2. Motivations for Exploration
Spices! Used for:
Preserving food
Flavoring meat
Medicine
Perfume
Moluccas
Island chain called the
“spice islands”
3.
4. Portugal Sails
East
Prince Henry the Navigator
Founded school for
sailors, cartographers, and scientists
Never actually sailed on any voyages
Wanted to explore Africa- why?
Explored western coast of Africa
Bartholomeu Diaz rounds the tip of
Africa (Cape of Good Hope) in 1488.
5. Portugal Reaches India
Vasco da Gama
Following same route as
Diaz
Rounded Cape of Good
Hope
Crossed Indian Ocean to
India
Portugal gained control
of many trade ports in
the Indian Ocean
6. Columbus sails West
Italian Navigator
Wanted to find a route to
the East Indies by going
West
Portugal refused to
sponsor his voyage
Spain agreed
Who ruled Spain?
What was going on in
Spain?
7. Voyage of Columbus
Leaves Spain in 1492 with 3 ships
Reached the Caribbean after 2 months
Thought he was in India- called the
natives “Indians”
Took 3 more voyages
Still thought he was in Asia
8. Dividing the Globe
Arguments over
land exploration
rights
Treaty of
Tordesillas
Line of
Demarcation
○ Spain had lands
to the west
○ Portugal had
lands to the east
9. Magellan
Searching for direct
route to the spice
islands
Discovered Straight of
Magellan
His ship was first to
circumnavigate the
globe
10. The Slave
Trade
Europeans bought slaves to work on
their large plantations in the Americas
Relied on African leaders to capture the
slaves and bring them to the coast
Received weapons, tobacco, rum, etc in
exchange
Read box on p. 267
11. African Leaders Resist
Affonso I
Ruler of Kongo
Forced to convert to
Christianity
Tried to convince the
Portuguese to end the
slave trade
Some African leaders
banned slave traders
from passing through
their kingdoms
12. New African States Arise
Many African states
benefitted from the slave
trade
Asante Kingdom
○ Traded gold and slaves for
guns
Oyo Empire
○ Gained $$ from slave trade
and built a large army to
defeat surrounding tribes
13. European Presence
Expands
Dutch immigrants in
South Africa
Est. Cape Town
Dutch farmers called
Boers
Killed or enslaved the
local Africans
French and British
explorers conquered
much of North Africa