2. SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS IN INDIA- IS INDIA IMPLODING FROM WITHIN? by Sardar Zafar Mahmood Khan

8. INDIA’S COMMITMENTS ON KASHMIR “ The question of accession is to be decided finally in a free plebiscite; on this there is no dispute.” White Paper on Kashmir issued by Government of India, 1948 “ I wish to draw your attention to broadcast on Kashmir which I made last evening. I have stated our Government’s policy and made it clear that we have no desire to impose our will on Kashmir but to leave final decision to the people of Kashmir.” Indian P.M Nehru’s Telegram to British & Pakistan P.M on November 4, 1947 “ We have declared that the fate of Kashmir is ultimately to be decided by the people. That pledge we have given (and the Maharajah has supported it) not only to the people of Kashmir but to the world. We will not & cannot back out of it.” Indian P.M Nehru’s broadcast to nation from All India Radio on November 2, 1947 “ "In regard to accession also, it has been made clear that this is subject to reference to people of State and their decision". Indian P.M Nehru’s Telegram to British & Pakistan P.M on October 28, 1947 “ Our view which we have repeatedly made public is that the question of accession in any disputed territory or State must be decided in accordance with the wishes of people, and we adhere to this view". Indian P.M Nehru’s Telegram to British & Pakistan P.M on October 27, 1947 “ As a great nation, we cannot go back on it. We have left the question for final solution to the people of Kashmir and we are determined to abide by their decision”. Nehru's statement on holding plebiscite in Kashmir (Calcutta on January 2, 1952) STATEMENT / COMMITMENT NAME OF LEADER/GOVT.

9. UN RESOLUTIONS ON KASHMIR Resolution adopted by the Security Council at its meeting on 20 th September 1965 07 Resolution adopted by the Security Council on 24 th January 1957, concerning the India–Pakistan Question 06 Resolution of the Security Council of March 30, 1951 05 Resolution of the Security Council of March 14, 1950 04 Resolution of the Commission of January 5, 1949 03 Resolution of the Commission of August 13, 1948 02 Resolution of the Security Council of April 21, 1948 01

10. ATTROCITIES BY INDIAN TROOPS IN 2008 SOURCE : http://www.kmsnews.org/databank/atrocities-indian-troops-2008 93 5 1 6 0 23 1 37 3 7 2 5 3 Women gang raped /Molested 164 0 10 5 9 92 12 10 5 7 9 3 2 Children orphaned 85 3 5 3 4 46 6 5 3 3 4 2 1 Women widowed 44 0 0 0 8 4 0 6 3 6 11 3 3 Kidnapped or Missing 106 1 8 10 2 1 6 7 3 23 18 16 11 Arson (Houses, Shops, etc.) 1408 43 102 88 187 278 71 203 64 118 77 87 90 Arrested 4824 193 250 322 560 1527 274 1003 146 139 188 111 111 Tortured / Critically Injured 24 0 1 0 4 0 2 6 2 5 2 1 1 Custodial Killings 25 0 2 3 3 2 7 1 1 2 4 0 0 Kids 12 1 0 0 1 5 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 Women 501 18 32 53 59 86 40 53 28 43 25 37 27 Men 538 19 34 56 63 93 49 54 30 46 30 37 27 Total Killings (Including in Custody) Total Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan

11. VIOLENCE IN KASHMIR (JAN 1989- JAN 2010) SOURCE: http://www.kmsnews.org/ 9,987 Women gang-raped / Molested 107,400 Children Orphaned 22,749 Women Widowed 105,901 Structures Arsoned /Destroyed 118,989 Civilians Arrested 6,982 Custodial Killings 93,549 Total Killings From January 1989 to January 31, 2010

15. FREEDOM FIGHTER GROUPS IN KASHMIR Islami Jamaat-e-Tulba 19 Mahaz-e-Azadi 18 Al Umar Mujahideen 17 Al Jehad Force 16 Kashmir Jehad Force 15 Muslim Janbaz Force 14 People's League 13 Jammu & Kashmir National Liberation Army 12 Jamait-ul-Mujahideen 11 Al Jehad 10 Ikhwan -ul- Mujahideen 09 Dukhtaran-e- Millat (D.M) 08 Mutahida Jehad Council 07 Tehrik-ul-Mujahideen 06 Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (J.K.L.F) 05 Jaish-e-Mohammad Mujahideen-e-Tanzeem 04 Lashkar-e-Toiba 03 Harkat-ul-Ansar or Harkat -ul- Jihad- e-Islami 02 Hizbul Mujahideen (H.M) 01 Name of Group/Organisation S. No

