Chito Medina, Director, MASIPAG

2. • 1.5 B small scale farmers + 1.5 B urban
gardeners, pastoralists and livestock keepers,
hunter-gatherers, fishers, forest keepers,
indigenous people
• 85% of farmers have 2 ha or less
• Produce at least 70% of world’s food
 Under corporate food system, net flow of
food is from areas of poverty to areas of
wealth and abundance
ETC (2009)

3. ETC (2009)

4. • Small farms are 2 to 4 times more energy
efficient than large conventional farms. (Chapell
and Lavalle, 2009)
• Organic yield 2.7 times more per ha than
conventional farms in developing countries;
similar yields in developed countries; 1.3
times more globally (Badgley et al., 2007)
• Small farms permit the development of
functional diversity with diversified
production and the integration of crops, trees
and livestock.

5. Philippine Agricultural Ecosystem
1,663 plant species in agricultural systems
• 477 angiosperm species with food value
• 355 species with feed value
• 632 species with medicinal / herbal value
• 201 plant species with ornamental value
• 35 species are fiber crops

6.  Genetic erosion
 Reduced Biodiversity (rice; associated biodiv.)
 Soil nutrient imbalance and depletion
 Pest and disease outbreaks
 Pesticide poisonings
 Poverty,malnutrition and hunger
 Eroded farmers’ knowledge

7. • Estimated 130,000 rice varieties in Asia
in 1960; today IRRI bred varieties
Geneticthem
largely replaced
erosion
• 80 to 82% of ricelands in Thailand,
Indonesia, Burma and the Philippines
planted to HYVs
• Farmers can’t go back to traditional
varieties because they are no longer
cultivated

8. MASIPAG: (Farmer-Scientist
Partnership for Development) was
organized in 1986 as response by
farmers to the Green revolution
Goal: Empower resource-poor farmers
through access and control of
production resources (seeds,
technology, land)

9.  As organization and network:
 635 Peoples Organizations; 35,000+ farmers
 60 Non-Government Organizations
 15 Scientist-partners
 67 farmer rice breeders; 21 corn breeders
 200+ volunteer farmer-trainers
 On-farm research resources
 226 PO-managed trial farms +10 back-up
 9 PO-managed native chicken gene pools

10. Rice diversity used for food security and resiliency:
1,105 Traditional Rice Varieties
Seeds
1,085 Masipag Rice
506 Farmer-bred Rice
75 Native Corn Varieties+12 M composites

11. Farmers improve rice by breeding
 67 farmer rice breeders
 506 rice varieties developed

12. Farmers’ Trial Farm for local adaptability
 Farmers’ laboratory
 Develop site-specific varieties
 Develop site-specific
technology
 Seed bank
 Creative organizing
 Advocacy
Farmers maintain and develop
varieties in their trial farms

