SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  18
A Presentation by: Nasir Arain
• Henri Nestle was the founder of Nestle, born Heinrich Nestle on 10
August 1814 was a German who immigrated to Switzerland.
• established in 1866 by brothers George Page and Charles Page, and
Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé
• The company grew significantly during the First World War and again
following the Second World War, expanding its offerings beyond its
early condensed milk and infant formula products.
• The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions, including
Crosse & Blackwell in 1950, Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Row tree
Mackintosh in 1988, and Gerber in 2007
• It has a secondary listing on Euronext. In 2011, Nestlé was listed No. 1
in the Fortune Global 500 as the world’s most profitable corporation.
In the 1860’s Henri nestle developed
the first condensed milk and cereal
based infant food ‘‘ FARINE LACTEE
HENRINESTLE’’
(a dry mixture of cow’s milk, sugar, wheat flour)
Logo of Nestle
The Nestlé logo was launched by Henri
Nestlé in 1868 on the basis of the meaning
of his name in German, i.e. little nest, and
of his family emblem.
o Nestle is a Swiss transnational food and drink company
headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland.
o It is the largest food company in the world measured by
revenues, and ranked #72 on the Fortune Global 500 in
2014.
o 5th largest company of the world according to its turn over.
o Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 194 countries, and
employs around 339,000 people.
o It is one of the main shareholders of L’Oreal, the world’s
largest cosmetics company.
o Offering more than 8500 brands and 10,000 products.
Nestle Worldwide
• Nestlé has over 8,000 brands with a wide range of
products across a number of market.
Sales per category in CHF
• 20.3 billion powdered and liquid beverages
• 16.7 billion milk products and ice cream
• 13.5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids
• 13.1 billion nutrition and health science
• 11.3 billion pectcare
• 9.6 billion confectionery
• 6.9 billion water bottle
Products
Nestle in Pakistan
1. Nestlé has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988
2. The Switzerland-based Nestlé SA, first acquired a 40% share in Milkpak Ltd.
3. 1990 the Sheikhupura factory starts the production of nestle NIDO milk powder
and cereals.
4. Headquartered in Lahore, the Company operates four production facilities. Two
of its factories in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are multi product factories. One
factory in Islamabad and one in Karachi produce bottled water
5. Nestle have supply chain in all the cities of Pakistan.
6. Nestlé Pakistan now operates the biggest milk collection system in Pakistan,
Currently; Nestlé Pakistan collects milk from an estimated 190,000 farmers
spread over 146,000 sq Km’s in the province of Punjab and Sindh.
Competitors
• PepsiCo
• Kraft Foods
• Unilever
• Mars, Incorporated
• Sara Lee
• Cadbury
• Danone
SWAT Analysis
• Every company has their Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that’s
what SWAT Analysis shows so let’s check out
the SWAT analysis of Nestle
Strengths
• Strength of Nestlé is the presence of its factories or
operations in almost every country in the world employing
around 283000 people. The sales values have touched CHF
109.9 billion, with a net profit of CHF 18.0 billion. Nestle has
recorded a financial growth even in times of recession by
promoting the sales of smaller and cheaper versions of
products in developing economies.
Weaknesses
• Nestlé do not have direct market outlets and this can be one
of the weaknesses as it can cause difference in profit made.
There another weakness is not having enough raw material
production units; they depend on either local raw material
producers or through other trade channels.
Opportunities
• Nestlé’s weakness of not having a direct outlet can be converted as an
opportunity by introduction of new direct outlets. The acquisition of
Cadburys for an example is an opportunity since they are one of the main
competitors for Nestlé. Setting up their personal farms and raw material
production units is an opportunity as it would reduce the cost for Nestlé.
By acquisitions Nestlé can enter the new market, which is easy through
already existing companies. Nestlé has great opportunities in a society
which is becoming more and more health conscious
Threats
• Their weakness of not having enough raw material production units
(which cause them to depend on other producers) and their dependency
on other producers can threaten to reduce the quality of products they
offer. The contamination of food products is a major threat to Nestlé in the
market. Intense competition in its market segments also possesses a
major challenge to Nestlé as its competitors are also trying to increasing
their product ranges which might make inroads into Nestlé's profit.
60%
30%
10%
Pakistan Market Domination
Nestle
Unilever
Other
Nestle Dominating the market
targeting and covering 60% of
Market Shares
• Praise and thanks to “ALLAH” Almighty, the one testing us all at all
times and making decisions about what we don’t know and can’t know.
• The presentation being presented today is a result of efforts of our
class teacher. There are innumerous helping hands of him guided us on
our way. Making this presentation appeared to be a great experience
to me. It added a lot to my knowledge.
• Though words are inadequate in offering thanks to our teacher but we
owe our profound gratitude to Sir Danish Memon for stimulating our
creative abilities by assigning this project to us and for her able
guidance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the
project in time. Whatever we have learnt from him is no doubt added
colossal amount to our account of knowledge.
The End

Contenu connexe

Tendances

nestle in pakistan
nestle in pakistannestle in pakistan
nestle in pakistan
Neelam Asad
 

Tendances (20)

