Ict as an important tool in rural development in context to Agriculture, e - governance, dairy sector, veterinary and extension

Nischay K. Patel
M.V.Sc. Scholar
Veterinary Extension

Contents of seminar
2
1. Introduction
2. Current Indian Rural Scenario
3. Sectors impacted through ICTs
 Livestock Extension
 Agriculture
 Veterinary and animal husbandry services
 E – Governance
 Co – operative Dairy
4. Challenges in application of ICTs
5. Conclusion

4
 India has a major share of the global population of the
livestock, with rich and vast genetic resources.
 Livestock industry plays an important role in national economy
and socio-economic development of our country especially
rural India.
 Over the span, India has transformed from a country of acute
milk shortage to the world’s leading milk producer.
 But, unfortunately per animal per lactational production
remains a law, mainly because of lack of adoption of improved
livestock farming practices with less scientific and traditional
extension approaches.

5
 Agricultural extension services in India are usually designed
around crop husbandry, while public sector initiatives towards
animal husbandry are often dominated by animal breeding and
health services. (Y P Singh, 2013)
 The traditional livestock extension techniques and processes
have their own limitations.
 The use of ICT has potential to change the economy of livestock
in India.
 But the success of ICT applications in livestock extension
depends upon various issues.
 If that issues are sorted out, then the potential of ICT can be
tapped for delivery of livestock extension services

What is ICT ????
6
Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
Includes any communication device or application,
encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer
and network, hardware and software, satellite systems as
well as the various services and applications associated
with them, such as videoconferencing and distance
learning.

7
Components of
Information Communication
Technology
Written
Print Media
News paper
Circular letter
Leaflet
Bulletin
Pamphlets
Audio
Radio
Telephone
Visual
Picture
Exhibition
Audio-visual
Films
Television
Video
New ICTs
Computer
Internet
VC
Kiosk

RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Rural Development is a process of change, by which the efforts
of the people themselves are united with those of government
authorities to improve their economic, social and cultural
conditions of communities in to the life of the nation and to
enable them to contribute fully to national programme.
-United Nations
8

9
“If the village perishes India will perish too. India will be no
more India. Her own mission in the world will get lost.
Therefore we have to concentrate on the village being self-
contained.”
-M.K. Gandhi

Current Indian Rural Scenario
10

11
6,40,867
villages
7935
towns
Urban and rural population in
INDIA 2011
POPULATION
http://censusindia.gov.in/2011

12
Literacy Rate
2001
Literacy Rate
2011
TOTAL RURAL URBAN TOTAL RURAL URBAN
INDIA 64.83 58.74 79.92 74.04 68.91 84.98
Gujarat 69.14 61.29 81.84 79.31 73.00 87.58
LITERACY RATE

13
Electricity Supply
Electricity Supply
(INDIA)
Electricity Supply
(GUJARAT)
YEAR RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN
2001 55.3 81.84 73.00 87.58
2011 61.29
92.7
80.4 90.4

14
Sectors Impacted
Through ICTs
11
Agriculture
e-Governance
Veterinary
&
A.H.
Dairy
Sector
Livestock
Extension

Limitations of traditional livestock extension
methods
16
 Expensive
 Time consuming
 Distortion
 Poor communication capacity
 Neglect of extension in livestock development
(Sasidhar and Sharma, 2006)

Potential advantages in livestock extension using
ICTs
17
 Cut steps in the diffusion process
 Save money and effort
 Instant international reach
 Continuous availability
(Sasidhar and Sharma, 2006)

Agricultural Development projects using ICTs
19
 Gyandoot Project (Madhya Pradesh)
 Warana Wired Village Project (Maharashtra)
 iKisan project of the Nagarjuna group of companies (Andhra
Pradesh)
 Fasal - free SMS-based service
 Kisan Call Centre (KCC)

Gyandoot
Project
Dhar District (Madhya Pradesh)
Low-cost, self sustainable rural intranet project
Objective is to improve governance at
village, block and district levels
Main focus is overall rural development rather than
exclusively agricultural development
(Panda et al., 2004)20

Gyandoot’s information services
1. Prices of agricultural product in different market centers
2. Online provision of land records
3. A rural email facility
4. Ask the Expert
5. Online matrimonial sites
6. Gaon ka akbaar
7. Swaliram se puchiye
8. Avedan patra
9. Registration of births and deaths21
Cont…

22
The Warana cooperative sugar factory, registered in 1956
Formation of over 25 successful cooperative
societies in the region
cooperative movement
The total turnover of these societies exceeds
Rs. 60 million
Electronic telephone exchange, Connecting nearly 50 villages
permitted dial-up connections from village kiosks to the servers
Region is considered to be one of the most
agriculturally prosperous in India
Warana Wired Village Project
http://www.e-agriculture.org

23
The project provide the following services:
• Agricultural, medical and educational information to the
villagers at booths in their villages.
• Communication facilities at the booths to link villages to the
Warana cooperative complex
• National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET) and a
geographical information system (GIS)
Cont…

iKisan
Project
Nagarjuna group of companies
1. Website - iKisan.com
2. Technical centers at village level
Nine Technical centers (kiosks)
Operators of the kiosks- Agricultural graduates
Interface computer networks farmers
Diagnose, analyze & advise about diseases & pests
Let Us Talk  online chat among farmers or
between farmers and experts
24 ( Shaik et al., 2014)

The offline services provided by i-Kisan
are :
 Information about agricultural equipment and other inputs and their
availability
 Poultry- and animal husbandry-related information.
 Market information
 Crop insurance information
 Information regarding cropping patterns and systems
 Question-and-answer services
25
Cont…

FASAL- Free SMS Service
Objective - To provides real-time price information to rural farmers
fasal.intuit.com
26

27 “Mobile Technology Boosts Farmers Income”
Cont…

Kisan Call Center (KCC)
28
• The Kisan Call Centre is a combination of ICT and Agricultural
technology.
• KCC takes queries of farmers and answers in their language from
6:30 am to 10 pm, seven days a week.
• It also identifies pest attacks and outbreak of animal diseases in
any particular geographical area and the information collected that
provided to the State Agriculture Department for taking timely
action by broadcasting on television, radio and other mediums.
• Kisan Call Centre Toll Free Number: 1800- 180-1551
Objective - To make agricultural knowledge available at free of
cost to the farmers as and when desired.
http://agricoop.nic.in

29
LEVEL – 1
Agricultural graduates
LEVEL – 3
Specialists available within state or
outside the state
(Nodal cell)
LEVEL – 2
Subject Matter Specialist
(Research Stations, ATICs, KVKs,
Various colleges in SAUs)
How KCC works ?????Cont…

Video Conferencing
Use of video conferencing to connect farmer to an agricultural
Expert Obtaining answers before it is too late
Before
In a Village in
Madurai, the Lady’s
Finger (Okra) crop
was turning white
After
The problem was sent to
the experts at the
Department of Rural
Extension, Madurai
Agricultural College and
Research Centre who
diagnosed it as “Yellow
Mosaic disease”
(Jhunjhunwala and Ramachander, 2005)30

Weather Services to Agriculture
31
Division of Agricultural Meteorology was set up in 1932 under the
umbrella of India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Pune.
OBJECTIVE  To minimize the impact of adverse weather on
crops and to make use of favorable weather to boost agricultural
production
http://www.imd.gov.in

Dissemination of Agromet services in
India
32 http://www.imd.gov.in

VETERINARY AND ANIMAL
HUSBANDARY SERVICES
33

Artificial Insemination Management
Personal Digital Assistants  Maintain owner and animal data
Simputer and a smart card  Inform the animal owner the
expected next heat of the animal and the same system can be used
to plan the rounds of the Inseminator for insemination
(Maru, 2007)34

35
Benefits
• Enabling and monitoring of fertility at various levels
such as village, block and taluka level.
• Reduce the number of missed heat for insemination
• Used to plan the production and supply of semen
for an animal-breeding program
Cont…

36
AI Technicians Milk Recorders Resource Persons Veterinarians
• Registration
• AI
• PD
• Calving
• Yield
measurement
• Milk Sample
Collection
• RB Individual &
Group of Animals
• Feed &Fodder
sample collection
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Testing
• Outbreak
Mobile
Farmers
SMS –
Alert
Messages
Communi-
Cation
Media
Synchronisation
GSM/GPRS
NDDB
Analytical reports
NDDB’s Nutrition
Lab.
Disease Diagnostic
Lab.
Central
server

Android
Applications
APLLICATION
NAME
LOGO DESCRIPTION
Veterinary Drug
Index-India
Drug names and trade names
(India)
The Merck
Veterinary
Manual
Guidelines for the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of
animal disorders and diseases
https://play.google.com/store
37

38
Vet Calculator
Allows us to perform
eleven different
calculations including
drug doses, fluid and
energy requirements
and infusions.
Help for Vets
Agrovet Market
Physiological and
clinical values for 11
animal species
Cont…