13. Locally Adapted MASIPAG Rice and TRVs
Pangasinan – Lamyung, Bulik, Mogen, Kalinga – Onay
Cagayan – Elon-elon, Ag 5, M8-3-1,
Cinamon, , Pandan, Sampaguita,
M35-1-1, M45-1, M69-4-1
Parirutong, India, Resco, Imp. Milagrosa,
C22, M45, M3-4-1-2, M69-2-1, M120-4,
M10-2-2-5, M44-3, M4-B1, M5-B1, M40-2-2, Nueva Vizcaya – Pinili, Hinomay, Valentino, Ag 19, M11-20, M3-
M44-1, M140-2, M8-3-1 6, M109, M5-6, M45, M90, M11-20SG, M5-1, M30-1, M135-
1, M19, 102
Zambales - Aurora – Elon-elon, Camoros, Sampaguita, Wag-wag Aga,
, Fortuna, Pandan, Japane Palawan, Raminad, Londan-honay, Galo, Ag 5, Ag 17, Kadali,
se 3, C21, M45, M11R Ag 27, White Borong, Fortuna, M21, M6-11-1, M3, M4, M35
Nueva Ecija - Wag-wag Aga, Senador, AG5, AG10, Abra
white, C22, M115-R, M146-1, M4-3-1, M45-1, M21-2-B2, M104-
2R, M108-1R, M35-4-1, M69-2-2, M5-BD-2, M130-3, M48-1-
Oriental Mindoro – Elon-elon, Ka Luis,
1, M11-5-1, M86-3-1, M21, M11, M69, M5B2, M30, M45, M36-4-
AG5, GV3, M13, XO, M97, M11, M45-1
2, M4-3-1
Laguna – Wag-wag Aga, Sampaguita, BS Nagkarlan,
Africa, M5-AS, M8-2-1, M62-1-2, M45, M5-B-2, M13-1-1,
Aklan – Imp. Camoros, M45-1, M15-12-1, M13-1-1B, M36-4-1, M30-10-1B, M4-3-1, M3-2-1, M10-2-1
M11-5-1, M31-37-B4, M21-b1-1, M76-4-1,
M2-1-1, M5-CS, M125-2, M140-1, M13-2-
1B, M5-A1, M11-5-1, M36-2-1 Quezon – AG17, AG5, M41, M35, M12-21
Capiz – Libtong
Antique – AG5, AG10, 16-70D, San Mal, Milagrosa, Kadidit, Ag Camarines Sur – AG24, Elon-elon, M5-
Pablo, Minantika, Red Rice, M5-BD, M5- 23, M16-3, M115- A, M48, M70, M102, M103, M106, M107
CS, M21-B3, M21-B1-1, M21-37-B4, M36- 1R, M114-4 , M110, M112, M128, M131, M143
1, M36-3, M36-4-1, M62-1-1, M104-
2, M139-2
Agusan del Norte- Palay
Negros Occidental – Wag- Damo, AG5, AG10, Sta. Maria, San
wag, AG10, AG5, Binangan, Dinorado, Fortuna, Imp. pablo, Carandang, Bengawan, Jap 1, Tapol
Borong, Imp. Milagrosa, Inuwak, Macan, Red Iloilo - Kagingi, Imp. Camoros, 1, India, M5-AS, M117, M11-20-1, M11-20-
Borong, Sampaguita, White Borong, Zambales, 2R- Malido, Lubang, Inuwak, red Borong, B2, M4-4B, M5C, MC14-2R, M87-W, M6-
IN, 90D-42, 90D-43, 90D-44 Bugana Rice, GL1-8-1, GL4-5- M15-12-1R, M10-2-1 14-1-1
5, GL4-9, M10-2-1, M104-1R, M11-20-1, M117-1R, M127-
3, M13-2, M133-1, M139-1, M15-12-1, M20-1, M21-37-
B4, M22-2-1, M36-1, M36-4-1, M4-4B, M5-BD, M50-1- Surigao del Sur – San Pablo, M2-1-
1, M50-2, M5-AS, M62-1-1, M62-1-2, M6-6, M69-3-1, M8-2- 1, M5-BD, M13-2-1B, M3-4-1, M93-1
1, M8-3-1, M90-2, M90-LG, MV4-4, Mv4-8 Bohol - Melobina, Maragay, Ag
5, Magsanaya, M148-1, SKK
Zamboanga del Sur – White Bengawan, Red Elon- Davao del Norte – AG5, Layong
elon, Red Wag-wag, AG5, AG17, C35, M101-1-1, M112- Mabilog, Cicadiz, Sampaguita, Milagrosa, Hinuma
4, M115-6, M76-3-1, M8-1-1-2, M86-4-1, M97-2-1, M35-1- y, Malagkit, Tinangi, Bogret, Camoros, San
4-1, M97-ES, M5-AS, M15-12 Pablo, Red Wag-wag, Wag-wag Aga, M35, 4-11-
90, M21-4-1, M58, M50, M59, M75-1, M4-4-B2
Lanao del Norte – Ala, Wag-wag
Aga, Sulig, Hinumay, AG5, M15-12- Davao del Sur – AG5, M117-3, M15-12-
1, M19, M68, M91, M86-4-1, M109, M117-1- 1, M117, M95-5, M5-AS
1R, M108-1R, M36-2, M86-4-1, M8-3-1
North Cotabato – C21, Moguama
South Cotabato – Africa, Nagdami, Vahari, Vadani, BS Nagkarlan, Maligaya
San Pablo, AG5, M2, Rice, Pinitumpo, AG5, Puro-puro, San pablo, Tinagi, M35-1-2-
M3-1-1, M5-CS 1, M67-2-1, M5-BD, M26-4-1, M115-1A, M108-1R, M5-C3, M5-
Bukidnon – Lubang, C18, Senador, Wag-wag Aga, Bengawan Puti, red Elon-elon, Red Borong, AG24,
Bogret, Makagina, Mamintana, Pungko, Sologanon, SP Red, Sta. Maria, Sto. Niño, Sulig, AG5, Maligaya CS, M4-4B, M36-4-1, M14-1-1, M11-6-1, M123-2, M129-1, M10-
Rice, AG10, Puro-puro, Red Binato, M5-BD, C11-4, Dong Red, M76-1, M94, M15-12-1, M3-4-1, M35-3-1, 2-2-5, M11-20-1, M11-6-1, M30-10-1B, M36-4, M-AS, M5-
M51-1-1, M51-2, M5-C, M70-1W, M75-1, M86-1, M90-LG, M93-1 B2, M94-4-1,, M11-6-1, M126-1-2, M13-21B, M131-1, M146-
1, 21-2-B2, M15-12-1

14. Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) and
Masipag rice with special characteristics.
Characteristic / Traditional Masipag
Adaptation rice varieties rice
High tillering capacity - 42
Good ratooning ability - 24
Low fertility soils 12 36
Drought tolerance 8 9
Saltwater tolerance 7 12
Flooding tolerance 1 7
Pest/disease resistance 6 17
Red / Black/Violet 152 79

15. Rice varieties tolerant to climate change
Drought tolerant –
Elon-elon, San
Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Vicente, Palawan, M160-
1
Salt Water tolerant–
Loreto, Binulungan, M115-
Calabanga, Cam Sur
1R, M45-1
Bato, Cam Sur
Flood tolerant –
M116-2, M115-1R, M160-
1, M45-1, PBB 401
Drought tolerantt –
Drought tolerant – Batbatngon, Leyte
Senador, Hubanib
M6-14-1R Patnongon, Antique
Alimodian, Iloilo Libagon, Southern Leyte Drought tolerant –
Drought tolerant – M148-2, M394-1, M51-
Red Borong, Zambales 2, M177-3, M74-1
MLD 4-1
Flood tolerant –
Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur
JDC 3 , JDC8, Dalagang
Bukid
Malng, North Cotabato Drought tolerant –
M4-3-1, Hinumay
Legends: Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani Salt water tolerant –
Farmer-bred lines Jasmine, Kanoni, Elon-
Traditional rice varieties elon, Makaginga, Binulawan
MASIPAG Selections

16. Using locally available resources for Soil
Fertility Management
Fermented Plant Juice,
Fish Amino Acid,
Indigenous microorganisms
Soil Fertility Management
Compost,
Vermicompost
Green manure

17. Alternative Pest Management
Ecosystem balance to avoid Pests
and Diseases
Farm Management Practices
• Soil nutrient management
• Method and time of planting
• Water management
Crop and Varietal
• Crop rotation
Diversification
Avoid pesticide use
Insect
Soil fertility Pest, Pathogens,
Weed
Method of planting
Technology Development
by Farmers

18. Diversified farm: better nutrition, better
income; also coping mechanism to
climate change
Eunie Geraldo’s
Farm
Malitbog, Bukidnon
Philippines

19. Multifunctionality:
Diversified and
integrated farming
systems
Farm Diversification
Ducks: Natural pest control
Livestock: Bank in the backyard!

20. Better food security and resiliency
through biodiversity
MASIPAG farmers use 42-51 different
crops >>>14-16 crops more than the
conventional farmers
• Tuber crops are food insurance
(sweet potato, cassava, taro, yam)
• Resilient crops (banana)
• Sturdy crops (coconut)
> non-traditional food crops
• Livestock

21. Farmer-Developed and
Adapted Technologies
Pangi leaves used as botanical
pest control by Doming of
Zamboanga del Sur
Carabao driven rotary used in
rice farming by Abraham of
Sultan Kudarat

22. Local marketing of
Organic Certification and Marketing
organic products
Farmers’ Guarantee System:
• Organic standards
• Internal quality control
• Product and market development
• Processing facilities
• Management capacity bldg.

23. Improved Productivity:
Mean yield of rice (kg/ha) (n=840)
Masipag Masipag Chemical
Organic In Conversion Farming
Luzon 3,743ns 3,436ns 3,851ns
Visayas 2,683ns 2,470ns 2,626ns
Mindanao 3,767ns 3,864ns 4,131ns
(Maximum) (8,710) (10,400) (8,070)

24. Improved Income:
Net agricultural income per hectare (Pesos)
(n=840)
Masipag Masipag In Chemical
Organic Conversion Farming
Luzon 24,412** 18,991** 13,403**
Visayas 22,868** 16,039** 13,728**
Mindanao 23,715ns 17,362ns 19,588ns
Average 23,599*** 17,457*** 15,643***
** = highly significant differences ( 5%)
*** = very highly significant differences (1%)
ns = no significant difference

25. Improved Income:
Annual Balance of Income and Expenditure per
Household (in Pesos) (n=840)
Masipag Masipag In Chemical
Organic Conversion Farming
Luzon 11,331 9,702 -1,266
Visayas -1,090 287 -4,974
Mindanao 5,481 -232 -7,399

26.  Species and varietal diversity are
important resources to increase farm
productivity, food security and resiliency
 Farmers have a role to play in maintaining
crop diversity in a useful and
sustainable way