Nestle india presentation ppt
Nestle india presentation pptNestle india presentation ppt
Nestle india presentation ppt
 
Nestle presentation
Nestle presentationNestle presentation
Nestle presentation
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
NESTLE || Presentation
NESTLE || PresentationNESTLE || Presentation
NESTLE || Presentation
 
Nestle presentation
Nestle presentationNestle presentation
Nestle presentation
 
Presentation on NESTLE
Presentation on NESTLEPresentation on NESTLE
Presentation on NESTLE
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Overview of Nestle products
Overview of Nestle productsOverview of Nestle products
Overview of Nestle products
 
Nestle- Company profile
Nestle- Company profile Nestle- Company profile
Nestle- Company profile
 
nestle in pakistan
nestle in pakistannestle in pakistan
nestle in pakistan
 
Nestle pakistan
Nestle pakistanNestle pakistan
Nestle pakistan
 
Nestle final project
Nestle final projectNestle final project
Nestle final project
 
Nestle ppt
Nestle pptNestle ppt
Nestle ppt
 
nestle PROJECT1
nestle PROJECT1nestle PROJECT1
nestle PROJECT1
 
Nestle project
Nestle projectNestle project
Nestle project
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
A project report on nestle
A project report on nestleA project report on nestle
A project report on nestle
 
Nestlé
NestléNestlé
Nestlé
 
Nestle presentation
Nestle presentationNestle presentation
Nestle presentation
 
Nestle co.. mehar usman latif
Nestle co.. mehar usman latifNestle co.. mehar usman latif
Nestle co.. mehar usman latif
 

En vedette (11)

Amul Report
Amul ReportAmul Report
Amul Report
 
Caroline Eduarda e Marina - Nestlé
Caroline Eduarda e Marina - NestléCaroline Eduarda e Marina - Nestlé
Caroline Eduarda e Marina - Nestlé
 
NESTLE
NESTLENESTLE
NESTLE
 
5 greenpeace vs nestle petya
5 greenpeace vs nestle petya5 greenpeace vs nestle petya
5 greenpeace vs nestle petya
 
Brand audit of Nestle
Brand audit of NestleBrand audit of Nestle
Brand audit of Nestle
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Nestle assignment
Nestle assignmentNestle assignment
Nestle assignment
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Nestle - Brand Management
Nestle - Brand ManagementNestle - Brand Management
Nestle - Brand Management
 
Porter's Five Forces Model and Porter's Value Chain of Nestle
Porter's Five Forces Model and Porter's Value Chain of NestlePorter's Five Forces Model and Porter's Value Chain of Nestle
Porter's Five Forces Model and Porter's Value Chain of Nestle
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 

Similaire à Nestle Commpany Overview

Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02
Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02
Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02
Vineeth Vs
 

Similaire à Nestle Commpany Overview (20)

Nestle internship report
Nestle internship reportNestle internship report
Nestle internship report
 
Brand,nestle
Brand,nestleBrand,nestle
Brand,nestle
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
16030141043
1603014104316030141043
16030141043
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Shub SIP
Shub SIPShub SIP
Shub SIP
 
 
Nestle; how to keep magic going
Nestle; how to keep magic goingNestle; how to keep magic going
Nestle; how to keep magic going
 
Final project on nestle
Final project on nestleFinal project on nestle
Final project on nestle
 
Nestle project
Nestle project Nestle project
Nestle project
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Nestly ratio analysis
Nestly ratio analysisNestly ratio analysis
Nestly ratio analysis
 
Ppm it assignment
Ppm it assignmentPpm it assignment
Ppm it assignment
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Nestle Sm
Nestle SmNestle Sm
Nestle Sm
 
Nestle
NestleNestle
Nestle
 
Nestle Multinational Company
Nestle Multinational CompanyNestle Multinational Company
Nestle Multinational Company
 
Marketing audit - nestle
Marketing audit - nestleMarketing audit - nestle
Marketing audit - nestle
 
Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02
Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02
Nestle 090811101950-phpapp02
 

Dernier

Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000
Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000
Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000
dlhescort
 
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabiunwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
Abortion pills in Kuwait Cytotec pills in Kuwait
 
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Sheetaleventcompany
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
lizamodels9
 
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service BangaloreCall Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
amitlee9823
 
Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...
Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...
Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...
lizamodels9
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
dlhescort
 

Dernier (20)

SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
 
Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000
Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000
Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla 959961~3876 Shot 2000 Night 8000
 
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabiunwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
 
Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876
Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876
Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876
 
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
Chandigarh Escorts Service 📞8868886958📞 Just📲 Call Nihal Chandigarh Call Girl...
 
