Age of Exploration, beginning in the 15th century, marked a period of unprecedented global exploration and expansion. European powers embarked on voyages of discovery, resulting in the establishment of colonies, the Columbian Exchange, and the transatlantic slave trade. This era also witnessed scientific advancements, such as Copernicus' heliocentric theory and Galileo's telescopic observations. 5. Enlightenment and Revolution: The 18th century brought about the Enlightenment, an intellectual movement challenging traditional authority and advocating for reason, science, and individual rights. The ideas of thinkers like John Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau inspired revolutions, including the American Revolution and the French Revolution, which forever transformed the political landscape. 6. Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution, starting in the late 18th century, brought mechanization and technological advancements that revolutionized production methods. Steam power, factories, and the development of railways led to significant social and economic changes, urbanization, and the rise of capitalism. 7. World Wars and the Cold War: The 20th century was marked by two devastating World Wars, causing immense human suffering and redrawing the global map. The Cold War emerged between the United States and the Soviet Union, leading to political, economic, and ideological tensions that shaped international relations for decades. 8. Globalization and the Digital Age: The latter part of the 20th century witnessed unprecedented globalization, characterized by increased interconnectedness and the rapid exchange of goods, ideas, and information. The rise of the internet and digital technologies has further transformed communication, commerce, and social interactions, creating new challenges and opportunities for societies worldwide . Conclusion: World history is an intricate web of human achievements, conflicts, and cultural exchanges. By understanding the past, we can gain valuable insights into the present and shape a better future. This article provides a glimpse into the vast panorama of world history, highlighting key periods and events that have shaped the course of humanity's journey through time. Conclusion: World history is an intricate web of human achievements, conflicts, and cultural exchanges. By understanding the past, we can gain valuable insights into the present and shape a better future. This article provides a glimpse into the vast panorama of world history, highlighting key periods and events that have shaped the course of humanity's journey through time. Conclusion: World history is an intricate web of human achievements, conflicts, and cultural exchanges. By understanding the past, we can gain valuable insights into the present and shape a better future. This article provides a glimpse into the vast panorama of world history, highlighting key periods and events that have shaped the course of humanity's