This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), including its nuclei, ganglion, and three divisions. It describes the motor and sensory functions of the trigeminal nerve and its branches. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons and is located in the middle cranial fossa. The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves, each supplying different regions of the face and head.

1. Presented by :
Nour Alhoda Youssef Allham
Supervision:
Dr. Ali Booker
*Khalije-libya college
Department of general medical science
subject : General Anatomy
Trigeminal Nerve

2. ● Introduction
● Trigeminal Nuclei
● Trigeminal Ganglion
● Divisions of Trigeminal
● References
*Contents :

3. ● Trigeminal nerve (Dentists nerve) the fifth cranial
nerve or simply (CN“V”)
● Its name trigeminal (Tri = three ) and (Geminus =
twin = thrice-twinned )
● Derives from the fact that each of the two nerves
( one on each side of the pons )
● The largest of the cranial nerves
*Introduction

5. *
*Motor to :
− Muscles of mastication
− Tensor ville palatini ,
Tensor tympany
− Anterior belly of
digastrics
− Mylohyoid
*Sensory to :
− Skin of face
− Mucosa of cranial
viscera
− Except base of tongue
and pharynx

6. ● A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray
matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more
cranial nerves.
● Axons carrying information to and from the cranial nerve
form a synapse first at these nuclei.
● Lesions occurring at these nuclei can lead to effects
resembling those seen by the severing of nerves they are
associated with.
*

7. 1- Mesencephalic nucleus
− Cell body of pseudounipolar neuron.
− Relay proprioception from muscles of mastication , Extra ocular
muscles , Facial muscles .
Situated in midbrain just lateral to aqueduct.
2- Principal sensory nucleus
− Lies pons lateral to motor nucleus.
− Relays touch sensation.
3- Spinal nucleus
− Extends from caudal end of principal sensory nucleus in pons to 2nd
or 3rd spinal segment.
− It relays pain and temperature.
*Sensory Nuclei :

8. ●Innervates muscles of mastication and tensor
tympani and tensor palatini.
●Derived from first branchial arch.
●Located in pons medial to principle sensory nucleus.
*

9. ● Semilunar or Gasserian ganglion.
● Cresentric in shape with convexity
anterolaterally .
● Contains cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons .
● Location : lies in a bony fossa at apex of the
petrous temporal bone on floor of middle cranial
fossa , just lateral to posterior part of lateral well of
the cavernous sinus .
*

10. ● Coverings : covered by dural pouch
(Meckles cave or cavum trigeminal)
− Cave lied by pia and arachoid thus the
ganglion is bathed in CSF
● Arterial supply : ganglionic branches of
internal carotid artery , middle meningeal artery
and accessory meningeal artery.

11. −Superiorly : ● Superior petrosal sinus
● Free margin of tentorium cerebelli
−Inferiorly : ● Motor root
● Greater petrosal nerve
● Petrous apex
● Foramen lacerum
−Medially : ● posterior part of lateral well of cavernous sinus
● Internal carotid artery with its sympathetic
plexus
−Laterally : ● Uncus of temporal lobe
● Middle meningeal artery and vein
● Nervous spinosum
*

12. ●The sensory supply from the face comes from its
three major branches :
1- The Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
V2))2- The Maxillary Nerve
3- The Mandibular Nerve (V3)
*

13. ● Smallest division.
● First division .
● Sensory only.
● Supplies :
Eyeballs , Conjunctive , Lacrimal gland , Mucosa of nose
and paranasal sinus , Skin of forehead eyelid and Nose .
*

14. ● Arises :
Upper part of the semi lunar ganglion as a short ,
flattened band pass forward along the lateral wall of the
Cavernous sinus.
● Before entering the orbit through Superior orbital
Fissure it divides into three branches :
1- lacrimal Nerve
2- Frontal Nerve
3- Nasociliary Nerve

15. ● Second division of
trigeminal nerve
● Pure sensory
● Supplies derivatives of
maxillary process and
frontnasal process
*

16. Trigeminal ganglion ( middle cranial fossa)
Lateral wall of cavernous sinus
Foramen rotundum
Pterigopalatine Fossa
In groove on posterior surface of maxilla
Through inferior orbital fissure into orbit as Infra orbital N.
Through infraorbital foramen on face
*

18. ● Its the largest branch of trigeminal nerve.
● It is a Mixed Nerve with two roots :
1- Large sensory root .
2- Small motor root .
● The sensory root of the mandibular division originates at
the (Inferior angle of the Trigeminal ganglion .
● The motor arises in the motor cells located in the Pons
and Medulla oblongata .
● The two roots emerge from the cranium separately
through the Foramen Ovale ( The motor root lying medial
to sensory).
● They unite just outside the skull and from the main trunk
of the third division.
*

19. *

20. 1- Trunk (undivided)
● Nervous Spinosum.
● Nerve to medial Pterygoid.
2- Anterior Division
● Mesenteric Nerve.
● Deep temporal Nerve .
● Nerve to lateral Pterygoid.
● Buccal Nerve.
3- Posterior Division
● Auriculo Temporal Nerve.
● Inferior Alveolar Nerve.
● Lingual Nerve.
*

21. It supplies:
● The teeth and gums of the mandible.
● The skin of the temporal region .
● The auricular.
● The lower lip.
● The lower part of the face .
● Muscles of mastication .
● It also supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior
two- thirds of the tongue.
*

22. ● Greys anatomy.
● Snells anatomy.
● Head and Neck Anatomy .
● Head , Neck and Dental
tomy.
*