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Perception(instructional media)
- 1. PREPARED BY :NOR ASIAH MOHAMAD (GS42774) INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA PREPARED FOR : DR. MAS NIDA MD. KHAMBARI
- 3. "WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY"WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE,WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE".ARE,WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE".
- 4. what do you see?what do you see?
- 5. STEPHEN ROBBINS “ Perception is a process by which individual’s organize and interpret the sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.” FRED LUTHANS “Perception is an important mediating cognitive process through which persons make interpretations of the stimulus or situation they are forced with.” DEFINITIONS
- 7. VVisual :isual :pictures, sights, imagespictures, sights, images Aural:Aural: sounds, noise, music, tonessounds, noise, music, tones Kinesthetic:Kinesthetic: sensations, physical feelings ofsensations, physical feelings of the body, smells, tastesthe body, smells, tastes STIMULU
- 8. PerceptionPerception consists of:consists of: ExposureExposure : Stimulus to nervous system: Stimulus to nervous system AttentionAttention : Sensation is passed to the brain: Sensation is passed to the brain InterpretationInterpretation: Assignment of meaning to the: Assignment of meaning to the received sensationreceived sensation
- 9. The assignment of meaning to sensationsThe assignment of meaning to sensations Cognitive interpretationCognitive interpretation – process– process whereby stimuli are placed into existingwhereby stimuli are placed into existing categories of meaningcategories of meaning Affective interpretationAffective interpretation – the– the emotional or feeling response triggered byemotional or feeling response triggered by a stimulusa stimulus INTERPRETATION
- 10. Individuals areIndividuals are variablevariable in theirin their responses to stimulusresponses to stimulus Perception andPerception and MemoryMemory are bothare both very selective.very selective. MESSAGE The perceptions is subjective?The perceptions is subjective?
- 12. WordsWords influence because theyinfluence because they evoke us toevoke us to createcreate representationsrepresentations within ourwithin our minds at multiple levels.minds at multiple levels.
- 14. Factors Influencing PerceptionFactors Influencing Perception Factors in the perceiver Attitudes Motives Interests Experience Expectations Perception Factors in the perceived Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity Factors in the situation Time Work Setting Social Setting
- 15. PERCEPTION PROCESS Perceptual throughputs Receiving->Selecting->Organizing->Interpreting Perceptual Outputs Actions Perceptual inputs Stimuli Simplified process of perception
- 16. How a person perceives by assigning aHow a person perceives by assigning a cause to the behaviour he conceives.cause to the behaviour he conceives. ATTRIBUTION THEORY
- 17. Person Perception:Person Perception: Making JudgmentsMaking Judgments About OthersAbout Others
- 18. Can you control what youCan you control what you see?see?
- 19. Surface StructureSurface Structure is:is: WordsWords TonalityTonality FigureFigure SizeSize What You ObserveWhat You Observe
- 20. Deep Structure:Deep Structure: WordsWords TonalityTonality SurroundingSurrounding SizeSize Technology IntegrationTechnology Integration ValuesValues BiasesBiases PrejudicesPrejudices ExperiencesExperiences FearsFears DreamsDreams FeelingsFeelings
- 22. Our brains want to organize, categorize,Our brains want to organize, categorize, define and make sense of information indefine and make sense of information in thethe simplestsimplest way possibleway possible PeoplePeople are not easy to organize andare not easy to organize and define asdefine as informatioinformationn We mustWe must be carefulbe careful with our perceptionswith our perceptions and how we view and communicate withand how we view and communicate with others based on our perceptions.others based on our perceptions. CONCLUSION
Notes de l'éditeur
- perception is an important factor in human behaviour Perceptions vary from person to person. Different people perceive different things about the same situation. But more than that, we assign different meanings to what we perceive. And the meanings might change for a certain person. One might change one's perspective or simply make things mean something else.
- areas of the brain which respond to auditory stimuli process of discriminating between what is important & is irrelevantRead more: http://www.alleydog.com/101notes/s&p.html#ixzz3WB3pHl5X
- Understanding and given meaning ti stimuli
- What do we hear when we listen to a sound??
- We track these references and ideas onto the ‘screen of our mind’. We then generalize about those representations, classify them, categorize them, etc. This structures our minds, sends commands to our nervous system, and creates our felt sense of reality.
- Perceiver Perception influenced by person’s values, attitudes, past experiences, needs, personality Characteristics of the perceiver. The perceptual process is influenced by the perceiver’s: Past experiences. Needs or motives. Personality. Values and attitudes. Situation Physical context, social context, organizational context Characteristics of the setting. The perceptual process is influenced by the setting’s: Physical context. Social context. Organizational context. Perceived Target’s contrast, intensity, figure-ground separation, size, motion, repetition, novelty Characteristics of the perceived. The perceptual process is influenced by characteristics of the perceived person, object, or event, such as: Contrast. Intensity. Figure-ground separation. Size. Motion. Repetition or novelty.
- Perceptual inputs – Objects, Events and people. All those things in the setting where events occur or contribute to the occurrence of events can be termed as Perceptual inputs. Perceptual Mechanism -involves three elements viz. selection of stimuli, organization of stimuli and interpretation of stimuli. Perceptual outputs –Attitudes, Opinions, Feelings & Values. The result is the “ BEHAVIOUR”
- Behaviour is determined by a combination of perceived internal & external forces Two types of causes Internal forces e.g. personal attributes such as ability, skills, amount of effort & fatigue External forces e.g. organisational rules & policies, the manner of superiors, the weather, etc.
- Previously held believe about something influences the perception.