1. Formal and Aesthetic Axiology
The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of value and types of value, as in morals,
aesthetics, religion and metaphysics is known as Axiology. Everybody is born with freedom,
having no moral and ethical value that’s why we are different to each other. People like to twist
around try to confuse others with values. Values are something that people stand for, become
preventive, believe in it, and give it importance. To portray the meaning of this, honest and loyalty
can be taken as examples which is hardly found in society. Valuing is a gift of caring, giving
respect, it’s like you give someone a reason to think, to assign meaning, to determine the richness
of properties. For instance take an example of color vision in order to differentiate between value
and values, now compare value of one’s ability to see different colors as we can see around us, no
rocket science. We can see multiple colors with great vision and clarity that’s one of the gifts from
God to us, that’s value and when u see different type of colors that represents different tastes and
aspects with respect to your mind, that’s called values. Because each color has its own value,
represents its own importance with uniqueness. We study different colors and then differentiates
them, same is the case with axiology which is the study of one’s ability to think how things or
people differ from each other, so to say red color is more significant and attractive than blue means
that red values more than blue means it has more importance and chances of likeness than blue,
suppose Adam values people more than money it means that Adam prefers people, like them more
than money. Values are a set of priorities over one another. Everything, everyone in this universe
is created for purpose which means it all has some value. Value also defines true respect you carry
for people because you value someone for what they really are, impressed by their skills and
ability. Axiologist’s field of study is to determine how individuals compare things and how values
can either represent or distort from reality (Dr. Robert Kinsel Smith)

2. Formal axiology is a subtype to philosophy of morals that focuses the concepts of values and value.
To understand a clear framework to connect moral philosophy to the discipline of axiology which
could sort out the value of disciplines and distinctions. Philosophy due to its popularity can be
defined as an alternative solution to all big issues and problems that are unable to be solved,
philosophy and values are two words on the same track. The complexity of issues exaggerates
when we lack knowledge, exposure and a clear mindset. Considering the risks which holds us back
from going further into discussions and to take critical decisions should not be taken lightly,
discussing problems, issues with others, trying to figure out the solutions, can minimize the risk
of going astray. In fact, it lets you think of the adjacent issues which are indirectly related to the
primary ones, this is where we can distinctive primary and secondary issues so that we can let our
mind work in a proper ascending manner, it keeps you focused on what things with values are
going to help you around, it’s very important to keep an eye on confusions and ambiguities. There
will be some of the issues discussed briefly most of the time, simply bracket them and chances are
that the answers lies may be deep down but inside formal axiology, another way to categorize this
is to apply a basic and familiar distinction between meta-ethics and normative ethics. In meta-
ethics the questions related to the issues become second-order while in normative ethics they
become first-order. This is the interesting part, for instance maximization of happiness or a good
will eventually will make actions right even if they sense diabolical, meat is not good to eat its
wrong, wasting time on games is not right, same sex marriages is non-religious and is absolutely
against the nature, now if we were to think about the second-order questions for same questions
then it will take various other forms probably can change the sense or the whole meaning of it, in
this case we can even lose the essence of our hope to overcome issues which could end up in
disappointment. For this we first need to list down our primary priorities to first-order questions,

