PHPUnit - Unit testing

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Keep it Simple Stupid
Presentation by: Thu.Nguyen

CONTENT
KiSS Concept
Q&A
Demo
PHPUnit
Unit Testing
Software Testing

What is Software Testing?
 Testing is the process of executing a program with intent
of finding errors (The art of software testing – Glenford J.Myers)
4
Our program
The output
is correct?
I1, I2, I3,
…, In, … Expected results
= ?
Obtained results
“Inputs”
- No code inspection - No code analysis
- No model checking - No bug fixing
- No debugging

Level of testing
KiSS Concept
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
Functional Testing
System Testing
Load/Stress Testing
User Accepted Testing
Regression Testing
Programmer
Tester

Testing Techniques
Functional Testing
(Black box)
 Select test cases based
on the requirement or
design specification
 Emphasize on the
external behavior of
software
Structural Testing
(White box)
 Select test cases based
on the implement of
software
 Emphasize on the internal
structure of software
KiSS Concept

Black box vs White box
KiSS Concept

Process of testing
KiSS Concept
Test
cases
Design test
cases
Prepare test
data
Run program
with test data
Test
data
Test
results
Test
reports
Compare
results to test
cases

What is unit testing?
KiSS Concept
 “In computer programming, unit testing is a method by which
individual units of source code are tested to determine if they
are fit for use. A unit is the smallest testable part of an
application.” (Wikipedia)
 A “unit ” is the smallest testable part of an application: a
function or class method.

Benefit of unit testing
 Easy to defect error
KiSS Concept

 Safer refactoring
KiSS Concept

 Automated test
KiSS Concept

 Long term of saving time and money
KiSS Concept

When do you write the test?
 Focus on requirements
 Thinking about how to
code will be consumed
 Stop coding when meet
requirement
 Harder initially
 Focus on code
 Thinking about algorithm
 More refactoring
 Easier initially
KiSS Concept
Before coding(TDD) After/During coding

How do I test?
 Isolate with the code being tested
 Short, simple, fast, readable
 No conditional logic or loop (if, switch, while)
 One test should be one behavior
KiSS Concept

Introduction
KiSS Concept
 Is a unit testing framework written in PHP, created by
Sebastian Bergmann.
 Part of the xUnit family of testing frameworks.
 Integrated/supported
• Zend Studio
• Zend Framework
• Symfony
• Doctrine

Installation
KiSS Concept
Install with PEAR:
pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
Update:
pear upgrade phpunit/PHPUnit
Xdebug:
sudo apt-get install php5-xdebug php5-dev
Set include path in /etc/php5/cli/php.ini
include_path = “.:/usr/share/php”

Definitions
KiSS Concept
Test suite
Test suite
Test case
setUp()
testMethod
tearDown()
/*
*
*@annotation
*/
testMethod(){
assertion
}
Report
Test case
setUp()
testMethod
tearDown()
/*
*
*@annotation
*/
testMethod(){
assertion
}
Code coverage
Logging

Running test
KiSS Concept
Go to command line and run:
phpunit /path/to/file/test.php or phpunit classname
/path/to/file/test.php

Running test
 Command line
 IDE
 Zend Studio
 NetBean
 Continuous Integration
 phpUnderControl
 Cruise Control
KiSS Concept

Result
 OK: all tests are successful
 FAILURES: test is fail or error
 Result of each test:
• . test succeeds
• F an assertion fails
• E an error
• S test has been skipped
• I test is marked as being incomplete or not yet
implement
KiSS Concept

Features
 @dataProvider
 @exception
 Fixture: setUp() and tearDown()
 Double: stub and mock object
 Database
 Code coverage
KiSS Concept

Data provider
 Is a method that returns an array of values to use in a test.
 Makes tests shorter and more concise.
 Data provider can use array or file csv.
KiSS Concept

Data provider
KiSS Concept
Input 1 myfunction() Report 1Result 1 Expected 1
compare
compare
compare

Data provider
KiSS Concept
/*
* @dataProvider
*/
testMethod($input, $expect)
{
myfunction()
}
Report 1
Data Providers
Input 1 expect1
Input 2 expect 2
Input 3 expect 3
Report 2
Report 3

Exception
 Test exception are thrown.
 Test expected messages of exception are thrown.
KiSS Concept

Example exception
KiSS Concept

Fixtures
 Is constructor method and destructor method in test case
 PHPUnit supports 2 methods:
• setUp(): the function run when test methods start to
run
• tearDown(): the function run after test methods end
KiSS Concept

Fixtures
KiSS Concept
Start
setUp()
testOne() testTwo() testThree()
tearDown()
End

Test double
KiSS Concept
MyClass
myMethod($object)
{
…$object->otherMethod();
…
}
Database
Connection
File system
Web service
Function depends on other objects, other components

KiSS Concept
MyClass
myMethod()
{
…other Method
…
}
Database
File system
Web service
MyClassTest
testMyMethod()
{
…
…
}
Test double
How to isolate environment ?

Test double
KiSS Concept
MyClass
myMethod()
{
…other Method
…
}
Database Mock
File system Mock
Web service Mock
MyClassTest
testMyMethod()
{
…
…
}
Set mocks
Solution: use copy object Test double
return fixed value

Stub and Mock
 Set method return
values
 Test state
 Check method calls
 Check arguments used
 Test interactions
KiSS Concept
Stub Mock

Example stub object
KiSS Concept

Example mock object
KiSS Concept

Database testing
 Set up database connection.
 Set up initial dataset.
 Provide methods to get dataset from database.
 Provide methods to compare two datasets.
 Type of dataset
 Flat XML
 XML
 CSV
 MySQL dump
KiSS Concept

Organizing
 Allow to organize tests to test suite to run one time
 Use file system:
 All test files end with „Test‟.
 Organize directory structure.
 Use configuration file: phpunit.xml
KiSS Concept

Code Coverage
KiSS Concept
 Help to see what are executed when the tests are run.
 Help to find code that is not yet tested.
 Help to measure testing completeness.

Code Coverage
KiSS Concept
Red: code is not executedGreen: code is executed
Test cases cover this line code
Grey: dead code
Note: dead code is source code which is executed but whose result is never used.

Logging
Test results HTML
 <log type="testdox-html" target="./log/testdox.html" />
KiSS Concept

Logging
Test result XML
 <log type="junit" target="./log/logfile.xml" />
KiSS Concept

References
 PHPUnit manual
 Training course PHPUnit – Nick Belhome,2010
 Unit Testing with PHPUnit – Michelangelo van Dam
 Ini2it Unit Testing after ZF 1.8 - Michelangelo van Dam
 PHPUnit From Zero To Hero – Jeremy Cook
 PHPUnit & Continous Intergration – AlexMace
 Advanced PHPUnit Testing – Mike Lively
 Practical PHP Testing Patterns
 http://framework.zend.com/manual/1.12/ru/zend.test.phpunit.db.html
KiSS Concept

QUESTION & ANSWEAR
KiSS Concept

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PHPUnit - Unit testing

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