Balance Ration And Area Specific Mineral
Mixture
• NDDB has developed user-friendly computer software for
balance the ration of animals with the available feed resources
and area-specific mineral mixtures.
• To balance rations in the field, ‘Nutrition masters’ were
created which contain
1. Data on the chemical composition of commonly used feed
ingredients across various agro-climatic regions
2. Nutrient requirements of cows and buffaloes in all
physiological condition.
39
(FAO ,

Personal Digital Assistants loaded with the ration balancing
software
40
• Approximately 11,500 animals were
analyze from seven locations which
indicated that feeding a balanced ration
can increase net daily income by 10–15
percent.
• It will increase in milk production and a
decrease in the cost of feeding.
Cont…

Video conferencing
• Goat had a wound near its
mouth and Could not eat .
• A web-cam picture sent to the
vet college in Madurai.
• The suggestions from the vet
cured the goat in two days
(Kumar et al., 2002)41

42
S.No
Name of the
ICT tool
Developers
End users / target
groups
1 Dairy tool box ILRI
Front line extension
agents of public
sector, NGO workers
and progressive
farmers
2 Talking Pictures
Available as a part of
dairy toolbox Front line extension
agents, NGO workers
ICT tools developed by various Institutes and their target
groups

43
3
DRASTIC
(Dairy Rationing
System for The
Tropics)
Available on cost
basis from
http://www.stirlingth
orne.com
Front line
extension agents,
NGO workers
4 Information kiosk RAGACOVAS Farmers
5
Poultry expert
system
College of
veterinary sciences
Organised Poultry
farmers
6 DISK NDDB-Amul-IIMA
Operates across
the dairy chain
(Farmers,Societie
s, unions and
federations)
(Thirunavukkarasu and Mohan, 2002 )

44
S.
N.
Statements
Agree Undecided Disagree
f % f % F %
1
ICTs are useful for retrieving latest
knowledge
5 100 - - - -
2
It is difficult to use ICTs in the
organization because of its cost
- - - - 5 100
3
ICTs are not compatible with
existing traditional methods
- - 2 40 3 60
4
Effective utilization of ICTs is
possible
4 80 1 20 - -
5
They help in quick and timely
decision making
5 100 - - - -
Applicability of ICT tools by A.H Service
Providers
(Sireesha et al., 2014)

45
S.
No
Statements
f % f % f %
1
knowledge
4 100 - - - -
2
- - - - 4 100
3
- - - - 4 100
4
possible
4 100 - - - -
5
decision making
4 100 - - - -
Applicability of ICT tools by financial
organization

Applicability of ICT tools by Educational and Research
Organizations
46
S.
No.
Statements
f % f % f %
1
knowledge
8 100 - - - -
2
- - 1 12.5 7 87.5
3
- - 1 12.5 7 87.5
4
possible
8 100 - - - -
5
decision making
8 100 - - - -

47
S.
No.
Statements
f % f % f %
1
knowledge
6 100 - - - -
2
- - 2 33.3 4 66.6
3
2 33.3 3 66.6 - -
4
possible
6 100 - - - -
5
decision making
8 100 - - - -
Applicability of ICT tools by Non Governmental
Organizations and Cooperative Organizations

48
Applicability of ICT tools by Private Organizations
S.
No.
Statements
Agree Undecided
Disagree
f % f % f %
1 ICTs are useful for retrieving
latest knowledge
10 100 - - - -
2 It is difficult to use ICTs in the
- - 2 20 8 80
3 ICTs are not compatible with
1 10 3 30 6 60
4 Effective utilization of ICTs is
possible
10 100 - - - -
5 They help in quick and timely
decision making
10 100 - - - -

OBJECTIVES
1. To build an informed society
2. To increase Government and Citizen interaction
3. To encourage citizen participation
4. To bring transparency in the governing process
5. To reduce the cost of Governance
6. To reduce the reaction time of the Government
50 (Saxena, 2010)

GSWAN (Gujarat State Wide Area
Network)
52
GSWAN is an end-to-end IP based network designed for the
service convergence (Voice, video and Data) on a single
backbone, for the state Government of Gujarat.
1st Tire - Secretariat Center at state capital, Gandhinagar.
Various departments and hundreds of subordinate offices located at
the state capital are connected through SCAN (Secretariat Campus
Area Network)

53
3rd Tire - Constitutes Talukas Centers, located at Taluka
Mamlatdar’s office and Taluka Development Office provision are
kept for connecting Taluka level other offices horizontally. All
Talukas are connected to District Centers.
2nd Tire - Constitutes District Centers, located at district
collector’s office and multiple district level other offices connected
with District Centers horizontally.
http://www.gil.gujarat.gov.in
Cont…

54
e-Dhara
Vision: To enable access and maintenance of village land records in
an easy, transparent and secure manner
Objectives : 1) Physical Village Land Records Electronic
records.
2) Automate maintenance and updation of Village
Land Records
http://gil.gujarat.gov.in/edhara.html

55
SWAGAT- State Wide Attention on Grievances
by Application of Technology
Mission : Effective, transparent and speedy redress of the
grievances of the citizens at various levels of the Government
throughout the State by direct interaction with the Chief Minister.

