1. Prevention of Diarrhoea
Dr Nikhil Bansal
J.N.M.C.,Wardha

2. Sanitation
a) Provision of improved water supply
b) Improved Excreta Disposal
 all families should have a clean & functioning latrine
 the latrine should be kept clean by regular washing
dirty surface.
 If there is no latrine family members should defecate
at a distance from the house, path or areas where
children play & at least 10 mt away from the water
supply source.

3. c) Improved domestic & food hygiene
 Hand washing -
It should be before preparing food.
Before eating.
Before feeding child.
And after defecation.
In our research it is found that % of children with proper
hand washing was from free for diarrhoeal diseases

4.  Use plenty of water for hygiene.
 As we can see % of children taking hygiene water did
not suffer from diarrhoea
 Use of latrine thereby there is a safe disposal of
excreta.
 Hand washing should be promoted.

6. Fly control
 Sanitation is the most effective & important step
in controlling house flies.
 There should be appropriate disposal of excreta.
 Dry and wrap organic waste before placing it in
the garbage can.
 Seal garbage cans with tight fitting lids.

7.  Manure & other decaying plant & animal material should
be promptly removed
 Screen windows & doors to keep pests out.
 Use indoor fly traps or sticky tape to control pests inside
the house

8. Personal Hygiene
 Oral hygiene
 Bathing

9.  Cutting of nails
 Washing of hands before meals & after defecation

10. Breast Feeding
 Exclusive breastfeeding-only breast milk is given no
other food or drink,not even water,is given.
 An infant should be exclusively breastfed for first 6
months of life.
 As we can see in our reasearch, % of breast fed
children did not suffer from diarrhoea.
 Breast milk contains several anti infective factors,which
protect the baby from enteral infections.

11.  Lactoferrin present in breast milk is less than 50%
saturated with iron and this does not make breast milk a
suitable medium for growth of enterobacteria.
 High level of bifidus factor prrotects the baby from
infection with E.coli.
 Breast milk has living phagocytic macrophages and
lymphoid cell,which provide nonspecific gastrointestinal
host defences and offer protection against diarrhoea.
 Breastfed babies have less diarrhoea and fewer
respiratory infections than artificially fed babies.

12.  Feeding bottles & rubber teats, which are particularly
difficult to clean, are often breeding grounds for germ
should be avoided
.

13. Weaning
 Literal meaning of the term weaning is taking the infant
away from the breast and nourishment by other means.it
starts around the age of 6 months.
 Commom weaning foods are ;
1. khichadi
2. Dalia
3. Jaggery
4. Mashed potato & Banana.

14.  It should be supplimented by suitable foods rich in
proteins and other nutrients.
 If it’s not done properly is often followed by diarrhoea.
 At the age of 1 year the child should receive solid foods
consisting of cereals,pulses,vegetables and fruits.

15. Immunization
 Immunization against measles is a potential interventon
for diarrhoea control.
 When administered at the recommended age, the
measles vaccine can prevent upto 25% of diarrhoea
deaths in children under 5 years of age.
 All children who have been immunized against
measles was protected from diarrhoea to an extent.
 In our research % of children was immunized against
measles.

16. Zinc supplementation
After appropriate treatment of diarrhoea zinc
supplementation can prevent the occurrence of
diarrhoea for following 2-3 months.

17. Prevention of Acute
Respiratory infection

18. Overcrowding Should Be Prevented
• Overcrowding refers to the situation in which more
people are living within a single dwelling than there is a
space for so that ;
1) Movement is restricted,
2) Privacy scluded,
3) Hygiene impossible
4) Rest and sleep difficult
• Infectious diseases spread rapidly under these
conditions,and

19. The degree of overcrowding can best be expressed as the
number of persons per room.
The accepted standards are ;
1 Room = 2 persons
2 Rooms = 3 persons
3 Rooms = 5 persons
4 Rooms = 7 persons
5 or more = 10 persons
Rooms

20. Purification of water
Household Disinfection
purification of wells
Boiling filtration Chemical
disinfection

21. Boiling
• The boiling is a satisfactory and excellent method of
purifying water for house hold purposes.
• Water must be boiled for 5 to 10 minutes.it kills all
bacteria,spores,cysts,ova and yields sterilized water.

22. Chemical Disinfections
• Bleaching powder
• Chlorine tablets
• Iodine
• Potassiun permagnet

23. Sanitation
• Provision of improved water supply,
•Improved excreata disposal all families should have
a clean and functoining latrine.
•the latrine should be kept clean by regular
washing dirty surface.

24. • If there is no latrine family members
should defecate at a distance from the
house, path or areas where children play
and at least 10 m away from the water
supply source.

25. • Improved domestic and food hygiene
1. hand washing;it should be,before preparing
food,before eating,before feeding child and after
defecation. In our research it is found that % of
children with proper hand washing was from free
for diarrhoeal diseases
• In our research it is found that % of children with
proper hand washing was from free for
diarrhoeal diseases

26. Indoor polution
• To prevent indoor polution following can be done ;
1) Increased use of electricity,natural gas and
central heating in place of coal can greatly helped
in smoke reduction.
2) Increase the number of outlet for
smoke.
3) Keep children away from smoke.

27. Open Window
 Leave the windows in your house open a crack in
winter.
 One or two in the rooms in which you spend the most
time. This is especially important if you live in a newer
home, where fresh circulating air has been the victim of
energy efficiency.
 A bit of fresh air will do wonders for chasing out germs.

28. Gargling
 People who gargled with water were 36 percent less
likely to be struck down when compared with non-
garglers.
 The study suggests that simple water gargling is
effective to prevent upper respiratory tract infections.

29. Drink, drink, drink!
• Hot liquids like fruit teas and lemon drinks
will ease any nasal congestion.
• A dried-out respiratory system will leave
you more prone to infection.

30. Education is the key to reducing ARI & Diarrhoea to
promoting greater understanding and providing
skills necessary to protect there child.
Thanks….