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Optic Nerve
1. SET BY: NOFEL SALEEM ASSWIEL
MEDICAL STUDENT ,ADEN UNIVERSITY
THIRD YEAR 2013/2014
E-mail: Nofel166@gmail.com
@nasswiel
facebook/nasswiel
Symptoms & Signs in Clinical Medicine
2.
3.
4. Impressions of light >> optic nerve >>
optic chiasma >> optic tracts >> lateral
geniculate bodies >> optic radiation >>
occipital cortex
optic tracts >> pretectal area (pupillary
Reflex)
Medial parts of optic tracts
(communication) between optical
system & ocluomotor nuclei.
5.
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17.
18. Visual Acuity
Near vision
- Reading from a book
Far vision
- Snellen chart.
- Ishihara charts
26. Foster kennedy syndrome
Seen in patients with frontal lobe /
olfactory lobe tumors, meningiomas of
olfactory groove / sphenoidal wing.
characterized by
optic atrophy on the side of the tumor
(direct pressure on the nerve)
papilledema on the opposite side
(raised ICT).
29. Optic Neuritis
Definition
- Inflammation or demyelination
- At any point of the optic nerve.
Near the disc >> optic neuritis
behind the eyeball(lamina cribrosa) >>
retrobulbar neuritis.
Causes
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Meningitis
- Avitaminosis .
30. Optic Neuritis
Central scotoma
Oedematous disc>> less swelling
Red coloration of the disc
Inflammatory exudates > cloudy disc
36. GRADE I HTR
Narrowing of the vessel
Age- related
37. GRADE II HTR
Marked variation of
the caliber of the
vessel.
Veins is kinked, the
peripheral caliber is
engorged
Age- related
38. GRADE III HTR
Addition of Flame
shaped or round
retinal hemorrhages
& cotton wool spots,
hard exudates.
39. GRADE IV HTR
All changes of
grade 3
Addition of
papilloedema
Increase
hemorrhages and
exudates
40. Diabetic Retinopathy
Definition
Progressive dysfunction of the retinal blood
vessels caused by chronic hyperglycemia.
DR can be a complication of diabetes type
1 or diabetes type 2.
Initially, DR is asymptomatic, if not treated
though it can cause low vision and
blindness.
41. Diabetic Retinopathy
symptoms
Diabetic retinopathy is asymptomatic in early
stages of the disease
As the disease progresses symptoms may include
Blurred vision
Floaters
Fluctuating vision
Distorted vision
Dark areas in the vision
Poor night vision
Impaired color vision
Partial or total loss of vision
43. Diabetic Retinopathy
Next :
larger blot & dot
hemorrhages
appear
Then:
waxy-looking
exudates with
harder edges.
Microaneurysms
Hard exudates
44. Diabetic Retinopathy
Larger hemorrhages
appear with
irregular veins.
New-formed
vascular plexuses
.veins loops and
coils(may
protruded into the
vitreous)
Hard exudatesNeovascularization
Blot hemorrhage