Enhanced oil recovery using steam
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Enhanced oil recovery using steam
- 1. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
- 2. Enhanced Oil Recovery Steam Injection
- 3. What is Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) ? • A generic term for increasing the amount of crude oil extracted from an oil reservoir • Also referred to as ‘improved oil recovery’ or ‘tertiary oil recovery’ • Using EOR, oil extraction rate can exceed up to 60% compared to primary and secondary oil recovery methods (20-40% recovery)
- 4. Methods of EOR • Gas injection methods • Chemical injection methods • Thermal methods – Steam injection – Fire flooding
- 5. Steam Injection • One of the methods included in EOR • Applies the use of steam for recovering oil • Has several different forms but two main ones – Cyclic Steam Stimulation – Steam Flooding
- 6. Cyclic Steam Stimulation • Also known as “Huff-and-Puff” method • Sometimes applied to heavy-oil reservoirs • Assists natural reservoir energy by lowering viscosity of oil • Commonly used for a formation of oil-wells but can be applied to a single-well procedure
- 8. Cyclic Steam Stimulation (contd.) • The cycle may be repeated until the recovery response becomes minimum due to decrease in pressure and increase in water production • Accompanied by continuous steam-flooding to continue the supply of heat and to replace declining pressure of reservoir
- 9. Steam Flooding • Most commonly used in heavy-oil reservoirs having high viscosity • High-temperature steam is continuously ejected into the reservoir which, – Loses heat to formation of water and condenses – The hot water produced coupled with continuous steam supply acts as a driving force to move the oil to the production wells
- 11. Advantages • Steam floods are easier to control than fire-floods • Steam floods do not cause cracking of oil and no environmentally objectionable flue gases are produced • Steam injection wells are subject to much lower temperature than fire injection wells • Steam flooding can be applied to reservoirs containing high API gravity oils • Flushing of liners and casing perforations, as well as the reduction of deposits that may build up in the wells
- 12. Disadvantages • Heat losses are high through injection lines, wellbores and oil well formation • Steam flooding requires large supply of high quality fresh water • Steam injection can’t be performed at depths below 5000 ft because of high reservoir pressure
- 13. Economic Considerations • Capital investment is lower • Fuel consumption per barrel of oil produced is higher
- 14. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_injection_%28oil_i ndustry%29 • www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil- gas/publications/eordrawings/BW/bwsf.PDF • www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil- gas/publications/eordrawings/BW/bwcyclic_stm.PDF • www.most.gov.mm/techuni/media/PE_05045_2.pdf
Notes de l'éditeur
- To utilize this EOR method, a predetermined amount of steam is injected into wells that have been drilled or converted forinjection purposes. These wells are then shut in to allow the steam to heat or "soak" the producing formation around the well.After a sufficient time has elapsed to allow adequate heating, the injection wells are back in production until the heat isdissipated with the produced fluids. This cycle of soak-and-produce, or "huff-and-puff," may be repeated until the responsebecomes marginal because of declining natural reservoir pressure and increased water production.
- High-temperature steam is continuously injected into a reservoir. As the steam loses heat to the formation, it condenses intohot water, which, coupled with the continuous supply of steam behind it, provides the drive to move the oil to production wells.As the formation heats, oil recovery is increased by:1. The heated oil becomes less viscous, making it easier to move through the formation toward production wells.2. Expansion or swelling of the oil aids in releasing it from the reservoir rock.3. Lighter fractions of the oil tend to vaporize, and as they move ahead into the cooler formation ahead of the steam theycondense and form a solvent or miscible bank.4. Finally, the condensed steam cools as it moves through the reservoir and results in what amounts to an ordinarywaterflood ahead of the heated zone.
- Because of this the heat can’t be utilized in reservoirs which are deep, thin or have low permeability