1. Introduction to
Counselling
RITU PRADHAN
Connecting Dr.Mahajan’s Clinic

2. What is psychology
according to you?

4. Who charges you by the hour to
listen to you complain

5. Psychoanalysis- Study of
unconscious mind to find theories
on treatment for mental disorder

6. What according to you is
counselling?

7. Is it just talking and
listening?

8. It is about paying
attention….

9. And being Sherlock
Holmes…

10. In any session…..
• Notice-
• Visual Cues – kempt, unkempt, ruffled clothes, pockets,
shirt sleeves
• Non-Verbal Cues – body language, eye contact, expressions,
hessitations
• Listen
• What’s being said
• What’s not being said, hesitations, silences, tones

11. What does being “Non
Judgmental” mean?!!

12. Only God can Judge
• No preformed notion of ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’
• Evaluate the situation but never judge
• Evaluate behavior objectively not subjectively
• Objective = Impartial – the whole picture
• Subjective = one’s own feeling
• Empathy not Sympathy
• Acceptance
• Open Mindedness

13. Why Counsel?

14. Few Types of Counselling
• Individual Counselling
• Group Counselling
• Career Counselling
• Relationship/ Couple Counselling
• Workplace Counselling
• Many many more…………….

15. How does it work in Addiction?

16. Does Personality determine the Addiction?

17. First Sign of Addiction is
Denial

18. Everyone wants to quit
from Tommorrow

19. Addiction is a Family Disease
that affects even the neighbors

20. Addiction is powerful,
progressive….

21. ……..cunning and baffling
DISEASE

22. Like every Disease…..You
fix problems by prioprity

23. Addiction Counselling involves
Relationship Counselling
Workplace Counselling/ Career Counselling
Family Therapy
Anger Management
………..almost Everything because Addiction affects
everything

24. "We know what we are but not what
we may be." Ophelia in Hamlet

25. BASIC QUESTION – What is
Counselling?

26. “Feelings are like waves, you can’t stop them
from coming but you can choose which ones to
surf”
• Therapeutic communication between a client and the therapist
wherein the therapist help them resolve emotional,
psychological and relationship issues.
• Therapist will listen, encourage, empathize and challenge to
help them see their issues more clearly and in a different way.
• Not a friendly chat, Not about giving advice or opinions.
• Helps the clients to understand themselves better, to find their
own solutions to cope with their situations

27. When is Counselling
Necessary?

28. “Are you Okay?” Helps
more lives than CPR
• Capacities for responding to demands of life is strained.
• Desired growth seems unattainable.
• Natural support systems are unavailable or in sufficient.
• Urged by third party – parent, spouse, teacher, etc – who
believes the individual is failing to manage important aspect of
life effectively.
• Trauma, mental illness, conflict-ridden relationship.

29. Not JUST talking, Not JUST
listening

30. Individual Counselling =
One-on-One Sessions
• Individual – the whole session is devoted
to the single person’s concerns and goals.
• Helpful in coexisting issues (addiction
and mental disorders that requires
treatment).
• Sound History taking is a must.

31. Always Consent to taking Notes. - “Do you mind if I write this down so I can review it later”

32. Group Counselling
Support Group – group members help
each other
• Group of people with mutual problems.
• structured, cover a particular topic of lesson or
activity followed by discussion.
• emphasis on the relationship between group
members with some goals for learning.
• Benefits - Provides support, motivation, promotes
self awareness & social skills.

33. Group Counselling
• Can do it for any disease by forming a group in
your clinic
• Always use like minded people
• Be supportive to their sharings
• Always remind them not to discuss other person’s
sharing’s outside the room
• Can assign topics or games
Process Group Therapy – When two or more group therapist talk to a group of
5-10 individuals by discussing issues
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) – where individuals are asked to address
issues or topics which they avoid; encouragement is
provided by group members
Universality - An individual gains understanding that the problems is universal in
the group and gain insight by group effort

34. Family Therapy
• Used to treat a family system or parties in relationship.
• Enables family members to express, explore difficult thoughts &
emotions, understand troublesome differences safely.
• To understand & appreciate each others views and needs.
• Set Rules
• Draw Boundaries on what is acceptable behaviour
• Set plan on how to deal with unacceptable behaviour
• To build strength, make useful changes in their relationships and
lives.

35. INTERVENTION
• Family, friends and relatives are brought together where they talk
about the damage the person’s addictive behavior is causing in their
lives to convince their loved one to undergo treatment.

36. How to do an Intervention
• Make a plan. A family member or friend
proposes an intervention and forms a
planning group.
• Try to use an Specialist/Interventionist to
train all members
• Gather information on current job,
financial, relationship situations
• Form the intervention team.
• Decide on specific treatment options
• Make notes on what to say.
• Hold the intervention meeting
• Follow up.

37. Types of Psychotherapy
widely used….

38. Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy (CBT)

39. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

40. CBT
• Based on the view that what people think about their
situation / experience determines how they feel about the
experience and their response towards the situation.
• Undesirable behavior can be changed by restructuring
thought patterns.
• Focuses in current problem than past issues.
• Aims to change the way the client thinks to bring change in
behavior and help them to deal with problems in a positive
way.

42. Rationale Emotive Behavioral
Therapy (REBT)

43. • Based on similar view as CBT – negative emotions and self
defeating behavior are the result of irrational thoughts & beliefs.
• ABC Theory – A =activating event, B = thought about he event, C
= emotional & behavioral reaction.
• Helps to identify these irrational thoughts and replace them with
rational ones to promote change in behavior and well being.
• Focus is on “rational & irrational thoughts” and specific life
events.

45. Arts Becomes Therapy (ABT)

47. Empty Chair Technique

49. A form of Gestalt Therapy

50. Person Centered Therapy

51. Person Centered Therapy
• Simplistic
• “What do you think?” Approach
• Self Directed Growth
• Nobel Peace Prize Nominated
• Unconditional acceptance of
Of the client by the therapist

52. MINDFULNESS BASED
COGNITIVE THERAPY

55. Tools for Effective
Diagnosis

56. Psychometric Tests

58. Behavioral Questionaires

59. - Questionnaires are simple
- have strong validity – Person has less chances of cheating
- can have grading scale to measure severity

60. Pre Test and Post
Test show if the
therapy is working
or needs change

61. Ethics of Counseling
 Principles to be followed by counselors to maintain the standard ,
reputation of profession and to avoid actions that could be harmful to
others.
• Empathetic and non judgmental attitude.
• Maintain confidentiality.
• Follow non advisory approach and autonomy.
• Engage in self care , seek support & supervision to maintain the standard of
work.
• Competence – maintain & update professional skills.
• Ability to examine ones thoughts, values & understand one’s limitations.
• Unconditional positive regard and respect for others.
• Maintain neutral professional relationship with the client.

62. Keep Learning…. Every Client is a
new challenge

63. Thank You
Ritu Pradhan
9869066616
pradhanritus@yahoo.com