The document provides an overview of key terms and events related to the civil rights movement in the United States. It defines terms like prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination. It also discusses the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to Northern cities between 1910-1930, citing new job opportunities, mechanization of agriculture, Jim Crow laws and boll weevils as key drivers. Additionally, it describes the Harlem Renaissance as a cultural flowering of African American arts in the early 20th century concentrated in Harlem, New York.

2. Introduction to the Civil Rights
Movement (11.0)

3. Racism and Intolerance Introductory
Terms
 A. Prejudice: Negative attitude towards an
individual based on what group they belong to.
 Example: “Eugene is a bad driver because he is
Asian.”
 B. Stereotype: Widely held assumptions about
individuals that belong to a group.
 “Example: “Black people are fast”

4.  C. White Supremacy: Pseudo-scientific belief that white
Europeans are biologically superior to other races
 Example: (Theodore Roosevelt): “It was out of the question
to expect Texans to submit to the mastery of the weaker
race.”
 Example (Theodore Roosevelt): I wish very much that the
wrong people could be prevented entirely from
breeding;..The emphasis should be laid on getting
desirable people to breed…
 D. Discrimination: Treating people unequally on the
basis of what group they belong to
 Example: Lisa wasn’t allowed to join the military because

5.  E. Institutional Racism: When institutions
(government, schools, businesses, colleges, etc.)
promote racial inequality through their policies.
Racism by habit, not always intent.
 Example: People of color on average attend
schools of poorer quality than whites
 Example: Adam was hired instead of Tyrone
because he “presented himself” better or was”
someone we felt would work well with us” (meaning
similar cultural and racial experience)
 Example: Preferential admission to children of
alumni.

6.  F. Segregation: The policy (either legal or
unwritten) of keeping people separate based on
ethnicity or race.
 Purposes:
1. Maintain the purity of one race (sexual restrictions)
2. Prevent contamination of behavior or ideas (keep the bad
away from the good)
3. Maintain the economic hierarchies (distinguish between
poor and rich)

7. In Notes
 I. Intolerance Terms
 II. Jim Crow Laws—Explain what they were
and provide 3 examples of them.
 III. Great Migration—Explain what it was and list
at least 3 reasons why it happened.
 IV. Harlem Renaissance—Explain what it was.

8. Great Migration
 Movement of 2 million African-Americans from the
South to the North (and from the countryside to
the city.)
 A. New Jobs
 B. Mechanical Cotton Picker
 C. Jim Crow Laws
 D. Boll Weevils

9. The Great Migration

12. I. What was it?
 Greatest internal migration
in American history
 Movement of 2 million
African-Americans from the
South to the North (and
from the countryside to the
city.)
 First Wave Occurred
between 1910 and 1930.

13. II. Why did it happen?

14. A. New Job Opportunities
 World War I and the “booming
20s” created demand for more
labor in the North
 New immigration restrictions
meant that new low-skilled
workers were needed in Northern
factories.

15. B. Mechanical Cotton Picker
(1924)
 Made using manual labor for cotton
obsolete

16. C. Jim Crow
 African-Americans moved to
escape violence and
persecution in the South.

18. D. Boll-Weevils
 Boll-weevil epidemic in the
1920s destroyed the
harvests of African-American
sharecroppers

19. In Notes
 I. Intolerance Terms
 II. Jim Crow Laws—Explain what they were and
provide 3 examples of them.
 III. Great Migration—Explain what it was and
list at least 3 reasons why it happened.
 IV. Harlem Renaissance—Explain what it was.

20. Harlem Renaissance 1919-1930
 A “flowering” of African-American cultural expression in
music, art, and literature
 Causes:
 New pride from WWI (fighting and working)
 New wealth and opportunities
 Emerging African-American middle class
 New migrations
 Concentrated ambitious people in major Northern cities
 Urban whites became interested in African-American culture
 New Synthesis of expression: Jazz

21. Harlem
 In the early 1900s, African-
America real estate developer,
Philip Payton Jr. decided to
advertise a section of
Manhattan as a Black
neighborhood
 Initially unsuccessful, during
World War I migrant African-
Americans began settling in
the neighborhood.
 In 1920, Harlem was only 30%
black. By 1930, it was over

22. Jazz
 Born of Blues music from the South that merged
marching music, folk music, African drum beats,
Gospel, and improvisation with the sorrow of
Black life.
 Migrated and changed as it moved North during
the Great Migration
 Developed its own counter-culture and gathered
a widespread audience.
 The Jazz club became the “hip” place to be

23. Art (Aaron Douglas)
 "...Our problem is to conceive, develop, establish
an art era. Not white art painting black...let's bare
our arms and plunge them deep through laughter,
through pain, through sorrow, through hope,
through disappointment, into the very depths of
the souls of our people and drag forth material
crude, rough, neglected. Then let's sing it, dance
it, write it, paint it. Let's do the impossible. Let's
create something transcendentally material,
mystically objective. Earthy. Spiritually earthy.
Dynamic."

24. Why did the Civil Rights Movement
Begin in the 1950s? (V)
 EQ: Why did the Civil Rights Movement start
when it did? Why not before? Why not later?

25. 1. New Confidence Among the Black
Community
 A. World War II
 military experience provided new confidence
 job opportunities provided more resources
 those that left for the North wrote back to family
members in the South, telling them of a more equal
society
 B. new technologies made the distance between the
Northern Black community and the Southern Black
community shorter

26. 2. Changing Attitudes in the
(Northern) White Community
 A. War with Hitler made the segregation
system seem hypocritical
 Discredited eugenics, racial hierarchies,
and the theory of white supremacy
 B. New Experiences with African-
Americans
 Many Northern industries were
desegregated during World War II white
and black workers worked alongside each
other.

27.  C. Cold War
 America claimed to be the “beacon of democracy,”
but this would not be an effective slogan with the
emerging nations of Africa
 Whites feared that African-Americans would turn to
communism if they were continually disenfranchised
 D. Televisions brought the violence of the Southern
system to people’s homes

28. 3. A New Supreme Court
 A. A minority position became a majority position
under the “Warren Court”
 Interpreted 14th Amendment to mean that the
federal government had to protect the civil rights of
ALL its citizens against violations by the states

29.  B. Brown v Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas

30. Civil Rights Timeline 1954-1968
(11.1c)
 1954: Brown v. Board
 1955-1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott
 1957:Little Rock 9
 1960: Sit-ins begin
 1961: Freedom Riders
 1963: MLK arrested for marching in Birmingham,
March on Washington (“I have a Dream”), Bomb kills
4 girls in Birmingham Baptist Church, Kennedy
Assassinated

31. 1964
 24th Amendment
 Abolished Poll Taxes (were used against African-
American Voters)
 Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Prohibited discrimination based on race, ethnicity,
color, gender, or national origin in public places
 Gave federal government power to desegregate

32. 1965
 Civil Rights Organizers Cheney, Goodman, and Schwerner
killed by KKK.
 Malcolm X is assassinated by radical members of the Nation
of Islam
 Selma Voting Rights Marches where marchers are attacked
by Alabama Police
 Voting Rights Act (established federal oversight of elections
and procedures, finally enforcing the 15th Amendment)
 Watts Riots
 Affirmative Action (Executive Order 11246 by Johnson)–

33.  1966: Stokely Carmichael uses the phrase “Black
Power,” for the first time. Black Panther Party
created in Oakland
 1967: In Loving v. Virginia Supreme Court rules
that banning of interracial marriage is
unconstitutional; Major Riots in Newark and
Detroit
 1968: MLK assassinated, riots follow; Fair
Housing Act ends discrimination in housing

34. Women’s Rights Movement Timeline
(11.5a)

35.  1848: Seneca Falls Convention: 68 women and
32 men meet for 2 days and create a declaration
of sentiments
 1869: Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton create the NWSA to push for
constitutional amendment granting women’s
suffrage.

36.  1893: Colorado is first state to adopt women’s
suffrage in state-wide elections (followed by Utah,
Idaho and other Western States—California in
1911)
 1903: WTUL (Women’s Trade Union League)
formed (first female union).

