The document discusses various topics related to Node.js including data types, objects, functions, command line arguments, and getting user input. It provides examples of declaring variables of different data types, creating and accessing objects, defining and calling functions, reading command line arguments, and using modules to get input from the user.

1. Unit-2
Getting Input from User

2. Node.js Basics: Datatypes
Node.js is a cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment. It allows the
creation of scalable Web servers without threading and networking tools using
JavaScript and a collection of “modules” that handle various core
functionalities. It can make console-based and web-based node.js applications.
Datatypes: Node.js contains various types of data types similar to JavaScript.
• Boolean:
• Undefined
• Null
• String
• Number

3. Loose Typing: Node.js supports loose typing, it means you don’t need
to specify what type of information will be stored in a variable in
advance. We use var keyword in Node.js to declare any type of variable.

4. Example of Datatype:
// Variable store number data type // var a = 10;
var a = 35; // var a = 20;
console.log(typeof a); // console.log(a)
// Variable store string data type
a = “Lovely Professional University";
console.log(typeof a);
// Variable store Boolean data type
a = true;
console.log(typeof a);
// Variable store undefined (no value) data type
a = undefined;
Console.log(typeof a);

5. Objects & Functions
Node.js objects are same as JavaScript objects i.e. the objects are similar
to variable and it contains many values which are written as name: value
pairs. Name and value are separated by colon and every pair is separated
by comma.
Create an object of Student: Name, Branch, City and Mobile Number.

6. var university =
{
Name: "LPU",
Address: "Phagwara",
Contact: "+917018003845",
Email: mukesh.27406@lpu.ac.in
};
// Display the object information
console.log("Information of variable university:", university);
// Display the type of variable
console.log("Type of variable university:", typeof university);

7. Node.js Functions
Node.js functions are defined using function keyword then the name of
the function and parameters which are passed in the function. In
Node.js, we don’t have to specify datatypes for the parameters and
check the number of arguments received. Node.js functions follow
every rule which is there while writing JavaScript functions.
function

8. function multiply(num1, num2)
{
return num1 * num2;
}
var x = 2;
var y = 3;
console.log("Multiplication of", x, "and", y, "is", multiply(x, y));

9. String and String Functions
In Node.js we can make a variable as string by assigning a value either
by using single (‘ vvv ‘) or double (“ bbbbb”) quotes and it contains
many functions to manipulate to strings.

10. var x = "Welcome to Lovely Professional University";
var y = 'Node.js Tutorials';
var z = ['Lovely', 'Professional', 'University'];
console.log(x);
console.log(y);
console.log("Concat Using (+) :", (x + y));
console.log("Concat Using Function :", (x.concat(y)));
console.log("Split string: ", x.split(' '));
console.log("Join string: ", z.join(' '));
console.log("Char At Index 5: ", x.charAt(10));

11. Node.js Buffer
In node.js, we have a data type called “Buffer” to store a binary data and
it is useful when we are reading a data from files or receiving a packets
over network.

12. How to read command line arguments in Node.js ?
Command-line arguments (CLI) are strings of text used to pass
additional information to a program when an application is running
through the command line interface of an operating system. We can
easily read these arguments by the global object in node i.e.
process object.

13. Exp 1:
Step 1: Save a file as index.js and paste the below code inside the file.
var arguments = process.argv ;
console.log(arguments);
arguments:
0 1 2 3 4 5 -----
Arguments[0] = Path1, Arguments[1] = Path2
Step 2: Run index.js file using below command:
node index.js
The process.argv contains an array where the 0th index contains the
node executable path, 1st index contains the path to your current file and
then the rest index contains the passed arguments.
Path1 Path2 “20” “10” “5”

14. Exp 2: Program to add two numbers passed as arguments
Step 1: Save the file as index1.js and paste the below code inside the
file.
var arguments = process.argv
function add(a, b)
{
// To extract number from string
return parseInt(a)+parseInt(b)
}
var sum = add(arguments[2], arguments[3])
console.log("Addition of a and b is equal to ", sum)

15. var arg = process.argv
var i
console.log("Even numbers are:")
for (i=1;i<process.argv.length;i++)
{
if (arg[i]%2 == 0)
{
console.log(arg[i])
}
}

16. Counting Table
var arguments = process.argv
let i;
var mul=arguments[2]
for (let i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
console.log(mul + " * " + i + " = " + mul*i);
}

17. Step 2: Run index1.js file using below command:
node index1.js
So this is how we can handle arguments in Node.js. The args module is
very popular for handling command-line arguments. It provides various
features like adding our own command to work and so on.

