATHER SETUP MENU
Based on
ASHRAE
Can be
User
Defined
Hourly
Detailed
View
Can be
User
Defined
 Design Temperatures

59. WEATHER SETUP MENU
 Design solar – Design Day Maximum Solar Heat Gains
Adjustable Multipliers
each Month

60. • Design Data
• System Sizing
– Coils
– Fans
– Boxes
• Energy Simulation
Uses These Sizes

61. • Hot Day for Each
Month
• Peak Cooling
Needs
• Cooling is a Time
Dependant
Calculation
• Heating sizing
Based on
Temperature

62. WEATHER SETUP DATA
Input
Demo

63. HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM

64. Wall, Roof and Windows Data
 Modeling the Building Envelope
 Walls, Roofs,Door and Windows
 Stored in Libraries

65. HAP PROJECT LIBRARIES
Project Libraries
 Walls, Roofs,
Windows, Doors
and External
Shading
 Common
Construction
Types Editable By
User
 Custom Transfer
Function coefficient
Calculator

66. Enter Wall/Roof Data
 Single UI for Defining Walls &
Roofs
 Total “R” and Overall “U” Values
Displayed on Input Screens
 Utilize up to 10 Layers per
Assembly to Create Necessary
Transfer Function Coefficients
 Allows for Much More Massive
and Complex Wall and Roof
Constructions

67. Windows & Glazing Types

68. ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS
WINDOWS AND DOORS Calculation Enhancements
Based on ASHRAE
procedures
 Store Unlimited Window Types
Per Project
 Single UI with Two Levels of
Detail
 Doors are now a Library
Component
 Shading Geometry is now
a Library Component

69. ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS

70. SHADING – INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
 The Effects of Shading on Solar
Loads and Peak Times
 Internal Shading Effects
 External Shading Geometry

71. SHADING – INTERNAL
INTERNAL SHADING
 Affects Solar Radiation in Two Ways
• Reduces Overall Transmission of
Solar into Building (Reflects Back
Out of Window) Reducing
Overall Shade Coefficient
• Changes Rate of Conversion
From Heat Gain to Cooling Load
(Storage Effect of the Mass).

72. SHADING – INTERNAL
INTERNAL SHADING
 Solar Heat is Released Over Time to Room
Air and Becomes Cooling Load. The Shading
Device Absorbs Solar Heat Transmitted
through Glass. Shading Device is Less
Massive than Walls, Floor Etc., Causing Solar
Heat to be Converted to Load Much Faster
than if Solar Heat Was Absorbed By Floor.
 The First Effect Reduces the Total Solar Heat.
 The Second Effect Speeds Up the Conversion
of Solar Heat Gain to Cooling Load

73.  Internal
Shade can
be defined
when
defining the
windows
SHADING – INTERNAL

74. External Shades

75. EXTERNAL SHADE - OVERHANGS
• Overhang Height
– Vertical distance between top
of window opening & bottom
of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
• Overhang Extension
– Distance from wall to outer
extension of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room

76. EXTERNAL SHADE - FINS
• Fin Separation
– Assumes fins on both sides of
window
– Distance between window
opening & fin
– Zero for Conference Room
• Fin Extension
– Distance from the wall to the to
the outer edge of the fin
– Zero for Conference Room

77. SHADING – EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL SHADING
 Addition of Shade Geometry as
a Library Component
 Permits Common Shading
Geometry For Reveals, Fins,
and Overhangs to be Reused
From Space to Space

78. SHADING – EXTERNAL

79. WALL CONSTRUCTION

80. ROOF CONSTRUCTION

81. WINDOW CONSTRUCTION

82. EXTERNAL SHADE GEOMETRIES

83. DOOR CONSTRUCTIONS

84. SCHEDULES
 Real-time” Use of the Building
 Engineer Must “Interrogate”
Building User to Determine
“Turndown” of Loads
 Completely User Defined
 Graphic User Interface Input
Features

85. SCHEDULES
Schedule Types
 Fractional
Schedules Define
Internal Load
Variance From
Design Each Hour
 Fan/Thermostat–
Switch from Occ to
Unocc Mode
 Utility Rate Time of
Day – Peak/Off
Peak Energy Rate
Schedule

86.  Up to Eight Profiles
Per Schedule
(Used in both
Design and Energy
Simulation)
SCHEDULES

87. HAP SCHEDULE TYPES
 Profiles may be
Assigned to ANY
Combination of
Day Types and
Months

88. SCHEDULES

89. SCHEDULES
 Stored In Project
Libraries

90. HAP LOAD SCHEDULES
Load Schedules
Design load Usage
LIVELIVE
PROGRAMPROGRAM
VIEWVIEW
Load Schedules - Multiple Profiles

91. HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM

92. SPACE INPUT
 Smallest Area of the Building That
You Can Input
 Allows Collection of Thermal Loads
From the Elements
 Can be One Room, or a Series of
Rooms Depending on Your Goal
 May or May NOT Have a
Thermostat

93.  Input Spaces Thermally - Interior vs. Perimeter; North vs.
South; Etc.
 Accumulate Spaces Into Zones Later
 Allows the Most Flexibility When Playing “What If” Zoning Games
Later
 Computer Programs Need Enough Detail to Do It Right
SPACE INPUT

94. SPACE INPUT
• Space

95. General Tab
• Ceiling Height Links
to ACH Calculations
for Infiltration and
Zone Minimum
Airflow
• OA Ventilation by
ASHRAE 62.1-2004
Space Usage
SPACE INPUT

96. SPACE INPUT

97. Outdoor Air Flow Requirements
If the ventilation standard defines only one outdoor air
requirement, specify it and leave the second requirement value
as zero.
When values are specified for both outdoor air requirements ,
the program will sum the two ventilation requirements to
obtain the total requirement for
Some codes or standards define two requirements per
occupied space. One is typically on a per person basis to
address pollutants or odors. The second is typically on a per
floor area to address pollutants generated by materials in the
space such as carpeting and furnishings.

98. VENTILATION
• Activity & use dictate how much fresh air.
• Use ASHRAE Guide lines
13b_CSD401_DesProjMan _Ver2.1a
VENTILATION
Taken from ASHRAE table 2 of Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation
2.1 Commercial Facilities (Offices, Stores, Shops, Hotels, Sports Facilities)
Application
Office Space
Conference Rooms
Estimated
Maximum
Occupancy
P/1000sqft
Cfm/
Person
Cfm/
sqft
Comments
7
50
20
20
.
Some Office equip may need Local Exh .
Supplemental smoke removal equip.
may be required.
Corridors & Utilities .0.05..
Smoking Lounges 70 60 . .
Public Restroom - cfm/urinal
Locker or dressing rooms
50 25
0.5
Normally supplied by transfer air - local
mech exhaust - no recirculation .
Elevators . . 1.0 Normally supplied by transfer air.

99. Internals Tab
– Hyperlink to Schedules
SPACE INPUT

100. LIGHTING FIXTURE TYPES
• Fixture Type:
– Recessed, vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air passes over lights
– Recessed, not vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air does not pass over lights
– Free hanging
• Located below ceiling in the zone space
• Conference Room: Recessed, Vented

101. LIGHTING
• Watts/SqFt of net floor area or Total
Watts
• Unoccupied Use
– The % used during unoccupied
period of day (When Equipment is
off)
• Wattage Multiplier (for fluorescent)
– 1.25 for ballast - standard efficiency
– 1.20 for ballast - high efficiency

102. LIGHTING- incandescent

103. MORE COMMONLY USED FLUORESCENT LIGHTS
Ballast Loss = 0.2EE
0.8E
0.8E = Rated Watt
Amps
Ballast = 0.2/0.8 =
25%

104. OCCUPANCY/NUMBER OF PEOPLE
• People Density from ASHRAE
– SqFt/Person (Based on Net Floor
Area)
– ASHRAE = 7.0P/1000SqFt (Office)
– 1000/7 = 143 SqFt/P
• Activity Levels (6):
– 6th - User Defined
– Sensible & Latent Varies
With Activity
– Office Work
• 245 Sensible
• 205 Latent

105. OTHER ELECTRIC
• Equipment in the Zone
– Computers
– Machinery
• Watts/sq. ft. of Net Floor Area:
Easily up to 0.5 w/sq.ft in offices
• Unocc. Use: 0 %

106. MISCELLANEOUS LOADS
• Sensible & Latent from non-
electric sources
• Unusual Loads
– Gas-Fired Equipment
– Bunsen Burners
– Exothermic Reactions
– Evaporation
– Steam Leaks
– Piping, Tanks
– Zero for Conference Room

107. Define
Walls, Windows,
Shading and Doors on
the Fly
SPACE INPUT

108. • Define Walls, Windows,
Shading and Doors on
the Fly
SPACE INPUT

109. SPACE INPUT
 Define Schedules, Walls, Roofs, Windows and External Shading
Geometry on the Fly

110. SPACE INPUT
 Multiple Door Types in a Space

111. SPACE INPUT
Roof, Skylights

112. SPACE INPUT
 Infiltration Option to Define in Air Changes Per Hour (Average Ceiling
Height Input added)
 Infiltration Input L/s /M². Now Refers to Gross Wall Area (NOT Floor Area)

113. SPACE INPUT
Floors

114. Transmission Below Grade
Ground Temperature near
the surface is close to the
outside air temperature,
but further down its value
varies between 45F to
60F.
There is very limited
impact on cooling load as
most of the heat transfer
is a heat loss.

115. SLAB FLOOR LOSS & WALLS BELOW GRADE

116. SLAB FLOOR ON OR BELOW GROUND
• Area: Area of slab floor
• Perimeter: Length of slab exterior
• Depth: Distance below ground level
• Program computes basement walls =
(perimeter x depth)
Top FloorsTop Floors -- No SlabNo Slab

117. SPACE INPUT
 Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
 Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
 Ability to Directly Specify the Basement
 Wall “U”-Value

118. SPACE INPUT
Partitions

119. Partitions - Wall next
to Non Conditioned
Space
Conditioned
Space
 PartitionsPartitions
Wall next to a space whoseWall next to a space whose
temperature differs from thetemperature differs from the
zone design temperaturezone design temperature
Example: Room next toExample: Room next to
stairwell or a toiletstairwell or a toilet
Exposed Wall

120. SPACE INPUT SUMMARY
Space Inputs
 Majority of Input
Time Spent in
Modeling Spaces
 Hot Keys Linked to
Schedules and
Libraries
 Average ceiling
height - Volume
calculation for
infiltration air
changes
 1,200 Unique
spaces per project
(Multipliers allowed)

121. Right Mouse click on
Highlighted space
Gives You The:
• Ability to Duplicate
Spaces
• Ability to Edit Space
Inputs & Orientation
• Generate Reports
SPACE INPUT

122. Hands-On
Workshop
Hands-On
Workshop

123. Space Inputs - Gymnasium
• Refer to handout material for
detailed gymnasium space inputs

124. SPACE INPUT
LIVELIVE
PROGRAMPROGRAM
VIEWVIEW