Hur gör vi då? - ekonomin, klimatet och framtiden är titeln på Naturskyddsföreningens stora årliga konferens den 23/11 2012. Den här presentationen var en del av en heldag med förhoppningen att komma ett steg närmare lösningen på frågan om hur vi tar oss ur både klimatkris och ekonomisk kris. Se livesändningen på http://naturskyddsforeningen.se/live

1. WILL TECHNOLOGY
SAVE US AND IF NOT
WHAT ELSE CAN WE
DO?
Oksana Mont
Prof. in sustainable
consumption and production
IIIEE at Lund University

2. Why technology is not sufficient?
• Factor level improvements
– Production & product improvement
• Outsourcing production => increasing impacts embedded in
imported products
• Improved per unit efficiency overcompensated by
increasing consumption
– CO2 emissions from consumption of imported products is ↑
– CO2 emissions from transport ↑
– Amount of chemicals ↑, especially through imported goods
– Amount of waste is ↑
Sverige
Electricity use in household in Europe
Kilogram oil equivalent per household
Källa: Eurostat (internetkod: tsdpc310, lfst_hhnhtych)

3. Housing – energy use
The International Institute for Industrial
Environmental Economics, Lund University, 3
Oksana Mont

4. Fuel efficiency of an average car alongside
trends in private car ownership and GHG
emissions Average CO2 emissions from
personal cars
Gram CO2 per kilometre
Source: Eurostat (internetkod: tsdtr450)
CO2/km from new cars have
been reducing mostly due to
shifting from gasoline to diesel
and more fuel efficient
technology
Source: EEA, 2012

5. Private car use in Sweden
Holmberg et al 2012

6. Supersize Everything!
7-Eleven soda Cruise lines
• 1980: 32 ounces • 1985: 46,052 tons
• 2000: 64 ounces • 2002: 88,500 tons
McDonald’s French fries Refrigerators
• 1980: 4 ounces • 1980: 19.6 inches
• 2000: 7 ounces • 2002: 28.6 inches
Supermarkets
NFL players: average
• 1972: 24,038 square feet
weight
• 2000: 44,072 square feet • 1974: 255 pounds
• 2000: 322 pounds
6
Wired, December 2002, 65

7. Pricing vs amount
32 ounces 44 ounces 64 ounces
388 calories 533 calories 776 calories
$0.99 $1.09 $1.19

8. 8

9. 9

10. Efficiency is improving, but utility for
consumers?
Fuel energy 100%
Bearings 6% Radiation 20%
Exhaust 35%
Rolling resistance 4.2%
Air resistance 10.5% Movement 19% Cooling water 20%
Accelerate and climb 4.3%
Is that what I pay my
money for???
Deadweight 17%
Personal mobility - 2%
10
Fussler (1996)

11. ... and use efficiency?
• Average European
car is used for 29
min a day
• In 12 years of car
life it is used in total
for 3 month, after
which it is discarded
• Average speed of
cars in centers of
European cities is
17 km/hour => it is
faster to take a bike

12. “Technological advancement
will not be enough
to achieve sustainable development,
changes will also be required
to people’s lifestyles”
Source: WBCSD 2008

13. Challenging traditional business models
Demand side management Car sharing schemes
Least-Cost Planning DIY tools sharing systems
Chemical Management Services Community-based washing centres
Integrated pest management
Leasing and renting services
Carpet leasing programmes
Document companies Sporting goods
Furniture services IT solutions: application service
Professional washing services providers
Services of electronic goods Communication services
13

14. Enabling social innovation
• Collaborative consumption
– Utilising the idling capacity of stuff
– Second-hand = vintage – reframe => normalise
• Consumers as co-producers
– Resilient communities
– Tacking charge of our lives
• Urban mining
– Utilising wealth of societies
Rachel Botsman: The case for collaborative consumption

15. 15
Rachel Botsman: The case for collaborative consumption

16. Understanding lifestyles
Bernd, Germany
55,1t
Kirsti, Finland
38,7t
Material Footprint
2011
Iria, Spain
24,8t
Péter, Hungary
8,8t
http://www.sustainable-lifestyles.eu/
16

17. Envisioning Sustainable Living 2050

18. Envisioning Sustainable Living 2050
8-10 ton lifestyle
(total resource use)
Food: 500 kg/a mostly vegetarian
Housing: 20 m2/person zero net energy
Energy: 1000 kWh via wind and solar
Household goods: efficient, different and sufficient
Mobility & Tourism: 10 000 km/a no car
Health & well-being: improved health, well-being, happiness
http://www.sustainable-lifestyles.eu/

19. Sustainable lifestyles should be happy!
Index of Sustainable
Economic Welfare (ISEW)
and GDP in Sweden
during 1950–1996.
Source: (Jackson and Marks 1999b) and
(Jackson and Stymne 1996)
19

20. Life satisfaction in Sweden 1999-2009
Fairly satisfied decreased,
Very satisfied increased
by 7%, while GDP increased
By 24% from 1999 to 2009
Holmberg et al 2012

21. Practices, happiness and energy intensity
Energy intensity (J/h) Activity Happiness
Sex 4,7
Socialising 4,0
Relaxing 3,9
Very low (zero)
Praying/meditating 3,8
Eating 3,8
Exercising 3,8
Watching TV 3,6
Shopping 3,2
Use of appliances: Preparing food 3,2
medium high Talking on phone 3,1
Taking care of children 3,0
Computer/internet 3,0
Housework 3,0
Working 2,7
Commuting: high Commuting 2,6
Holmberg et al 2012

22. Principles for living sustainably
Sustainable lifestyle
Cooperating vs. Competing
Sharing vs. Hoarding
Using and Saving vs. Consuming
Moving vs. sedentary but travel-based
Reflective vs. chased stressed lives
Context
From expectation society to the “power of now”
Happiness is in relating, not accumulating
“Live simply that others may simply live”
Goal
Now high-consumption competitive living
Need high-satisfaction cooperative living
developed from Pat Murphy

23. From mindless consumption to mindfulness
“To be nobody but yourself in a world doing its best
to make you everybody else means to fight the
hardest battle any human can ever fight and never
stop fighting”. E.E. Cummings
Living one’s passion is the ultimate experience of
feeling alive and connected to the universe – when
did you feel alive last time?