3. we should ponder on ideas, creativity which could lead us to support these questions, we might
ask whether such judgments are capable of being true or false. Meta-ethics is generally covered by
interconnected questions like these which has impacts on each other (Jonas Olson).
It is very important to consider research based on philosophical facts and figures, and a fine
approach. The value of individuals of researchers should be kept in consideration because they
work as a ladder in research process. Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2007) cite heron, argue that
our values are the guiding reasons for our actions. Whatever the judgments and research approach
work is actually a practical construction and portray of axiological skill. Consider an example of
surveys which are to be taken instead of interviews, it’s not necessary to have personal rich
conversation in a private room, it’s not being valued, it’s more of a phobia, people fear interviews
because they feel that they are not going to make it or may be the interviewers will ask me
something which I might not know or answer incorrectly. Now think for moment, what part of
ethics/values does it effects the most? Moral values, we start degrading our self, we lose self-
respect and many disorders takes place in our head. Interviews should not be taken only for the
collection of data sets, so that a bunch of PhDs and others sat down together and argue and mock
sometimes about candidates who dared coming to the interview. It’s absolutely unethical and
immoral. This argument can be understood if we are aware of our values and transparency
recognize this during research which might strengthened it, the bias choices can be minimized and
self-correction values based on generic statements are also recommended and can be beneficial.
We should not harm values of any human and on the contrary sometimes the opportunity to go to
the other side of axiology also comes, suppose a person comes to an interview in Oil n Gas
Company, now these companies have affiliations with universities and recruiting agencies which
give them candidates who either are good or have paid them who also carries a potential reference

4. with him/her. Now if the company hires the second type of candidates, ultimately the company
along with the panel will lose values, the candidates in first type might lose their hope and a lot
more, philosophers sometimes refers this term as Ethical Dilemma, but it can be other way around.
The approach for this study can be divided into four simple phases; Purpose, Research Question,
Theoretical Perspective and Research Design, they all are interlinked with each other to yield a
concrete outcome from the issue (Paul Flowers; iss. 3).
The cultural hierarchy of social critique is between high and popularity. Although it raises doubts
regarding the status of aesthetic judgments made. The influence of differences based on aesthetic
judgements and non-aesthetic factors can be explained by an example described by Thorstein
Veblen (2007). Veblen gave the example of a handcrafted silver spoon and an aluminum spoon,
silver spoon are generally considered to be more valuable and beautiful than mechanical produced
aluminum spoon, now the purpose of both the spoons is to use them carry food to their mouth,
morally and ethically they have the same value but silver spoon is preferred highly on aluminum
spoon not because it’s rarely found but they high aesthetic value than aluminum spoons. Although
if we go through the materialistic properties of both, aluminum is found more useful than silver,
but since people and society are caught up in the hype of status, power and money, they prefer to
use silver spoons to accommodate their leisure demonstration of high social status (Veblen
2007,85-86).
Social scientists have engaged their selves to research about the relationship between social
standings and cultural preferences. Most of them have concluded cultural preferences along with
aesthetic judgments are based on social background and educational level of the individuals, also
their racial and economic status to which they belong to. Number of groups have been dissolved
to show different cultural aspects, values and consumptions, with different aesthetic assessment.

5. The question of the validity should be directed towards aesthetic axiology whether they can sustain
generic validity, the expression of different form of life and a conditioned social consumption
pattern for individual plays a vital role (Ludwig Wittgenstein:2003 241,242).
The start and end of every discussion is important to remind yourself what you have learned so
far. We started it with the aim to research every aspect with possible solutions in and against the
topic. People are different they don’t look alike, everyone carries different mindset to see things
around him which creates different axiological values based on ethics and aesthetics. I find it valid
and contended to be a supportive to this statement which ignites a fire of moral and ethical values.
It has enabled a think-tank process, to see things with different perspectives and fit them
accordingly.
References:-
 Rem B. Edwards, Lindsay Young, (2013), “Journal of Formal Axiology: Theory and
Practice”, Publication of Robert S. Hartman Institute
 Rem B. Edwards, Lindsay Young, (1995), “Formal Axiology and the kinsel-Hartman
Profile”, Clear Directions Inc. retrieved from
http://www.zeroriskhr.com/pdfs/support/hidden/clients/samples/axiology.pdf
 Jonas Olson, (2005), “Axiological Investigations”, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis,
Uppsala, 4.73 pp.
 Pavel Zahrádka, (2013), “A Critique of Aesthetic Hierarchism and its consequences for the
Theory of Art, Art criticism and Aesthetic Axiology” European Society for Aesthetics, Vol.
5, Palacký University Olomouc.