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Brainstem Structures and Functions in 40 Characters

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The Brainstem (hind/old brain) 2.6 What are the different structures of the bottom part of the brain? • Brainstem– located at the base of the brain, consisting of various parts functioning to sustain bodily functions. Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
The Old Brain (Brainstem) Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones • Medulla – Heartbeat and Breathing • Pons “bridge” – Coordinates Movement and Sleep • Reticular Formation – Net of Nerves Inside the Brainstem – Controls Arousal & Alertness – Example: When you name is called • Locus Coeruleus – Center of Reticular Formation – Alertness and Panic 2
The Cerebellum “little brain” Peripheral Autonomic • MAIN FUNCTION: – Coordinates balance & movement • (ex. Walking, playing guitar hero) • OTHER FUNCTIONS: – Judges time – Stores muscle memory – Discriminates sounds and texture Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 3
Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation
2.7 What controls emotion, learning memory and motivation? • Limbic system – located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation Peripheral Autonomic Structures Under the Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
The Limbic System (Emotional) Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones • Amygdala – Aggression and Fear • Thalamus – Signal Switchboard – Relays information to your pleasure areas – Relays senses (not smell) information to cortex areas • Ex: Information from eyes to visual cortex • Hypothalamus – Hunger, Thirst, Sex, & Body Temp. – reward center & dopamine pathways • Hippocampus – Memory 6
Thalamus Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Amygdala Hippocampus Hypothalamus
o r t e x WHY is the cortex so wrinkled? Peripheral Autonomic The wrinkled outermost covering of the brain Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
Peripheral Autonomic The Cerebral Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 9
Peripheral Autonomic The Cerebral Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 10
Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones S o m a t o s e n s o r y Somatosensory & Motor Areas M o t o r
Association areas deal with high level thinking such as directions and location Peripheral Autonomic Association Areas Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 12
Thalamus Peripheral Autonomic Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Corpus callosum Amygdala Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Pituitary Gland Hippocampus Hypothalamus
• Both the left and right hemispheres can be roughly divided into four sections Peripheral Autonomic Four Lobes of the Brain Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
Peripheral Autonomic The Cerebral Cortex • Frontal Lobes – Thoughts & Decision Making – Contains Motor Cortex – Contains Prefrontal Cortex • In charge of logic, step-by-step decision making, morals, and emotional control • Parietal Lobes – Sensation/Touch – Contains Sensory Cortex • Occipital Lobes – Vision Processing – Contains Visual Cortex • Temporal Lobes – Hearing & Memory – Contains auditory cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 15
Parietal Lobe Thalamus Peripheral Autonomic Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Corpus callosum Amygdala Prefrontal Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Frontal Lobe Occipital Lobe Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Pituitary Gland Hippocampus Hypothalamus Temporal Lobe

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Brainstem Structures and Functions in 40 Characters

  • 1. The Brainstem (hind/old brain) 2.6 What are the different structures of the bottom part of the brain? • Brainstem– located at the base of the brain, consisting of various parts functioning to sustain bodily functions. Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
  • 2. The Old Brain (Brainstem) Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones • Medulla – Heartbeat and Breathing • Pons “bridge” – Coordinates Movement and Sleep • Reticular Formation – Net of Nerves Inside the Brainstem – Controls Arousal & Alertness – Example: When you name is called • Locus Coeruleus – Center of Reticular Formation – Alertness and Panic 2
  • 3. The Cerebellum “little brain” Peripheral Autonomic • MAIN FUNCTION: – Coordinates balance & movement • (ex. Walking, playing guitar hero) • OTHER FUNCTIONS: – Judges time – Stores muscle memory – Discriminates sounds and texture Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 3
  • 4. Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation
  • 5. 2.7 What controls emotion, learning memory and motivation? • Limbic system – located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation Peripheral Autonomic Structures Under the Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
  • 6. The Limbic System (Emotional) Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones • Amygdala – Aggression and Fear • Thalamus – Signal Switchboard – Relays information to your pleasure areas – Relays senses (not smell) information to cortex areas • Ex: Information from eyes to visual cortex • Hypothalamus – Hunger, Thirst, Sex, & Body Temp. – reward center & dopamine pathways • Hippocampus – Memory 6
  • 7. Thalamus Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Amygdala Hippocampus Hypothalamus
  • 8. o r t e x WHY is the cortex so wrinkled? Peripheral Autonomic The wrinkled outermost covering of the brain Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
  • 9. Peripheral Autonomic The Cerebral Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 9
  • 10. Peripheral Autonomic The Cerebral Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 10
  • 11. Peripheral Autonomic Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones S o m a t o s e n s o r y Somatosensory & Motor Areas M o t o r
  • 12. Association areas deal with high level thinking such as directions and location Peripheral Autonomic Association Areas Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 12
  • 13. Thalamus Peripheral Autonomic Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Corpus callosum Amygdala Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Pituitary Gland Hippocampus Hypothalamus
  • 14. • Both the left and right hemispheres can be roughly divided into four sections Peripheral Autonomic Four Lobes of the Brain Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones
  • 15. Peripheral Autonomic The Cerebral Cortex • Frontal Lobes – Thoughts & Decision Making – Contains Motor Cortex – Contains Prefrontal Cortex • In charge of logic, step-by-step decision making, morals, and emotional control • Parietal Lobes – Sensation/Touch – Contains Sensory Cortex • Occipital Lobes – Vision Processing – Contains Visual Cortex • Temporal Lobes – Hearing & Memory – Contains auditory cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones 15
  • 16. Parietal Lobe Thalamus Peripheral Autonomic Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Corpus callosum Amygdala Prefrontal Cortex Central Structure Action Synapse Reflex Peeking Hind Limbic Lobes Motor Split Hormones Frontal Lobe Occipital Lobe Cerebellum Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Pituitary Gland Hippocampus Hypothalamus Temporal Lobe