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How Ecosystems Work APBio

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Anthony DePhillips
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How Do Ecosystems Work?
Energy and Nutrient Pathways ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Flow, Nutrient Cycling, & Feeding Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Entry Via Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Productivity: Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Entry via Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Entry via Photosynthesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ecosystem Productivity Compared ,[object Object],open ocean (125) continental shelf (360) estuary (1500) tropical rainforest (2200) tundra (140) coniferous forest (800) temperate deciduous forest (1200) grassland (600) desert (90)
Energy Flow Among Trophic Levels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Flow Among Trophic Levels ,[object Object],[object Object]
Food Chains ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food Chains ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food Webs ,[object Object]
A Food Web ,[object Object],[object Object],1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
Detritus Feeders and Decomposers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Detritus Feeders and Decomposers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Transfer Is Inefficient ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Transfer Is Inefficient ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Transfer and Loss Heat Heat Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Detritus Feeders Heat Chemicals
Energy Pyramids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Energy Pyramid for a Prairie Ecosystem: The 10% Law
The Carbon Cycle Reservoirs Processes/ Locations Trophic Levels/ Organisms CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Producers Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria & detritus feeders CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria & detritus feeders CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria & detritus feeders CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Respitation CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Burning of fossil fuels CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Fire CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) CO 2 dissolved in ocean (reservoir) CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir)
Energy Pyramids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutrient Cycling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutrient Cycles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Atmospheric Cycles (C & N) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Electrical storms produce nitrate Ammonia & nitrate Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume roots and soil Ammonia & nitrate Uptake by plants Producers Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria and detritus feeders Ammonia & nitrate Dentitrifying bacteria Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Reservoirs Processes/ Locations Trophic Levels/ Organisms
The Phosphorous Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Hydrologic Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation from land & transpiration from plants Precipitation over land Water vapor in atmosphere Water in ocean (reservoir) Evaporation from ocean Water vapor in atmosphere Water in ocean (reservoir) Groundwater seepage Surface runoff Water in ocean (reservoir) Precipitation over ocean Reservoirs Processes/ Locations
The Hydrologic Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Causes Acid Rain? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Causes Acid Rain? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acid Rain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interfering with the Carbon Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interfering with the Carbon Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Greenhouse Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Greenhouse Gases Contribute to Global Warming
Global Warming Parallels CO 2 Increases
Severe Consequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Our Decisions Make a Difference ,[object Object]
Kyoto Treaty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kyoto Treaty ,[object Object],[object Object]
The End

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How Ecosystems Work APBio

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  • 19. Energy Transfer and Loss Heat Heat Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Detritus Feeders Heat Chemicals
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  • 21. An Energy Pyramid for a Prairie Ecosystem: The 10% Law
  • 22. The Carbon Cycle Reservoirs Processes/ Locations Trophic Levels/ Organisms CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Producers Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria & detritus feeders CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria & detritus feeders CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria & detritus feeders CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Respitation CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Burning of fossil fuels CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Fire CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir) CO 2 dissolved in ocean (reservoir) CO 2 in atmosphere (reservoir)
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  • 27. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Electrical storms produce nitrate Ammonia & nitrate Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume roots and soil Ammonia & nitrate Uptake by plants Producers Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria and detritus feeders Ammonia & nitrate Dentitrifying bacteria Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Reservoirs Processes/ Locations Trophic Levels/ Organisms
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  • 31. The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation from land & transpiration from plants Precipitation over land Water vapor in atmosphere Water in ocean (reservoir) Evaporation from ocean Water vapor in atmosphere Water in ocean (reservoir) Groundwater seepage Surface runoff Water in ocean (reservoir) Precipitation over ocean Reservoirs Processes/ Locations
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  • 39. Greenhouse Gases Contribute to Global Warming
  • 40. Global Warming Parallels CO 2 Increases
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