Debiasing in Administration, Advising, & Teaching
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When it comes to implicit bias, there is good news and bad news. Sustained changes in implicit bias seem to require regular exposure to experiences that last more than just a few minutes. So, the bad news is that researchers will rarely change implicit biases with brief, one-shot experimental manipulations. The good news, however, is that we can probably reduce implicit biases over time by being more careful about whether and how we include people in leadership, decisions, departments, and instruction. This presentation (1) reviews two methodologically strong debiasing experiments, (2) presents the qualitative results of an easy-to-use debiasing protocol for presentations and teaching, and (3) prompts discussion about how these findings apply to your work.
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Debiasing in Administration, Advising, & Teaching
- 1. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work byrdnick byrd_nick byrdnick.com Debiasing in Administration, Advising, & Teaching byrdnick byrd_nick byrdnick.com
- 2. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Has anyone ever told you that you look like…?
- 3. Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 Implicit Association TestNick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work
- 4. Common Race IAT Findings • People are faster to categorize white faces as “GOOD” than black faces. • People are faster to categorize black faces as “BAD” than white faces. • Higher error rate when instructed to pair black faces with “GOOD” and white faces with “BAD” than when instructed to pair white with “GOOD” and black with “BAD”. …regardless of race, explicit preference. What is implicit bias? A bias in our behavior that is measured indirectly. e.g., Gaertner & McLaughlin, 1983 Implicit BiasNick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work
- 5. In-person, long-term (4-8 weeks) debiasing Stereotype replacement: think of non- stereotypical features (Monteith, 1993) Counter-stereotypic imaging: Imagine counter- stereotypical features (Blair et al, 2001) Individuation: Focus on individual rather than stereotypical features (Brewer, 1988) Perspective taking: Imagine 1st person experience of stereotyped person (Galinsky & Moskowitz, 2000) Positive contact opportunities. Seek positive experiences with stereotyped people (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006) Devine et al., 2012 Strong EvidenceNick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work
- 6. On-line, short-term (< 2-4 days) debiasing Similar to Devine et al.’s strategies and these: Shift groups in a game: teammates are Black and skilled and opponents are White and unskilled. Shift groups under threat: vivid story of threat ; friends are Black, helpful, but enemies are White. Prime multiculturalism: hear pro- multiculturalism excerpt, summarize it, and list reasons for multiculturalism (Richeson & Nussbaum, 2004) Fake the IAT: Learn about the IAT and how to fake Pro-Black bias on it (Cvencek et al., 2010) Lau et al., 2016, Study 2 Strong EvidenceNick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work
- 7. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Big picture: What worked? Longer (e.g., 45 minutes), in-person debiasing sessions worked better than shorter (e.g., 5 minute), mostly online debiasing sessions. Counterconditioning: associating certain (e.g. racial) features with something non- stereotypic (and/or good). • Less reflective counterconditioning: the good/non-stereotypic content is paired with (e.g., racial) features for you • More reflective counterconditioning: you imagine/seek good/non-stereotypic content paired with (e.g., racial) features Byrd, 2019, “What We Can (And Can’t) Infer About…”
- 8. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Classroom Debiasing Imagine a philosopher doing philosophy. Who? Doing…? Looking like…? “An old man” “Wearing a toga” “beard” “gray hair” “The thinker statue” “thinking” “reading” “bronze?” “A bust of dead guy” “…uhh…” “marble” “Kate Rawles” “teaching me about biodiversity” “Heather Douglas” “talking to philosophers and scientists” “Peter Singer” “telling us about effective altruism” “Someone relatable” “playing devil’s advocate about...” “Someone cool” Byrd, 2019, Debiasing Education
- 9. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Classroom Debiasing Kate Rawles Heather Douglas Carol Cleland Regina Rini
- 10. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Application W.E.B. Du Bois Liam Kofi Bright Kwame Anthony Appiah Myisha Cherry
- 11. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Context Include underrepresented sources and people, etc. in leadership, decisions, departments, training, etc. Content Broadcast positive or non-stereotypic representations of negatively stereotyped experiences, people, etc. Consequences Assess leadership, decisions, training, etc. by (among other things) the inclusivity and diversity of its context and content. Application Byrd, 2019, Debiasing Education
- 12. Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work Course Design & Course Evaluation First, each group discusses one aspect of one course. Then, we will hear highlights or themes from each group’s discussion. Application Smith’s course Jones’ course Context Group 1 Group 2 Content Group 3 Group 4 Consequences Group 5 Group 6
- 13. Thank you! Thoughts? Questions? Objections? Nick Byrd byrdnick.com My Research Intuition Reflection Philosophy Morality Religion Implicit Bias Conclusions Future Work byrdnick byrd_nick byrdnick.com