18. There is a given object, write node.js program to print the given object's
properties, delete the second property and get length of the object.
var user =
{
First_Name: "John",
Last_Name: "Smith",
Age: "38",
Department: "Software"
};
console.log(user);
console.log(Object.keys(user).length);
delete user.last_name;
console.log(user);
console.log(Object.keys(user).length);

19. How do you iterate over the given array in node.js?
Node.js provides forEach()function that is used to iterate over items in a
given array.
const arr = ['fish', 'crab', 'dolphin', 'whale', 'starfish'];
arr.forEach(element =>
{
console.log(element);
});
Const is the variables declared with the keyword const that stores
constant values. const declarations are block-scoped i.e. we can access
const only within the block where it was declared. const cannot be updated
or re-declared i.e. const will be the same within its block and cannot be re-
declare or update.

20. Getting Input from User
The main aim of a Node.js application is to work as a backend technology
and serve requests and return response. But we can also pass inputs directly
to a Node.js application.
We can use readline-sync, a third-party module to accept user inputs in a
synchronous manner.
• Syntax: npm install readline-sync
This will install the readline-sync module dependency in your local npm
project.

21. Example 1: Create a file with the name "input.js". After creating
the file, use the command "node input.js" to run this code.
const readline = require("readline-sync");
console.log("Enter input : ")
// Taking a number input
let num = Number(readline.question());
let number = [];
for (let i = 0; i < num; i++) {
number.push(Number(readline.question()));
}
console.log(number);

23. Example 2: Create a file with the name "input.js". After creating the file,
use the command "node input.js" to run this code. input1.js
var readline = require('readline-sync');
var name = readline.question("What is your name?");
console.log("Hi " + name + ", nice to meet you.");

25. Node.js since version 7 provides the readline module to perform
exactly this: get input from a readable stream such as the process.stdin
stream, which during the execution of a Node.js program is the
terminal input, one line at a time. input.js
const readline = require('readline').createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
})
readline.question(`What's your name?`, name => {
console.log(`Hi ${name}!`);
readline.close();
})

27. You can install it using npm install inquirer, and then you can
replicate the above code like this: input.js
const inquirer = require('inquirer')
var questions = [{
type: 'input',
name: 'name',
message: "What's your name?"
}]
inquirer.prompt(questions).then(answers => {
console.log(`Hi ${answers['name']}!`)
})

29. const readline = require("readline");
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout
});
rl.question("What is your name ? ", function(name) {
rl.question("Where do you live ? ", function(country) {
console.log(`${name}, is a citizen of ${country}`);
rl.close();
});
});
rl.on("close", function() {
console.log("nBYE BYE");
process.exit(0);
});

30. Question 1: Command to list all modules that are install globally?
• $ npm ls -g
• $ npm ls
• $ node ls -g
• $ node ls

31. Question 2: Which of the following module is required for path specific
operations ?
• Os module
• Path module
• Fs module
• All of the above.

32. Question 3: How do you install Nodemon using Node.js?
• npm install -g nodemon
• node install -g nodemon

33. Question 4: Which of the following is not a benefit of using modules?
• Provides a means of dividing up tasks
• Provides a means of reuse of program code
• Provides a means of reducing the size of the program
• Provides a means of testing individual parts of the program

34. Question 5: Command to show installed version of Node?
• $ npm --version
• $ node --version
• $ npm getVersion
• $ node getVersion

35. Question 6: Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model ?
• True
• False

36. Question 7: Node uses _________ engine in core.
• Chorme V8
• Microsoft Chakra
• SpiderMonkey
• Node En

37. Question 8: In which of the following areas, Node.js is perfect to use?
• I/O bound Applications
• Data Streaming Applications
• Data Intensive Realtime Applications DIRT
• All of the above.