17. KHALISTAN MOVEMENT

18. INDIAN LEADERS’ COMMITMENTS WITH SIKHS “ Adequate safeguards would be provided for minorities in India…It was a declaration, pledge and an undertaking before the world, a contract with millions of Indians and, therefore, in the nature of an oath we must keep .” Resolution in the Constituent Assembly on December 9, 1946. “ The brave Sikhs of Punjab are entitled to special consideration. I see nothing wrong in an area and a set-up in the North wherein the Sikhs can experience the glow of freedom” Nehru’s address to Sikhs at All India Congress Committee meeting in Calcutta in 1946 "I ask you to accept my word…and the resolution of the Congress that it will not betray a single individual, much less a community…our Sikh friends have no reason to fear that it would betray them…… Moreover, Sikhs are a brave people. They know how to safeguard their rights by exercise of arms if it should ever come to that . M.K. Gandhi’s address to a meeting in Delhi STATEMENT NAME OF LEADER

22. NORTH EAST INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH MIZORAM MANIPUR NAGALAND MEGHALAYA ASSAM TRIPURA

39. BASIC FACTS ABOUT POP. & LANGUAGES (1/6) SOURCE: Dipankar Banerjee, Myanmar and Northeast-India, Delhi Policy Group, Delhi, 1997, p-11 . Bodos have developed their language in Devanascript. The Deuris, Tiwas & Ravas have adopted the Assamiya script for developing their respective languages. 26,638,407 Assam Khasi, Garo, Hajong, Rabha, Koch, Synteng, Mikir, Bodo Kachari. English is the official language of the State 2,318,822 Meghalaya The official languages of the state are English, Bengali and Kokborok. 3,199,203 Tripura Mizo language spoken by about 77% of the people is the official language of Mizoram. The minority languages are Chakma, Lakher, Pawi, any Kuki tribes, Hmar, Hindi, Nepali, Paite, etc. 888,573 Mizoram Number of tribes-17 (Each tribe speaks its own language). Artificial language known as Nagamese, based on the Assamese language,has evolved as a common link language. Nagamese is not the mother tongue of any of the tribes nor is it a written language 1,9990,036. Nagaland Adi, Apatani, Bhoti, Khampti, and Nishi (None of these languages, except Khampti, had any script.) 705,158 Arunchal Pradesh MAJOR LANGUAGES POPULATION NAME OF STATE

40. TARIPURA-POPULATION & % AGE OF MAJOR TRIBES NAGALAND- SCHEDULED TRIBE (ST) POPULATION OF NAGALAND (2/6) SOURCE: Office of the Registrar General, 2001, Census, India 0.1 1,582 Garo 1.1 20,195 Kuki 98. 1,741,692 Naga 100% 1,774,026 All Scheduled Tribes PROPORTION TO THE TOTAL ST POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION NAME OF THE TRIBE 1.2 12,416 Munda 3.1 30,385 Mag 4.8 47,245 Halam (Kuki) 6.5 64,293 Chakma 7.5 74,949 Jamatia 14.6 165,103 Riang 54.7 543,848 Tripuri

41. POPULATION OF MAJOR NAGA TRIBES (3/6) SOURCE: Office of the Registrar General, 2001, Census, India 3.5 60885 Chang 4.1 71871 Zeliang 4.4 75983 Yimchunger 4.8 83714 Sangtam 7.7 134646 Chakesang 6.6 115389 Phom 8.5 148210 Lotha 7.2 124696 Angami 14.0 243758 Konyak 13.9 241806 Sema 13.2 231823 Ao

