This presentation has the complete information about Kaplan Turbine and its Applications.

1. Kaplan turbine & ITS
APPLICATIONS
COURSE SEMINAR For fluid machines & fluid power
(16ME73)
BY: NEHA KADAM =2GI17ME077
SNEHA IRANNAVAR =2GI17ME143
SHIVANI KANBARKAR =2GI17ME129
PRIYANKA TAVAKARI =2GI17ME096

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 ABOUT KAPLAN TURBINE
 MAIN PARTS OF KAPLAN TURBINE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 EFFICIENCY AND VELOCITY DIAGRAM
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 La Rance TIDAL POWER STATION
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 When the water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft, the turbine is
known as the Axial Flow Turbine.
 If the head of the inlet of the turbine is the sum of pressure energy and kinetic
energy during the flow of water through a runner a part of pressure energy is
converted into kinetic energy, the turbine is known as Reaction Turbine.

4. About Kaplan turbine
 Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades.
 Kaplan Turbine is an axial reaction flow turbine.
 It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Victor Kaplan.
 The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in
the low head application that was not possible with the Francis turbine.

5. MAIN PARTS OF KAPLAN TURBINE
 Scroll casing.
 Guide vane mechanism.
 Hub with vanes or runner
of the turbine.
 Draft tube.

6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine. So the working fluid changes the pressure as
it moves across the turbine and gives energy.
 Power recapitulates from both the Hydrostatic head and kinetic energy of the following water.
 From the penstock, the water is coming to enter into the casing. Here flow pressure is not
lost because the shape of casing is designed in such a way that it does not lose the flow.

7. WORKING PRINCIPLE

8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 From the casing, the water is entering into the guide vane. Here rotor is
attached so the water comes with much pressure and hence it rotates the
runner.
 From the runner, the water enters into draft tube here pressure and
kinetic energy decreases. The remaining kinetic energy gets converted
into pressure energy and hence increases the pressure of water.
 Further rotation of the turbine is used to rotate the shaft of a generator
and further used for the generation or production of electricity.

9. Efficiency & velocity diagram
 Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each
site to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically
over 90%.
 For Kaplan turbine
U1=U2
Vf1=Vf2
Also B=900because of radial flow
at outlet
Vf2=V2=Vw2=0

10. ADVANTAGES
 This turbine work more efficiently at low water head and
high flow rates as compared with other turbines.
 This is smaller in size.
 The efficiency of the Kaplan turbine is very high as
compares with other types of hydraulic turbines.
 The Kaplan turbine is easy to construct.
 The space requirement is less.

11. DISADVANTAGES
 The position of the shaft is only in the vertical direction.
 A large flow rate must be required.
 The main disadvantages are the cavitation process. which
occurs due to pressure drops in the draft tube.
 The use of the draft tube and proper material generally
stainless steel for the runner blades may reduce the
cavitation problem to a greater extent.

12. APPLICATIONS
 Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for electric
power production. They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are
especially suited for high flow conditions.
 Inexpensive micro turbines are manufactured for individual power
production with as little as two feet of head.
 Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each site to
operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over 90%.
 They are very expensive to design, manufacture and install but
operate for decades.

13. La rance tidal power
station
 The La Rance Tidal power station is the first to be built and second biggest
tidal station in the world behind sihwa lake Tidal power station.
 The power is situated on the estuary of the La Rance River in France and
contains 24 Turbine of Kaplan type that can produce a total of 240 megawatts
of electricity.
 The dam is 2300 ft. long and the tidal range is 8 meters with a peak in spring
of 13.5 meters so the hydraulic head is very low but ideal for the use of
Kaplan turbines.
 Construction was completed in 1966 at a cost of 100 million euros.

14. La rance tidal power
station

15. CONCLUSION
 In this presentation, we learned what are the parts of a Kaplan Turbine, how
its work and advantages, disadvantages, and application of the Kaplan
Turbine.
 Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high-flow, low-
head power production.
 Kaplan turbine is mainly used in electric power production all around the world
where the conditions vary but usually where there is low hydraulic head.

16. THANK
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