2. GEOINFORMATICS
THE REAL TREND OF SCIENCE
THE FUTURE OF EARTH
by
Nivetha Srinivasan
BE. Geoinformatics
GeoWings
Save - Protect - Reuse
geowingsspr@gmail.com
3. MEANING
Geo – Earth
It is a word taken from Greek
Informatics –Data Processing to get information
Collecting, Classifying, Analysing, Manipulating, Storing,
retrieving information.
Gathering data about earth surface,
processing it and transfer into useful information
4. Information about Earth:
Details of earth surface and its features
i.e., Man-made object & Natural object
Example: Building, Road, Harbour, Factory, Dam, etc.
River, Ocean, Forest, Valley, Volcanoes, Desert,
Glaciers, etc.
5. DEFINITIONS
It is a technology that is used to gather, process, analysis,
maintain and implement the geoinformation using various
techniques like Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, GIS, GNSS,
Cartography, etc. is called Geoinformatics.
Surveying Remote
Sensing
Photogrammetry GIS Cartography
7. GEOINFORMATION:
The data that represent or define the Earth
Surface,
Structure,
Characteristic,
Feature that present on the earth.
8. EXAMPLES FOR GEOINFORMATION:
• Topographic details of terrain (Location & Elevation)
• Road network
• Electric lines and poles
• Building (Dimension, Type – Resident, Multi-storey, Campus,
Hospital, mall)
• Forest
• Agricultural area
• Cadastral (Land parcel)
• Rainfall data
• Temperature
9. • Ground water level
• Types of soil
• Air pollution
• Population
• Boundary of a region
• Sea surface temperature
• Composition of Lava
• Types of Rock
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Composition of Atmosphere
• Chemical content in polluted water
• Mineral content of soil
• Wind speed
11. LIBRARY:
It is a place that has a collection of books (language, academic,
history, research,
story, novel, etc.). There were more than lakhs of books. Because of this
reason, it’s difficult to locate a particular book in a library. Even though
its arranged systematically. Like that Earth has various objects with
different characteristics,
eg. Tree, mountain, lake, various species(include human
being) both inland and ocean handling that information is very complicated.
Continued…..
12. For example, consider a forest there were variety of breeds of trees even a
particular breed have 100 no. of trees, for efficient forest management.
we need a complete database, handling more number of an object having
the same features is a problem, for that, we need to locate every object with its
geographical location is needed.
For that, we need an efficient tool to collect Geographical
location/information(lat, long, elevation)
13. BANKING:
Administrating the currency transaction and customer details. Here
major data are Money and customer details. For that purpose, we need an
effective database management system.
A Bank is a systematic organization having more departments and
branch, each has of separate customer details and transaction
information, handling million number data as a hardcopy is difficult,
nowadays we have database management software for better
management for those data.
Continued…..
14. Even though we are facing some difficulties, in such data type
management, just in alphabetical and numerical format.
Then while considering the earth, every nook and corner of the
earth don’t have the same property or the same characterization for that
reason it needs an efficient database management system more than
anything else.
It must have a cable of handling both geographical
information(Lat, Long) and attribute of any object on earth, it can be road,
forest, river, mountain, land use type, vehicle, Glaciers, etc.,
15. Refrigeration:
The refrigerator is one of the good inventions that more useful
nowadays. We need to store our foods in good condition for a week or
maybe for a month while in industrial purpose.
The refrigerator has separate compartments to store a different
variety of foods like vegetable, fruits, juice, desserts and sometimes
cooked food also can be stored to retain its freshness.
And also we can regulate the temperature according to the
environmental condition.
For the preservation of food, we need a good storage unit.
Like that we need proper tools or device to store and save data
that’s were collected through lots of processes using various techniques
about the earth.
.
Continued…..
16. How much importance given to collecting a data, equally that
needed also for storing and protecting information that gathered
through the various process because that information is not only used
for the present work, it will be needed in future and it may be base
information for future work.
In Ancient days, maps were in paper or in cloth, so its difficult to
preserve and maintain safely from environmental conditions. Nowadays
all the data and information are in digital format.
For that reason, we need an efficient technique to compress,
store, encrypt the information for future reference without any loss to
that information
17. Location:
Locating every individual object on earth's surface is important because most of
the objects have the same characterization so it can only differentiate through its
location and also all objects on are not stable its mobile so the location has an important
role, e.g. Tree, land, road, electric pole, vehicle, etc.
Below images are Aerial images taken from an Aircraft, both have roads,
buildings, tree differentiated them is not possible without its geographical location
(Latitude, Longitude).
18. Nowadays, studying about Birds and animal lifestyle, tracking instruments (GPS)
were used.
eg. Shark Tracking - https://www.ocearch.org/
Ocearch is a Global tracker, which updates shark location as a dot map using GPS
tracker that fixed in Sharks.
For more information go through the above website.
19. Collection of data:
Collecting various sets of data at a time is needed. While in Aerial
Survey it not only gather particular data like only road or trees, it captures all that
object in that area.
So it very useful than other Land surveying techniques (Theodolite
survey and Total station)because that only gather particular data like only building
or Road data at a time.
Then it's time-saving and reduces the Cost.
So the eminence of Geoinformatics always an increasing one. It makes impossible
things into a possible one.
20. Advantages:
Take a GLOBE, it is a world(Map) in our hand
GEOINFORMATICS gives earth into our hand
It gives knowledge about our earth.
Detail study about earth surface,
the bathymetric surface, atmosphere, innermost
the surface of the earth.
21. It not only deals with natural objects of earth or structural
formation but it also helps to study about man-made objects like
road, building, dams, Let considering about electric lines it difficult
to handle and maintain as a data or as information but using one
of the techniques in geoinformatics it's more accurate.
i.e, LIDAR will give detail data about electric lines. It reduces
complexity in gathering information about electric lines. Like that
signal strength of a particular mobile tower and its proximity in an
area can also be calculated.
22. It's not only used to study Earth, but it also extends its hand to
Space, helps to study Moon, Mars, etc.. and other astronomical
bodies.
By acquiring information about landform, structure,
underneath ocean, the atmosphere of earth can be used as base
information for a study about other planet and also a model can be
created on basis of earth atmospheric significances
i.e, carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has some
reflectance value through this value we compare the other data that
acquire from another planet, so we can identify the presences of
Carbon-dioxide in that Planet
eg.Chandran I, the identity water content in moon
23. Simply saying
On The Earth
Inside The Earth
Beyond The Earth
In-depth Ocean
Space
Geoinformatics can make it possible
24. Speciality:
It gives 3 periods of information (TimeLine Data)
Past - Present - Future
PAST - Mainly for Archaeological study to find out destroyed river bed in ancient
days, Destroyed monuments
eg. Silk road-related studies use satellite images nowadays.
(Nowadays based on this application new field merges called Space Archaeology, in
that archaeologist use Satellite images to find and study about Archaeological site)
PRESENT - Mainly for Planning, Resources Management
eg. Urban Planning, Vehicle tracking, Fleet management, forest management,
Roadways, Geological Structure, Glaciers movement, Biodiversity studies.
FUTURE - Predicts Rainfall, cyclone, any other Disaster, and Disaster Prone Zone
Areas
25. Past - Present: Change Detection
1980’s Satellite data set of an area if already have then by getting present satellite
images of that area and by comparing both datasets we can find out changes that occur on
that area i.e., Urbanization or deforestation details we can get
Present - Future:
It mainly useful in Planning, if we have present data of a city shows utility and
infrastructure of that area, then it is useful for us to decide where we have to build a new
facility for that area according to statistical report like migration, population i.e, Telephone
Tower, Metro Rails, Bridges. Electricity for the newly developed area can also be planned
through an existing data set.
Past - Present - Future:
A model can be created to predict the upcoming cyclone and its pattern &
Geomorphological condition of earth surface through past and present data set can also be
studied.
26. Conculsion:
● Geoinformatics is a technology that improves through various advancements that
occur in many fields like Photography, Computer Science, etc.
● Once the camera was invented it gives a new dimension to survey techniques, it
led to Photogrammetric Survey on a terrestrial basis, then the invention of
Aeroplane by Wright brothers, it creates a path to Aerial Survey.
● While Rockets were invented and Satellite was Successfully landed on Moon, give
a new way of thinking to scientists to study Earth using satellites, in this
meantime, the improvements in Electronic Field give a boost up to satellite
Communication led to our new trend REMOTE SENSING.
● Geoinformatics is friendly because it takes all goodness from the upcoming
invention. It upgrades itself for every second through new trends.
Continued…..
27. A new member, who joined in this group is PHO DAR, using Drone a new
instrument for Surveying, it is a type of low altitude Photogrammetry.
So it renovates itself for every second, through new inventions.
If you think Geoinformatics is a newly emerging technique of this Century
that's not true.
It emerges when people start to seek, think, search the reason for everything
that happens around them.
When Galileo starts to observe a Celestial body through a telescope,
Geoinformatics start to emerge…
When People start to measure, Geoinformatics starts their…
While in World War II the Military uses Aircraft for spying, Geoinformatics
start to rises…..