42. MEGHALAYA - SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION (4/6) SOURCE: Office of the Registrar General, 2001, Census, India 0.5 10,085 Any Kuki tribes 0.6 11,399 Mikir 0.9 18,342 Synteng 1.1 21,381 Koch 1.4 28,153 Rabha 1.6 31,381 Hajong 34.6 689,639 Garo 56.4 1,123,490 Khasi 100% 1,992,862 All Scheduled Tribes PROPORTION TO THE TOTAL ST POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION NAME OF THE TRIBE

43. MIZORAM - SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION (5/6) SOURCE: Office of the Registrar General, 2001, Census, India ** 3 Man (Tai Speaking) ** 18 Mikir ** 74 Garo ** 95 Dimasa ** 419 Synteng 0.1 1,194 Any Naga Tribes 0.2 1,514 Khasi 2.2 18,155 Hmar 2.5 21,040 Any Kuki Tribes 4.3 36,018 Lakher 5.0 42,230 Pawi 8.5 71,282 Chakma 77 646,117 Any Mizo (Lushai) Tribes 100% 839,310 All ST Tribes PROPORTION TO THE TOTAL ST POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION NAME OF THE TRIBE

44. ASSAM - SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION (6/6) SOURCE: Office of the Registrar General, 2001, Census, India 1.2 41,161 Deori 3.4 110,976 Dimasa 5.2 170,622 Lalung 7.1 235,881 Kachari 8.4 277,517 Rabha 10.7 353,513 Mikir 17.8 587,310 Miri 40.9 1,352,771 Boro 100% 1. 3,308,570 All STs PROPORTION TO THE TOTAL ST POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION NAME OF THE TRIBE

45. SEPARATIST GROUPS IN NAGALAND (1/2) Socialist Democratic Front of Tripura (SDFT) 17 Tripura Tribal Action Committee Force (TTACF) 16 All Tripura Bharat Suraksha Force (ATBSF) 15 Tripura Tribal Youth Force (TTYF) 14 Tribal Commando Force (TCF) 13 All Tripura Volunteer Force (ATVF) 12 Tripura Defence Force (TDF) 11 Tripura Liberation Force (TLF) 10 Tripura Tribal Youth Force (TTYF) 09 Tripura Tribal Democratic Force (TTDF) 08 Tripura Armed Tribal Commando Force (TATCF) 07 Tripura Tribal Volunteer Force (TTVF) 06 United Bengali Liberation Front (UBLF) 05 Tripura Liberation Organisation Front (TLOF) 04 Naga National Council (Adino) - NNC (Adino) 03 National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang)- NSCN (K) 02 National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) - NSCN(IM) 01 Name of Group /Organisation S. No

46. SEPARATIST GROUPS IN ASSAM - (2/2) Muslim Security Council of Assam (MSCA) 17 Muslim United Liberation Front of Assam (MULFA) 16 Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA) 15 Barak Valley Youth Liberation Front (BVYLF) 14 Gorkha Tiger Force(GTF) 13 All Assam Adivasi Suraksha Samiti (AAASS) 12 Adivasi Security Force (ASF) 11 Bengali Tiger Force (BTF) 10 Bircha Commando Force(BCF) 09 Tiwa National Revolutionary Force (TNRF) 08 Karbi People's Front(KPF) 07 Adivasi Cobra Force (ACF) 06 Koch-Rajbongshi Liberation Organisation (KRLO) 05 Rabha National Security Force (RNSF) 04 Karbi National Volunteers (KNV) 03 Dima Halom Daogah (DHD) 02 Bodo Liberation Tigers (BLT) 01 Name of Group /Organisation S. No

47. 74% 49% Proportion of households with electricity Rs.127 Rs.92 Per capital expenditure on public health 74% 59% Literacy Rs. 13629 Rs. 8433 Per capita income South India North India COMPARISON BETWEEN NORTH INDIA AND SOUTH INDIA (1/3)

48. COMPARISON - 2/3

49. The remote tribal lands of Manipur state are still tilled by oxen (3/3)

50. THE SEVEN SISTER STATES

51. 1/2

52. MAJOR THREAT -1 FREEDOM STRUGGLE MAJOR THREAT-2 THE RED CORRIDOR MAJOR THREAT-3 SILIGURI CORRIDOR INDIA’S THREAT PERCEPTION – (2/2)