This document summarizes an experiment measuring pipe friction for turbulent flow. The experiment used a brass pipe with an inner diameter of 3mm and length of 524mm. Water flow rates were measured through the pipe, and Reynolds numbers, velocities, and friction coefficients were calculated and recorded in a table. While the theoretical friction coefficient decreased with increasing Reynolds number, the measured friction coefficient fluctuated, possibly due to experimental errors in maintaining a stable flow rate or accurately recording timer measurements.

1. Erbil Polytechnic University
Koya Technical Institute
Petroleum Technology
Operation and Control
Report
Fluid Mechanic Lab.
Test no: (7)
Test name:
(Pipe Friction for Turbulent)
Supervised by:
Karwan A. Ali
Date of Test: 18/01/2018
Date of Submit:25/01/2018
Prepared by: Muhammed Fuad Rashid

2. Title Page number
Introduction 3
Objective 3
Apparatus 4
procedure 5
Calculation 5-7
Discussion 8-9
Reference 9

3. -Introduction:
The name of this experiment is pipe Flow. The pur[pose of this lab is to
observe the variation of head loss with velocity for the flow of water through
a small diameter pipe over a range of Reynolds numbers including both
laminar and turbulent flow, and to compare the variation of friction factor
with Reynolds number with published result. This experiment is a
requirement for the fluids laboratory. The experiment was performed by a
group of students.
-:Objective
Determine the pipe friction losses in laminar and turbulent flow. The
purposes of the variation of head loss with velocity for the flow of water
through a small diameter pipe, over a range Reynolds number including both
laminar and turbulent floe, and to compare the variation of friction factor with
Reynolds number with published results.
-Unit description:
The pipe section used is a brass pipe with an inside diameter of 3mm and a
length of 524mm.
The pressure losses are measured in laminar flow with a water manometer.
The statics pressure difference is indicated. In turbulent flow the pressure
difference is measured with a water-filled U-tube manometer. A level tank is
provided to generate the laminar flow. It ensure a constant water in flow
pressure on the pipe section at a constant water level. The level tank is not
used to generate turbulent flow. The water is fed directly from the water main
into the pipe section. The flow rate is set by means of needle valves at each
end of the pipe. The water is supplied either from the hydraulic bench or from
the laboratory main. An enclosed water circuit can be established with the
hydraulic bench.

4. -Apparatus:
1/ Demonstration board
2/ U-Tube manometer
3/ Discharge needle valve
4/ pressure tapping at the end of the pipe
5/pressure tapping at the beginning of the pipe
6/ pipe section
7/ Inlet needle valves
8/ Hose connection water supply
9/ Overflow
10/ water tank
11/ water manometer

5. -Procedure:
-Set up the experiment on the hydraulic bench so that the discharge
directs the water the water into the sewer.
- Connect a hose between the hydraulic bench and the unit.
- Open the hydraulic bench discharge.
In this case the level tank is not used. For turbulent flow a higher floe
rate is required. The water is therefore fed directly from the
hydraulic bench or from the main inti the pipe section. Proceed as
follows:
-Close the ball-cock fully.
-Close valve (2) fully.
-Close valve (1) fully.
-Open the needle valve.
-Switch the hydraulic bench pump on.
-Determining the volume flow.
-increase from the watchfhIncrease the flow in increments (
measurement ) and reaped the volume flow the measurements.
-Calculation:
T=16.4ºC d=3mm → 0.3cm r=
𝑑
2
→
0.3
2
=0.15cm
2
→ 981 cm/s2
g=9.81 m/s→ 52.4cmmmL=524
2
cm0.070685A=
st=43.473
cmV=650→ 130.0cmmm=1300fh/No.1
=?th=? fm=? feR=? v=?Q
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

6. /s3
cm8=14.952=
650
43.47
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 14.9528
0.070685
= 211.542 cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cm0.0109828v=
Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
211.541×0.3
0.0109828
= 5778.3605
):mffriction coefficient (measuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2 =
2×981×0.3×130
52.4×211.542
2 = 0.0326=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
0.03629=
0.3164
𝑅 𝑒
0.25 =
0.3164
5778.36050.25=thf
st=35.963
cmV=650→185.0 cm=1850mmfh/.2No
=?th=? fm=? feQ=? v=? R
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
/s3
cm18.0756==
650
35.96
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 18.0756
0.070685
= 255.721 cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cm0.0109828v=

7. Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
255.721×0.3
0.0109828
= 6985.1316
):mffriction coefficient (measuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2 =
2×981×0.3×185
52.4×225.7212 = 0.0318=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
0.0346=
0.3164
𝑅 𝑒
0.25 =
0.3164
77612.5730.25=thf
st=33.463
50cmV=6→225.0 cm2250mm=fh/.3No
=?th=? fm=? feQ=? v=? R
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
/s3
cm19.426==
650
33.46
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 19.426
0.070685
= 274.8275 cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cm0.0109828v=
Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
274.8275 ×0.3
0.0109828
= 7507.0332
):mffriction coefficient (measuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2 =
2×981×0.3×225
52.4×274.8275
2 = 0.0335=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
0.03399=
0.3164
𝑅 𝑒
0.25 =
0.3164
7507.03320.25=thf

8. -Table of Calculating:
thfmfeRV (cm/s)/s)3
Q (cmNo.
0.036293230.0566320035211.54214.95281
0.03463230.301352...0255.72118.07562
0.0339932300565362300.274.827519.4263
-Discussion:
/1
5778.3605
5935.3605
6092.3605
6249.3605
6406.3605
6563.3605
6720.3605
6877.3605
7034.3605
7191.3605
7348.3605
7505.3605
0.031750.031990.032230.032470.032710.032950.033190.03343
Re
fm

9. 2- By increasing the discharge of the fluid, the
theoretical coefficient will decrease but the measured
coefficient will increase, decrease and increase again.it
must have decrease too but I suppose there's some errors
and mistakes in our testing experiment but I do not know
what is the exact factor that make our result goes like
that maybe we didn't make the flow rate of the fluid
stable or we didn't accurate on recording time of the
timer in one of the tests.
-Reference:
instruction papersTeacher's
5778.3605
5935.3605
6092.3605
6249.3605
6406.3605
6563.3605
6720.3605
6877.3605
7034.3605
7191.3605
7348.3605
7505.3605
0.033990.034490.034990.035490.03599
Re
fth