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st CenturyFamous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
 
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 MayIt will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
 
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
 
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service BangaloreCall Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
 
Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...
Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...
Russian Call Girls In Rajiv Chowk Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service ...
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business GrowthFalcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
 
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation FinalPHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
 
Call Girls Zirakpur👧 Book Now📱7837612180 📞👉Call Girl Service In Zirakpur No A...
Call Girls Zirakpur👧 Book Now📱7837612180 📞👉Call Girl Service In Zirakpur No A...Call Girls Zirakpur👧 Book Now📱7837612180 📞👉Call Girl Service In Zirakpur No A...
Call Girls Zirakpur👧 Book Now📱7837612180 📞👉Call Girl Service In Zirakpur No A...
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investorsFalcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
 
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration PresentationUneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
 
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to ProsperityFalcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
 
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
 

Nestle Commpany Overview

  • 1. A Presentation by: Nasir Arain
  • 2. • Henri Nestle was the founder of Nestle, born Heinrich Nestle on 10 August 1814 was a German who immigrated to Switzerland. • established in 1866 by brothers George Page and Charles Page, and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé • The company grew significantly during the First World War and again following the Second World War, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. • The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions, including Crosse & Blackwell in 1950, Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Row tree Mackintosh in 1988, and Gerber in 2007 • It has a secondary listing on Euronext. In 2011, Nestlé was listed No. 1 in the Fortune Global 500 as the world’s most profitable corporation.
  • 3.
  • 4. In the 1860’s Henri nestle developed the first condensed milk and cereal based infant food ‘‘ FARINE LACTEE HENRINESTLE’’ (a dry mixture of cow’s milk, sugar, wheat flour)
  • 5. Logo of Nestle The Nestlé logo was launched by Henri Nestlé in 1868 on the basis of the meaning of his name in German, i.e. little nest, and of his family emblem.
  • 6. o Nestle is a Swiss transnational food and drink company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. o It is the largest food company in the world measured by revenues, and ranked #72 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2014. o 5th largest company of the world according to its turn over. o Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 194 countries, and employs around 339,000 people. o It is one of the main shareholders of L’Oreal, the world’s largest cosmetics company. o Offering more than 8500 brands and 10,000 products. Nestle Worldwide
  • 7. • Nestlé has over 8,000 brands with a wide range of products across a number of market. Sales per category in CHF • 20.3 billion powdered and liquid beverages • 16.7 billion milk products and ice cream • 13.5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids • 13.1 billion nutrition and health science • 11.3 billion pectcare • 9.6 billion confectionery • 6.9 billion water bottle Products
  • 8.
  • 9. Nestle in Pakistan 1. Nestlé has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988 2. The Switzerland-based Nestlé SA, first acquired a 40% share in Milkpak Ltd. 3. 1990 the Sheikhupura factory starts the production of nestle NIDO milk powder and cereals. 4. Headquartered in Lahore, the Company operates four production facilities. Two of its factories in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are multi product factories. One factory in Islamabad and one in Karachi produce bottled water 5. Nestle have supply chain in all the cities of Pakistan. 6. Nestlé Pakistan now operates the biggest milk collection system in Pakistan, Currently; Nestlé Pakistan collects milk from an estimated 190,000 farmers spread over 146,000 sq Km’s in the province of Punjab and Sindh.
  • 10. Competitors • PepsiCo • Kraft Foods • Unilever • Mars, Incorporated • Sara Lee • Cadbury • Danone
  • 11. SWAT Analysis • Every company has their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that’s what SWAT Analysis shows so let’s check out the SWAT analysis of Nestle
  • 12. Strengths • Strength of Nestlé is the presence of its factories or operations in almost every country in the world employing around 283000 people. The sales values have touched CHF 109.9 billion, with a net profit of CHF 18.0 billion. Nestle has recorded a financial growth even in times of recession by promoting the sales of smaller and cheaper versions of products in developing economies.
  • 13. Weaknesses • Nestlé do not have direct market outlets and this can be one of the weaknesses as it can cause difference in profit made. There another weakness is not having enough raw material production units; they depend on either local raw material producers or through other trade channels.
  • 14. Opportunities • Nestlé’s weakness of not having a direct outlet can be converted as an opportunity by introduction of new direct outlets. The acquisition of Cadburys for an example is an opportunity since they are one of the main competitors for Nestlé. Setting up their personal farms and raw material production units is an opportunity as it would reduce the cost for Nestlé. By acquisitions Nestlé can enter the new market, which is easy through already existing companies. Nestlé has great opportunities in a society which is becoming more and more health conscious
  • 15. Threats • Their weakness of not having enough raw material production units (which cause them to depend on other producers) and their dependency on other producers can threaten to reduce the quality of products they offer. The contamination of food products is a major threat to Nestlé in the market. Intense competition in its market segments also possesses a major challenge to Nestlé as its competitors are also trying to increasing their product ranges which might make inroads into Nestlé's profit.
  • 16. 60% 30% 10% Pakistan Market Domination Nestle Unilever Other Nestle Dominating the market targeting and covering 60% of Market Shares
  • 17. • Praise and thanks to “ALLAH” Almighty, the one testing us all at all times and making decisions about what we don’t know and can’t know. • The presentation being presented today is a result of efforts of our class teacher. There are innumerous helping hands of him guided us on our way. Making this presentation appeared to be a great experience to me. It added a lot to my knowledge. • Though words are inadequate in offering thanks to our teacher but we owe our profound gratitude to Sir Danish Memon for stimulating our creative abilities by assigning this project to us and for her able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the project in time. Whatever we have learnt from him is no doubt added colossal amount to our account of knowledge.