56
• An excellent model of e-transparency.
• Activate administration to solve public grievances at State,
District and Sub District Level
• It saves time and cost of public.
• The SWAGAT system gives satisfaction to common citizen
gil.gujarat.gov.in/swagat.html
Cont…

e - CHOPAL
• Data accessed by the farmers relate
to the weather, crop conditions, best
practices in farming
• This networking with the farming
community has enabled to build a
highly cost effective procurement
system.
http://www.itcportal.com57

ICT in the dairy sector was developed by CEG-IIMA
Aim - Assisting the dairy unions in effectively scheduling and
organizing the veterinary, artificial insemination, cattle feed and
other related services
The application uses Personal Computers at the milk collection
Centers of the DCS having connectivity to ISP.
The application includes two components
1. A Dairy Portal (DP) and
2. A Dairy Information Services Kiosk(DISK)
61

Dairy Information Services Kiosk (DISK) and Dairy Portal
62

 NDDB - Around 26000 DCS are using EMT and around 2500 are
using the PC connected EMT machines (AMCS) .
 These systems introduced - Satisfactory milk collection methods
Facilitated immediate payments to farmers
(Chakravarty, 2000)
The DISK software stores and maintains the databases of
cooperative society members, their cattle, artificial insemination,
veterinary, cattle feed and other service transactions in addition to
the daily milk transactions.
(Ramarao, 2001)
Dairy Information Services Kiosk (DISK)
63

64
 Provide an interactive dairy information and education channel to the members
of the DCS.
 The Dairy Portal has textual as well as multi-media content useful to the
farmers, extension workers, business executives and researchers dealing with the
dairy sector
 The portal mainly offers services such as education, entertainment, discussion
forum, frequently asked questions, data transfers, e-commerce,e-banking etc.
 On the education front, the portal typically holds the data on best practices in
breeding and rearing milch cattle, feeding and keeping animal healthy,
producing high quality milk, care to be taken in buying and selling the cattle,
and several other aspects to educate and advise the users.
Dairy Portal
(Kothari and Takeda, 2000)

65
Challenges in Application of ICT in
Rural Development

1. Illiteracy
2. Major power-cuts
3. Financing difficulties
4. Shortage of project leaders and guides
(Mukherjee , 2011)66

67
Constraints faced by the various categories of organizations in
utilizing the ICT tools
S.No. Constraints Service
Providers
n=5
Edu. and
Research
Organizations
n=8
1 Inadequate technically competent personnel
in using ICTs
4 (80) 2 (25)
2 Insufficient budget allocation for ICTs 2 (40) 2 (25)
3 Erratic Internet connectivity 1 (20) 1 (12.5)
4 Lack of training to employees regarding
ICTs
2 (40) 1 (12.5)
5 High cost of ICTs 1 (20) -
6 Restriction of use of ICT tools to limited
areas of A.H. only
1 (20) -

68
Suggestions provided by the various categories of organizations
regarding improvisation of ICT tools utilization
S.
No
Suggestions
Service
Provide
rs n=5
Edu. &
Research
Org. n=8
1 Imparting training to employees in using ICTs 3 (60) 2 (25)
2
Up-gradation of ICT equipment (software, hardware
etc.) for A.H.
2 (40) -
3 Provision of latest ICT infrastructure 2 (40)
2 (25)
4 Provision of sufficient funding for ICT 2 (40) 2 (25)
5 Internet connectivity should be better (20)
2 (25)
6
Development of a database for getting information on
various A.H. aspects which should be accessible to all
- 1 (12.5)

70
• Animal agriculture has a greater potential to boost the rural economy
and to overcome the unemployment.
• In order to transform livestock sector into information driven, modern
and competitive sector, the role of ICT cannot be overruled.
• Various ICT projects like Gyandoot Project ,Warana Wired Village
Project, i-Kisan project,, Kisan Call Centre (KCC) and dairy co-
oparative by NDDB etc have been successfully implemented in rural
area and it help to improve livelihood of rural people
• They provide faster and newer ways of delivering and accessing
information. It shows considerable promise as a channel for the
delivery veterinary extension services.
• There is a need to develop and provide technical content on livestock
systems, management practices and also on specialized frequently
asked questions which the veterinarian / para-veterinarian often face at
the cutting edge.

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