Made by FAZAIA College Minhas (uploaded by FAZMIC)

1. 28.1 Levels of Organization
A. Levels of Structural OrganizationA. Levels of Structural Organization
AtomAtom
MoleculeMolecule
CellCell
TissueTissue
OrganOrgan
Organ SystemOrgan System
OrganismOrganism

2. 28.1 Levels of Organization

3. 28.1 Levels of Organization
ExamplesExamples::
≈ carboncarbon
≈ PhospholipidPhospholipid
≈ nerve cellnerve cell
≈ nervous tissuenervous tissue
≈ brainbrain
≈ nervous systemnervous system
≈ humanhuman
AtomAtom
MoleculeMolecule
CellCell
TissueTissue
OrganOrgan
Organ SystemOrgan System
OrganismOrganism

4. 28.1 Levels of Organization
1. Atoms combine to form molecules1. Atoms combine to form molecules
Atoms Molecule

5. 28.1 Levels of Organization
2. Molecules form cells2. Molecules form cells
Molecules Cell

6. 28.1 Levels of Organization
a.a. Specialized cells develop from aSpecialized cells develop from a
single zygote.single zygote.
• Organisms are made up of specializedOrganisms are made up of specialized
cellscells..
red blood cell nerve cell

7. 28.1 Levels of Organization
• Zygotes first divide into embryonic stem cellsZygotes first divide into embryonic stem cells..
• Stem cells develop inStem cells develop in
two stages.two stages.
– determination, ordetermination, or
committing tocommitting to
become one cell typebecome one cell type
– differentiation, ordifferentiation, or
acquiring specializedacquiring specialized
structures andstructures and
functionsfunctions

8. 28.1 Levels of Organization
3. Cells form tissues3. Cells form tissues
Similar cells with aSimilar cells with a
common functioncommon function
form tissuesform tissues
• There are 4 basicThere are 4 basic
tissue types:tissue types:
• EpithelialEpithelial
• NervousNervous
• MuscularMuscular
• ConnectiveConnective

9. 28.1 Levels of Organization
cell
4. Specialized cells function together in4. Specialized cells function together in
tissues, organs, organ systems, and thetissues, organs, organ systems, and the
whole organism.whole organism.
• Specialized cells perform specificSpecialized cells perform specific
tasks.tasks.
• Tissues are groups ofTissues are groups of
similar cells workingsimilar cells working
together.together.
tissue
– epithelial tissueepithelial tissue
– connectiveconnective
tissuetissue
– muscle tissuemuscle tissue
– nervous tissuenervous tissue

10. 28.1 Levels of Organization
5.5. Tissues form organsTissues form organs
• Two or more tissue types formTwo or more tissue types form
an organan organ
An organ is a structure thatAn organ is a structure that
performs a specific functionperforms a specific function
for the bodyfor the body

11. 28.1 Levels of Organization
66. Organs form Organ Systems. Organs form Organ Systems
• A group of organs whichA group of organs which
work together for a commonwork together for a common
purpose is an organ systempurpose is an organ system
Brain, Spinal Cord, etc.Brain, Spinal Cord, etc. Nervous SystemNervous System

12. 28.1 Levels of Organization
B. Body SystemsB. Body Systems
1. Integumentary System1. Integumentary System
Skin is the only organSkin is the only organ
 Protects from injuryProtects from injury
 Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature
 Receptors for temperature, pain,Receptors for temperature, pain,
and pressureand pressure

13. 28.1 Levels of Organization
2. Skeletal System2. Skeletal System
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, andBones, cartilage, ligaments, and
jointsjoints
 Supports bodySupports body
 ProtectionProtection
 Storage for minerals (calcium)Storage for minerals (calcium)

14. 28.1 Levels of Organization
3.3. Muscular SystemMuscular System
Muscles contract (shorten)Muscles contract (shorten)
to cause movementto cause movement
• Skeletal muscles are large,Skeletal muscles are large,
fleshy, and attached to bonefleshy, and attached to bone

15. 28.1 Levels of Organization
4. Nervous System4. Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord,Brain, spinal cord,
nerves, & sensorynerves, & sensory
receptorsreceptors
• Responds toResponds to
irritants or stimuliirritants or stimuli

16. 28.1 Levels of Organization
5. Endocrine System5. Endocrine System
Releases hormones to control:Releases hormones to control:
 GrowthGrowth
 ReproductionReproduction
 Food useFood use

17. 28.1 Levels of Organization
6. Circulatory System6. Circulatory System
Made of 2 organ systemsMade of 2 organ systems::
 Cardiovascular System:Cardiovascular System:
- Heart and blood vesselsHeart and blood vessels
- Transport oxygen, etc.Transport oxygen, etc.
 Lymphatic System:Lymphatic System:
- Cleanses blood, immunityCleanses blood, immunity

18. 28.1 Levels of Organization
7. Respiratory System7. Respiratory System
• Nasal passages,Nasal passages,
pharynx, larynx,pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, lungstrachea, bronchi, lungs
Supplies body withSupplies body with
oxygenoxygen
Removes carbon dioxideRemoves carbon dioxide

19. 28.1 Levels of Organization
8. Digestive System8. Digestive System
• Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx,Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, smallesophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine,intestine, large intestine,
rectumrectum
Breaks down food andBreaks down food and
delivers nutrients todelivers nutrients to
blood for cells in theblood for cells in the
bodybody

20. 28.1 Levels of Organization
9. Urinary System9. Urinary System
• Kidneys, ureters, bladder, andKidneys, ureters, bladder, and
urethraurethra
• Removes Nitrogen-containingRemoves Nitrogen-containing
wastes from the blood andwastes from the blood and
flushes them from the body influshes them from the body in
urineurine
Regulates:Regulates:
– Water balanceWater balance
– Salt balanceSalt balance
– pH (acid-base) balancepH (acid-base) balance

21. 28.1 Levels of Organization
10. Reproductive System10. Reproductive System
Functions to produce offspringFunctions to produce offspring
• Male testes produce spermMale testes produce sperm
 Male Structures: scrotum, penis,Male Structures: scrotum, penis,
accessory glands, duct systemaccessory glands, duct system
• Female ovaries produce eggsFemale ovaries produce eggs
 Female structures: uterine tubes,Female structures: uterine tubes,
vagina, uterus (where fetus develops)vagina, uterus (where fetus develops)

22. 28.1 Levels of Organization
All of the organ systems form the organismAll of the organ systems form the organism

23. 28.1 Levels of Organization
Activity – Due end of the period Thursday.Activity – Due end of the period Thursday.
• You are going to create a mini poster with your tableYou are going to create a mini poster with your table
partner. You will make them for 2 organ systems.partner. You will make them for 2 organ systems.
• Layout of Poster (Follow this layout, or lose points…)Layout of Poster (Follow this layout, or lose points…)
Major Organ System: (Name organ here)
Major Tissues & Organs Primary Function
____________________ ______________
____________________ ______________
____________________ ______________
*Must have 2-3 pictures*

24. 28.1 Levels of Organization
Q1: DEFINE SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES?Q1: DEFINE SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES?
Q2: WHAT ARE BIOMOLECULES?Q2: WHAT ARE BIOMOLECULES?
Q3: DEFINE SPECIES?Q3: DEFINE SPECIES?
Q4: DEFINE ORGAN AND ORGAN SYSTEM?Q4: DEFINE ORGAN AND ORGAN SYSTEM?
Q5: DEFINE TISSUES?Q5: DEFINE TISSUES?
Q6: GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY?Q6: GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY?