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Overview of the Automobile Industry and its Development History
- 1. Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMOBILE
- 2. What is the automobile? 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.1. Definition of the automobile
- 3. What do you know about the automotive industry? World automotive industry production volume Source OICA 1.1.2. Some statistics on the automotive industry Year Passenger cars Light commercial vehicles Heavy trucks Buses and coaches Total %PC 2009 47.772.598 10.652.855 3.039.428 297.443 61.762.324 77% 2010 58.239.494 14.767.988 4.216.112 359.925 77.583.519 75% 2011 59.929.016 15.784.655 4.007.500 349.699 80.070.870 75% 2012 63.070.002 17.069.886 3.749.158 350.335 84.239.381 75% 2013 65.462.496 17.728.042 3.818.186 345.279 87.354.003 75% 2014 67.530.621 18.084.557 3.805.991 313.059 89.734.228 75% 2015 68.539.516 18.490.519 3.429.026 321.522 90.780.583 76% 2016 72.291.747 19.135.852 3.507.604 337.594 95.272.797 76% 2017 73.456.531 19.387.815 4.141.930 316.258 97.302.534 75% 2018 70.567.581 21.072.296 4.227.815 275.098 96.142.790 73% 2019 67.149.196 20.223.655 4.142.806 271.204 91.786.861 73% 1.1. History of the automotive industry development
- 4. 15 largest manufactures by production volume in 2017: Source OICA Rank Group Country Vehicles % 1 Toyota Japan 10466051 11% 2 Volkswagen Group Germany 10382334 11% 3 Hyundai South Korea 7218391 7% 4 General Motors United States 6856880 7% 5 Ford United States 6386818 7% 6 Nissan Japan 5769277 6% 7 Honda Japan 5236842 5% 8 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy / United States 4600847 5% 9 Renault France 4153589 4% 10 PSA France 3649742 4% 11 Suzuki Japan 3302336 3% 12 SAIC China 2866913 3% 13 Daimler Germany 2549142 3% 14 BMW Germany 2505741 3% 15 Geely China 1950382 2% 15 largest manufactures 77895285 80% World total 97302534 100% What do you know about the automotive industry? 1.1.2. Some statistics on the automotive industry 1.1. History of the automotive industry development
- 5. - Today, the automotive industry is one of the biggest industry in the world. Countries with developed automotive industry include: USA, Japan, Germany, Korea, China ... - In the US, nearly 12 million person work in the automotive industry, nearly 1 million person work in car services. On average, it take 20 person to assembly 1 car. - In Japan, there are nearly 5 million person work in the automotive industry. - In Vietnam, there are many universities, colleges, vocational schools teaching and training automotive engineering. How do you think about Vietnam automotive industry now and in the future? What do you know about the automotive industry? 1.1.2. Some statistics on the automotive industry 1.1. History of the automotive industry development
- 6. - The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history 1.1. History of the automotive industry development
- 7. - 1888: Tire was invented The structure of the automobiles have been developed to improve technical features and use as speed, comfort, safety... - 1934: AT - 1971: ABS - 1973: EFI 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history
- 8. 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history
- 9. 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history
- 10. 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history
- 11. - 1970s: Airbag - 1980s: VVT - 1986: New generation 4WS - 1995: ESP - 1997: Supersonic car - Future car:? Today, the terms like Active system, By-wire control, Driver assists are becoming popular. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/Car_History. htm http://www.vama.org.vn/ http://vsae.org.vn/ 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history
- 12. 1.1. History of the automotive industry development 1.1.3. Overview of the automotive industry history
- 13. 1.2. Basic functions of vehicle An auto vehicle has 3 basic functions: - Run - Stop - Turn
- 14. - Passenger cars - Trucks - Buses and coaches - Special vehicles Passenger cars a) Saloon/Sedan; b) Coupe; c) Station wagon; d) Cabriolet; e) Roadster; f) MPV; g) Big station wagon; h) Pick-up 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.1. Vehicle classification by usage
- 15. 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.1. Vehicle classification by usage Trucks a) Vans; b) Light trucks; c) Heavy trucks; d) Special trucks; e) Refrigerated vans; f) Semi trailers
- 16. 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.1. Vehicle classification by usage Buses and coaches a) Mini buses; b) Articulated buses; c) Urban buses; d) Double decker buses; e) Interurban coaches; f) Long distance coaches
- 17. 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.1. Vehicle classification by usage Special vehicles a) Garbage trucks; b) Fire trucks; c) Crane trucks; d) Bulldozers; e) Concrete trucks; f) Excavators
- 18. European Union standards: - Category M: Motor vehicles for the carriage of passengers - Category N: Power-driven vehicles for the carriage of goods - Category O: Trailers (including semitrailers) - Category M1: comprising no more than eight seats, maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tons - Category M2: comprising more than eight seats, maximum mass not exceeding 5 tons - Category M3: comprising more than eight seats, maximum mass exceeding 5 tons 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.2. Vehicle classification according to European standards
- 19. - Category N1: Vehicles for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes - Category N2: Vehicles for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 12 tonnes - Category N3: Vehicles for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 tonnes 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.2. Vehicle classification according to European standards
- 20. - Category O1: Trailers with a maximum mass not exceeding 0.75 tonnes - Category O2: Trailers with a maximum mass exceeding 0.75 tonnes, but not exceeding 3.5 tonnes - Category O3: Trailers with a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes, but not exceeding 10 tonnes - Category O4: Trailers with a maximum mass exceeding 10 tonnes The meaning of automobile classification? 1.3. Vehicle classification 1.3.2. Vehicle classification according to European standards
- 21. 4x2 4x4 6x4 6x6 8x4 8x6 How many drive axle? 1.3.3. Axle/Wheel configuration 1.3. Vehicle classification
- 22. 1.4. Basic construction and general arrangement of the automobile 1.4.1. Basic construction of the automobile
- 23. General arrangement of vehicle describe the positions of engine, drive wheels and other components. Arrangement of vehicle is considered to: - Ensure the best performance of components, systems and whole vehicle. - Ensure the compact dimensions, reasonable mass distribution on axles, convenient for manufacture and maintenance. 1.4.2. General arrangement of the automobile 1.4. Basic construction and general arrangement of the automobile
- 24. - Front engine, rear wheel drive - Front engine, front wheel drive - Rear engine, rear wheel drive - Front engine, all wheel drive - Rear engine, all wheel drive Most popular arrangement of passenger car? Why? Arrangement of passenger cars 1.4. Basic construction and general arrangement of the automobile 1.4.2. General arrangement of the automobile
- 25. Arrangement of buses and coaches - Front engine - Rear engine Arrangement of trucks - Engine is placed in front of cabin - Engine is placed under cabin - Engine is placed in rear of cabin and under the container Most popular arrangement? Why? 1.4. Basic construction and general arrangement of the automobile 1.4.2. General arrangement of the automobile
- 26. 1.5. Classification of automotive engines Basic engine design - Reciprocating engine: In-line engine, V engine, Opposite piston engine, Radial engine - Rotary engine: Walkel engine Method of ignition - SI (Spark Ignition) engine - CI (Compression Ignition) engine Method of cooling - Air cooled engine - Water cooled engine Fuel used - Gasoline (Petrol) engine - Diesel engine - Gas (LNG, CNG, LPG) engine - Dual fuel engine - Hydrogen engine - Hybrid - Fuel cell Application - For passenger cars - For commercial vehicles Working cycle - 2 stroke cycle engine - 4 stroke cycle engine
- 27. 1.6. Performance curves and characteristics of engines Characteristics - Power - Torque - Fuel consumtption
Notes de l'éditeur
- This picture describes a man riding a horse and an automobile. Long time ago, human had known to uses the animal for faster moving. For example, using dogs, reindeer, camel, cows, horses, and so on. Nowadays, we have many types of vehicle for moving such as bicycle, moto bicycle, automobile, train, plane, and spaceship. The most common moving vehicle is automobile. What is the automobile? In Oxford English dictionary: “Automobile is a road vehicle, typically with four wheels, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and able to carry a small number of people” In TCVN 6211:2003 (ISO 3833:1977) made by Vietnam Register:
- What do you know about automotive industry? This table shows the world automotive industry production volume in last 10 years. What can we read from this table? Vehicle type definitions Passenger cars are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the transport of passengers, and comprising no more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat. Light commercial vehicles are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the carriage of goods. Mass given in tons (metric tons) is used as a limit between light commercial vehicles and heavy trucks. This limit depends on national and professional definitions and varies between 3.5 and 7 tons. Minibuses, derived from light commercial vehicles, are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat and having a maximum mass between 3.5 and 7 tons. Heavy trucks are vehicles intended for the carriage of goods. Maximum authorized mass is over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7 tons) of light commercial vehicles. They include tractor vehicles designed for towing semi-trailers. Buses and coaches are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7 tones) of light commercial vehicles. Light vehicles include passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. Commercial vehicles include light commercial vehicles, heavy trucks, coaches and buses. The total vehicles is increasing due to economic development. The passenger cars take nearly 75% (three quarter) of total vehicle produced in the world. It shows that, the needs of moving by private vehicle is necessary. How is the production volume of Vietnam automotive industry in 2019? - 339.151 units (according to VR)
- This table shows the 15 largest manufacturers by production volume in 2017. The number one is Toyota, take 11%, the next is Volkswagen take same 11%. 15 biggest manufacturers produce 80% of all automobiles in the world. How about Vinfast from 2019 to now? Officially inaugurated Vinfast factory on Jun 14th 2019, after 21 months construction. 2019 october enjoined Vietnam Automobile Manufacturer’s Association (VAMA). The first quarter of 2020, 5124 units, ranks 5th in Vietnam
- Today, the automotive industry is one of the largest industry in the world. Countries with developed automotive industry include: USA, Japan, Germany, Korea, China ... In the US, nearly 12 million person work in the automotive industry, nearly 1 million person work in car services. On average, it take 20 person to assembly 1 car. In Japan, there are nearly 5 million person work in the automotive industry. In Vietnam, there are many universities, colleges, vocational schools teaching and training automotive engineering. How do you think about Vietnam automotive industry now and in the future?
- Karl Benz fabricated the car with idear of supporting his wife shopping.
- This picture shows the car race. People always like competition. And it is the dynamic of the development. That why the structure of the automobile have been developed to improve technical features and use as speed, comfort, safety… 1934 The Automatic Transmission was invented 1971 The Anti-lock Brake System was invented 1973 The Electric Fuel Injection was invented
- These pictures show types of the car in first generation. All most of them were for wealthy, even some part of the car was gold plated.
- These pictures show types of the car in first generation
- These pictures show types of the affordable cars in first generation, made in assembly line style of mass production.
- 1970s Airbag was invented 1980s Variable Valve Timming was invented (What were the valves in Vietnamese?) 1986: new generation 4 Wheel Steering system was invented 1995: Electronic Stability Program was inveted 1997: ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car is a British jet car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, and Jeremy Bliss.[1] Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of 1,228 km/h (763 mph) and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier
- These pictures show the luxury cars. They were used for president, super stars, business man…
- An automobile has 3 basic functions: run, stop, and turn. For running, the automobile needs powertrain system. It includes an engine and power transmission system. The engine generates torque, the power transmission system change this torque and transmit to the tires to impact to road surface, reaction force from road surface make vehicle moving. For stopping, the automobile needs the brake system. Brake system creates braking torque to stop vehicle. This system change the kinetic energy of vehicle to heat energy. For turning, the automobile needs the steering system. It change the direction of the vehicle.
- Xe buyt có khớp nối tương đương với xe sơmi rơ mooc.
- According to European Union standards: - Catalogy M: Motor vehicles having at least four wheels and for the carriage of passengers - Catalogy N: Power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and for the carriage of goods - Catalogy O: Trailers (including semitrailers) M1 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers and comprising no more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass (“technically permissible maximum laden mass”) not exceeding 3.5 tons M2 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass (“technically permissible maximum laden mass”) not exceeding 5 tons M3 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 tons
- The meaning of automobile classification? For vehicle regulation (speed…) For vehicle registration For training and issuing licences For calculating tax
- Explain axle/wheel configuration? The first digit is the total number of axle head The second digit is the number of drive axle head
- 1. Engine 2. Transmission system 3. Frame and body 4. Brake system 5. Suspension system 6. Electric system 7. Wheels
- Front engine, rear wheel drive Conventional type of layout Well suited for load carriers Has drive-train loss Rear engine, rear wheel dirve: Engine noise is insolated from the passenger compartment Reduced drive-train loss by using tranaxle Engine control links should be extended Greater rear weight bias Better traction but, rear weight transfer increases on acceleration Better braking Tend to oversteer (when decelerating) Front engine, front wheel drive Advantages Economic Vehicle is good adhesion on road as more weight is placed on the front wheels Has better road holding even on curves and slipery road Compact packaging: No need central tunnel through passenger compartment Engine can be mounted transversly Limitations Not used in powerfull cars as it’s difficult to feed more power and increase speed during a turn without resulting in understeer All wheel drive Has more drive-train loss Understeer can result However now its combated with trick and techy diffirentials and electronic to stay virtually as RWD for a few monments
- An example of this would be illustrated by the following sample curves. The horizontal axis shows engine speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) and the vertical axis indicates power in both kWm and in HP. There are two curves shown and the testing standards are indicated (ISO 3046). Typically these curves are referred to as “continuous” (the lowest output), and “intermittent” (the upper curve). Engine horsepower curves often show the torque curve or “pull down torque” as well. This curve illustrates the amount of torque available from the engine as a load is applied that exceeds the engine’s rated torque at the operating RPM. The difference in the torque at the rated RPM and the maximum or peak torque is the “torque rise”. It is usually expressed as a percentage. (Peak Torque – Rated Torque / Rated Torque = Torque Rise X 100)