37.  1913: Alice Paul and Lucy Burns form the
National Women’s Party (NWP). Begin picketing
White House for suffrage.

38.  1916: Margaret Sanger opens up the first birth-
control clinic (Later would be called “Planned
Parenthood”)

39.  1919-1920: 19th Amendment passes Congress---
gives women the right to vote.
 ^^End of “First Wave Feminism”

40.  World War II: Women are encouraged to take jobs left
by young men fighting in the war. Rosie the Riveter
campaign poster created.
 Postwar and 1950s: Women told to leave their jobs for
men and start having babies.
 Only respectable jobs for women: Nurse, Teacher,
Secretary (which they would have to quit when they
became pregnant/married).

41.  1960: Birth Control Pill approved by the FDA
 1961: Kennedy creates a “Commission on the
Status of Women.” The agency reports
widespread discrimination and harassment
against women in the workplace.
 1963: Betty Friedan publishes the Feminine
Mystique.

42. Betty Friedan and the Feminine
Mystique
 Friedan was a college educated wife
and mother
 She discovered that she wasn’t getting
the satisfaction out of cleaning and
raising children that she was
supposed to.
 Talking with her housewife friends, she
discovered they felt the same.
 Began interviewing housewives across
the country about their own
satisfaction
 Compared them to the ideals of

43. The Feminine Mystique
 Sought to uncover the
“mystique” of women’s roles.
 Asserted that there was
nothing about women that
made them enjoy housework
or being subservient to their
husbands.
 In other words: cooking,
cleaning, raising children isn’t
all that fulfilling.

44.  1964: Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act bars discrimination in hiring
on the basis of gender. EEOC
(Equal Economic Opportunity
Commission) set up to enforce
the law.
 1965: Griswold v. Connecticut
(Supreme Court rules that
contraceptives cannot be
banned by the government).
 1966: NOW (National
Organization for Women)
created by Betty Friedan and
supporters

45.  1968: Protest at Miss America
pageant
 1969: California becomes the
first state to allow
“no-fault” divorces.
 1970: 20,000 Women
participate in the Women’s
strike for Equality
 1972: Title IX of the Education
Code says that women must be
given equal opportunities to join
athletics in schools.
 1972: ERA (Equal Rights
Amendment) passes Congress
--Amendment never ratified by
a 2/3 of states)

46.  1973: Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion in certain
circumstances.
 1978: Pregnancy Discrimination Act: prohibits an
employer from not hiring an employee because
they are or could become pregnant.
 1986: Supreme Court Rules against Sexual
Harassment. (Employers can now be sued).

47. American Civil
Rights
Movement
)11.6b

48. Organizations
 Society of American Indians (SAI): Opposed the
Dawes Act, included mostly upper-class
professionals; disbanded in 1920s. Similar to NAACP.
 National Congress of American Indians (NCAI):
Opposed Termination; emerged as lobby group about
Bureau of Indian Affairs policy. Also, similar to
NAACP.
 National Indian Youth Council (NIYC): More radical
group composed of college students. Mirrored Civil
Rights Movement tactics. Formed by Clyde Warrior,
Melvin Thom, and Herbert Blatchford. Similar to
SNCC.

49. Organizations Continued
 American Indian Movement (AIM): Adopted
more militant tactics. Very Similar to Black
Panther Party. Founded by Dennis Banks and
Clyde Bellecourt.

50. Successes
 Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)—gave tribes
control over reservations, including education
systems for some tribes.
 Indian Child Welfare Act (1978): Prevents Native
American children from being forcibly transferred to
parents outside of the tribe.
 Santa Clara vs. Martinez (1978): Supreme Court
ruled it did not have authority to interfere in tribal
self-government issues.
 US vs. Sioux Nation of Indiana (1980): US
government forced to pay Sioux tribe for land
illegally taken, setting precedent.
 Native American Languages Act: Protected tribes’
ability to promote their own language in schools.

51. Failures
 Native Americans are poorest ethnic group in
America with lowest life expectancy and low
college enrollment.
 Native Americans still portrayed in movies and
mascots as stereotypes.
 Native American history is still not a large part of
public school curriculums in most states.
 Reparations and payment for stolen land is rare.