AI

1. Introduction to
Artificial
Intelligence
Fiona French

2. Module Spec
LO1 - Gain knowledge and understanding of artificial
intelligence
LO2 - Be able to work effectively in teams to design an
intelligent system
LO3 - Demonstrate ability to communicate effectively on
the topic of AI
LO4 – Be able to develop a simple prototype from a brief
using existing skills

3. Module Spec
LO1 - Gain knowledge and understanding of artificial
intelligence - VAGUE
LO2 - Be able to work effectively in teams to design an
intelligent system - DEPENDS ON TEAM MEMBERS
LO3 - Demonstrate ability to communicate effectively on
the topic of AI - VIVA
LO4 – Be able to develop a simple prototype from a brief
using existing skills - CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

4. Assignment 1
LO1 - Gain knowledge and understanding of artificial
intelligence
20% Presentation of Research LO1
Weekly exercises: Mind Maps

5. Assignment 2
LO2 - Be able to work effectively in teams to design an
intelligent system
LO3 - Demonstrate ability to communicate effectively on
the topic of AI
LO4 – Be able to develop a simple prototype from a brief
using existing skills
80% Artefact
LO2, LO3, LO4
Teamwork (2 max)
Joint presentation of research and context
Demonstration viva

6. What is artificial
intelligence?
What is intelligence?

7. Goal: build intelligent
entities
Thought processes and reasoning
Behaviour

8. Goal: build intelligent
entities
Thought processes and reasoning
Behaviour
Fidelity to
human
performance
Measure up
to ideal
(rationality)

9. Goal: build intelligent
entities
Thought processes and reasoning
Behaviour
Fidelity to
human
performance
Measure up
to ideal
(rationality)
THINK HUMAN
ACT HUMAN
THINK RATIONAL
ACT RATIONAL

10. 1.Act Human
1950 "Computer Machinery and Intelligence"
Can a machine think?
Can a machine have a natural conversation?

11. Alan Turing
Founder of computer science, mathematician,
philosopher, codebreaker, strange visionary...
http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/z8bgr82
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/jun/20/codebreaker-alan-turing-
science-museum-video

12. The Turing Test
Inspirational to development of AI - can a
program deceive a human interrogator?
- inspired by The Imitation Game

13. The Imitation Game
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2084970/?ref_=ttmi_tt

14. 1. Act human
●NLP
●Knowledge representation
●Automated reasoning
●Machine learning
+Computer vision (perception)
+Robotics (manipulation, manifestation)

15. 2. Think human
Study underlying principles, not try to duplicate

16. Strong AI
A computer can be programmed to think.
Cognitive science
●Introspection
●Psychological experiments
●Brain imaging

17. Information processing
model of the brain

18. Counter-argument
But it's a simulation - not consciousness.
(Do only humans possess consciousness?)
1980 John Searle
Mindless manipulators of symbols
Syntax not equivalent to semantics!

19. The Chinese Room

20. The Chinese Room
●Chinese speakers send messages to
someone in a closed room.
●They get intelligent and well-written
responses in Chinese.
●But person in the room does not speak
Chinese
●and is using a huge manual to find
appropriate replies to the messages...

21. Consciousness
●subjectivity - have a perspective;
●self awareness;
●sentience - perception;
●sapience - act with judgement;
●perceive relationship between self and
environment.

22. 3. Think rational
LOGIC
Started with Aristotle

24. 4. Act rational
- Agents -
●Autonomous
●Persistent
●Perceive environment
●Adapt to change
●Create and pursue goals
Inference and reflex

25. Making decisions

26. State of the art
● Game playing: programming computers to play games
against human opponents

27. State of the art
● Game playing: programming computers to play games
against human opponents
● Robotic vehicles

28. State of the art
● Game playing: programming computers to play games
against human opponents
● Robotic vehicles
● Speech recognition
● Autonomous planning
and scheduling
● Spam fighting
● Logistics planning
● Robotics
● Machine translation

29. Disciplines
● Economics
● Maths
● Philosophy
● Neuroscience
● Psychology
● Computer engineering
● Control theory and cybernetics
● Linguistics

30. Disciplines
● Economics - game theory
● Maths - logic, probability, algorithms,
computation
● Philosophy - formal rules, knowledge and action
● Neuroscience - simple cells become consciousness
● Psychology - information processing model
● Computer engineering - intelligence + artifact, speed and
capacity
● Control theory and cybernetics - stable feedback
systems
● Linguistics - language and thought, NLP, knowledge
representation

31. Refs
Intelligent machines: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-33978561
Google kill switch: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-36472140
Future of AI: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-37494863
Timeline: http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zq376fr