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Occupational health and safety (OHS)
- 1. EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY Nilantha Hulugalla PQHRM,( IPM ) MBA (RJTUSL) 077 3945410 nilanthahulugalle@yahoomail.com
- 2. OBJECTIVE OFTHE SESSION 1. Causes of accidents in the organization 2. Definition of occupational health and safety 3. Environmental factors, pollution and hazards 4. Definition and objective of safety management 5. Employers responsibility for safety management 6. Importance of good safety management for the organization 7. Laws relating to industrial health and safety 8. Preventive measures
- 3. IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH • Human resource is the most voluble resource • Good health and safety practices may help improve productivity • Accidents and occupational diseases could bring down the moral of workers • Repeated accidents can create fear and uncomfortable working environment • Accidents are costly • Social responsibility
- 4. • Good health and safety practices help to improve productivity
- 5. COST OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS • Direct costs • Cost of compensation • Medical fees • Hospitalization expenses • Higher insurance cost • Damage or waste of products and raw materials • Indirect costs • Decreased productivity • Hire and train new workers • Management time
- 6. AIM OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK • Protection and maintenance of highest degree of Physical, Mental and Social well-being of all workers of all occupations.
- 7. PHYSICAL WELL-BEING • Free from illness, injury or pain
- 8. MENTAL WELL-BEING • understand own abilities, ability to cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and able to make a contribution to his or her community
- 9. Social well-being • Social Integration, social contribution, social coherence, social acceptance
- 10. • physical and physiological well being of employees in and out of the work place • A working environment free of accidents and occupational diseases, that may cause personal injury or ill health (Caused by hazards and industrial pollution) Occupational health and safety Occupational health Occupational safety
- 11. WHAT ARETHE FACTORS AFFECT HEALTH AND SAFETY ATWORK • Any job is faced with certain amount of risk Hazard ? Danger ? Risk ?
- 12. • Hazards - Source or a situation with potential to cause harm • Danger – Exposure to a hazard • Risk - Likelihood of harm
- 13. HEALTH HAZARDS • There are two main factors affecting health of people at work 1. Environmental factors - Factory managers are directly responsible 2. Health and safety - Responsibility lies with everyone
- 14. HEALTH HAZARDS Chemical hazards Dose of Gases, Fumes, Solids, Liquids or Dust Psycho-social Hazards Affect to Mental well being Ergonomics Anatomical mismatches leads to various muscular and skeletal disorders Physical Hazards Heat, Cold, Light, Noise, Vibration, Pressure, Radiation Biological Hazards
- 15. PHYSICAL HAZARDS Arising out of Effect Who is in danger What is the risk Solutions Heat Cold Noise Light Noise Vibration Pressure Radiation
- 16. CHEMICAL HAZARDS • All chemicals are poisonous. • It is the dosage, determines whether a chemical is safe or hazardous. Chemicals could find in any foam Solid Liquid, Dust Fumes Gas Can enter human body through Mouth Lungs or skin Nature of effect Immediate Distant Local
- 17. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS • Caused by virus, fungus or bacteria
- 18. ERGONOMIC • Match the man to job • Muscular and skeletal disorders
- 19. PSYCHO-SOCIAL HAZARDS • Nature of the job • Role of the person • Inter-personal relationship • Career development • Etc…
- 20. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY • Human failures cause accidents ➢Injured person – carelessness (Initial blame) ➢Lower levels - Little regard to safety rules and precautions (Attitude ?) ➢Top management - Ignorance of legal and moral responsibilities (Attitude ?) • Industrial Accidents Unexpected/ unforeseen /unplanned happening. Which can course personal injury that would disrupt normal course of duties of an employee.
- 21. CAUSATION OF ACCIDENTS Accidents Unsafe Acts Improper training Unsafe procedures Stress Unsafe work environment Unsafe machines Unsafe physical environment
- 22. IMPROPERTRAINING • TRAINING REDUCESTHE RISK • Workers Should train on ➢Dangerous components of the machines ➢Types of material used and possible hazards ➢Safety guards to cover dangerous parts of the machine ➢Use of personal safety and protective devices ➢Correct operational procedure Accidents Unsafe Acts Improper training Unsafe procedures Stress Unsafe work environment Unsafe physical environment
- 23. UNSAFE WORK PROCEDURES Accidents Unsafe Acts Improper training Unsafe procedure s Stress Unsafe work environme nt Unsafe machines Unsafe physical environme nt
- 25. • UNSAFE MACHIENES • UNSAFE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Accidents Unsafe Acts Improper training Unsafe procedure s Stress Unsafe work environme nt Unsafe machines Unsafe physical environme nt
- 26. • UNSAFE CHEMICALS • UNSAFE PERSONAL ACTS
- 27. HOWTO REDUCE ACCIDENTS • Check for and remove unsafe conditions - If cannot remove guard it. • Through selection of employees • Screen out accident prone employees • Establish a safety policy • Set safety goals • Analyze the incidents and then set
- 28. • Create safety concern culture • Show that safety is a high priority • Enforce safety rules • Conduct safety and health inspections • Investigate accidents and near misses • System of upward communication on hazards
- 29. • Through genuine top management commitment • Personal involvement in safety activities regularly • Giving high priority to safety matters in meetings and production scheduling • Giving a high rank and status for safety officer
- 30. LAWS RELATINGTO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY • Workman compensation ordinance (No 19 of 1934) modified Act No. 15 of 1990 • To provide compensation • Factories ordinance No.45 of 1942 • To provide safety and welfare for workers in factories General Provisions – Health General Provisions – Safety General Provisions –Welfare
- 31. General Provisions – Health • Every factory should be maintained • in a cleaned state • Accumulated dirt and refuse should be removed daily • Floor of every workroom should be cleaned by washing or sweeping • At least once a week • Factory should not be over crowded • 400 cube feet per employee • Maintain at reasonableTemperature and suitable and adequate ventilation and lighting • Sanitary convenience • Separate sanitary convenience for males and females
- 32. General Provisions – Safety • Moving parts should be securely fenced • Any vessel containing dangerous substance should be covered or securely contained • Hoist and lift should be of good mechanical construction and examin by a competent person once a year • Fire exit and fire fighting appliances should be installed and properly maintained • Sound construction and maintained • Safety requirements for steam boilers
- 33. General Provisions –Welfare • All employees should be provided with suitable Drinking water • Adequate and suitable Washing facility for employees • Accommodation for clothing not worn during working hours • A first-aid box -at a reasonable accessible place • Suitable and sufficient facilities for resting for female workers whose work done standing
- 34. Factories ordinance- operations • Provisions for notification and maintenance of records relating to accidents in factories • Commissioner of the labour is empowered to drive the ordinance ➢Carried out by administrative officers of, regions • Colombo north - Kandy • Colombo south - Kurunegala • Anuradhapura - Matara • Jaffna - Ratnapura
- 35. • Empowered department – department of labour • Inspection division – Factories division occupational hygiene division • Officials of engineering division handle matters. Hierarchy • Chief factory inspecting engineer • Deputy Chief factory inspecting engineer • Special factory inspecting engineer • District factory inspecting engineer • Factory inspecting engineer
- 36. SAFETY MANAGEMENT Identifying risk and planning out prevention methods and safety procedures Risk in workplace Unidentified Risk Identified Risk Lack of control measures Proper control measures
- 37. OBJECTIVES OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT • To make environment safe • To make the job safe • To make workers adhere to safety conditions
- 38. Ensure employers responsibility of providing • Properly planned equipments • Safe systems and methods of work • Sufficient personnel to carryout work safely • Reasonably competent people • Proper induction and adequate supervision • Adequate safety measures
- 39. BENEFITS OF GOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM • Cost benefits • Safe environment for social responsibility • Better industrial relations • High moral – high productivity • Enhanced co-operation between employer and employee
- 40. HEALTH AND SAFETY PROBLEMS AFFECT PROFITABILITY OFTHE ORGANIZATION • Insurance cost • Benefits and compensation to injured employees • Medical cost • Legal cost • Future claims for related injuries • Work interruption and cleanup work after injuries
- 42. PREVENTIVE MEASURES 1. Education • Get people to think safely • Create safety awareness • Safety slogans and posters 2. Skill training – Incorporate accident prevention in learning process – Provide skills required to handle dangerous machinery
- 43. 3. Engineering • Design equipments • Design jobs (Job reengineering) 4. Protection